Iyini i-diode?

I-diode iyingxenye ye-electronic terminal, ikhawulela ukugeleza yamanje ngendlela eyodwa futhi ivumela ukuthi igeleze ngokukhululekile kwelinye icala. Inokusetshenziswa okuningi kumasekethe e-elekthronikhi futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto zokulungisa kabusha, iziguquli, namajeneretha.

Kulesi sihloko, sizothatha bheka iyini i-diode futhi isebenza kanjani. Sizophinde sibheke okunye ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuvamile kumasekhethi kagesi. Ngakho ake siqale!

Isebenza kanjani i-diode?

I-diode iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esinjalo kuvumela i-current kufanele igeleze iye ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngokuvamile zitholakala kumasekhethi kagesi. Asebenza ngesisekelo sezinto ze-semiconductor ezenziwe ngazo, okungaba uhlobo lwe-N noma uhlobo lwe-P. Uma i-diode inguhlobo lwe-N, izodlula okwamanje lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa ohlangothini olufanayo nomcibisholo we-diode, kuyilapho ama-diode ohlobo lwe-P azodlula okwamanje lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa ngakolunye uhlangothi lomcibisholo wayo.

Impahla ye-semiconductor ivumela ukugeleza kwamanje, ukudalaindawo yokuncipha', lesi yisifunda lapho ama-electron enqatshelwe khona. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-voltage, indawo yokunciphisa ifinyelela emaphethelweni womabili we-diode futhi ivumela i-current ukuthi igeleze kuyo. Lolu hlelo lubizwa ngokuthi "ukuchema phambili".

Uma i-voltage isetshenziswa ku ngokuphambene impahla ye-semiconductor, ukuchema okuphambene. Lokhu kuzobangela ukuthi indawo yokuncipha inwebeke ukusuka ekugcineni eyodwa kuphela yetheminali futhi kumise okwamanje ukuthi kungagelezi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma i-voltage ibisetshenziswa emzileni ofanayo nomcibisholo ku-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P, i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P ibiyosebenza njengohlobo lwe-N ngoba ibizovumela ama-electron ukuthi ahambe aye kolunye uhlangothi lomcibisholo wawo.

Ukugeleza kwamanje kwe-Diode

Ama-diode asetshenziselwa ini?

Ama-Diodes asetshenziselwa guqula ukuqondisa okuqondile kumanje oshintshanayo, kuyilapho kuvimbela ukuqhutshwa kwezindleko zikagesi. Le ngxenye eyinhloko ingatholakala kuma-dimmers, ama-motor kagesi, nama-solar panel.

Ama-Diode asetshenziswa kumakhompyutha ukuvikela izingxenye zikagesi zekhompuyutha emonakalweni ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla. Banciphisa noma bavimbe i-voltage engaphezu kwaleyo edingwa umshini. Futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhompuyutha, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwedivayisi. Ama-Diode asetshenziswa ezintweni zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezifana nohhavini, iziwashi zokugeza izitsha, amahhavini ama-microwave nemishini yokuwasha. Asetshenziswa kulawa madivaysi ukuze avikeleke kuwo ukulimala ngenxa yokuphakama kwamandla okubangelwa ukuphelelwa amandla.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-diode

• ukulungiswa
• Njengokushintsha
• Umthombo Wokuzihlukanisa Circuit
• Njenge-voltage yereferensi
• I-frequency mixer
• Ukuhlehlisa ukuvikela kwamanje
• Ukuvikelwa kokuhlehla kwe-polarity
• Ukuvikelwa kwe-surge
• Umtshina wemvilophu we-AM noma i-demodulator (umtshina we-diode)
• Njengomthombo wokukhanya
• Kumjikelezo wenzwa yokushisa epholile
• Kusekhethi yenzwa yokukhanya
• Ibhethri lelanga noma ibhethri le-photovoltaic
• Njengesiqeshana
• Njengomgcini

Umlando we-diode

Igama elithi "diode" livela Греческий Igama elithi "diodous" noma "diodos". Inhloso ye-diode ukuvumela ugesi ukuthi ugeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. I-diode nayo ingabizwa ngokuthi i-valve kagesi.

Itholakele Henry Joseph Round ngokuhlolwa kwakhe ngogesi ngo-1884. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa kusetshenziswa ishubhu yengilazi yevacuum, ngaphakathi okwakukhona ama-electrode ensimbi kuzo zombili iziphetho. I-cathode inepuleti eline-charge eqondile futhi i-anode inepuleti elineshaji elibi. Lapho umsinga udlula epayipini, wawukhanya, okubonisa ukuthi amandla ayegeleza kumjikelezo.

Ubani owasungula i-diode

Nakuba i-semiconductor diode yokuqala yasungulwa ngo-1906 nguJohn A. Fleming, ibizwa ngokuthi uWilliam Henry Price no-Arthur Schuster ngokusungula idivayisi ngokuzimela ngo-1907.

UWilliam Henry Preece no-Arthur Schuster

Izinhlobo ze-Diode

• I-diode yesignali encane
• I-diode yesignali enkulu
• i-zener diode
• ukukhanya okukhipha i-diode (i-LED)
• I-DC Diodes
• I-Schottky diode
• I-Shockley Diode
• Isinyathelo sokutakula ama-diode
• Umhubhe diode
• I-Varactor diode
• laser diode
• I-diode yokucindezela edlulayo
• Ama-diode egolide
• I-Super Barrier diode
• I-Peltier diode
• i-crystal diode
• I-Avalanche Diode
• I-Silicon Controlled Rectifier
• Vacuum diode
• I-PIN-diode
• indawo yokuxhumana
• UDiode Hanna

I-diode yesignali encane

I-diode yesiginali encane iyithuluzi le-semiconductor elinamandla okushintsha ngokushesha kanye nokwehla kwe-voltage conduction ephansi. Inikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela emonakalweni ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic.

I-diode yesignali enkulu

I-diode yesignali enkulu iwuhlobo lwe-diode oludlulisa amasignali ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla kune-diode yesignali encane. I-diode yesiginali enkulu ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC. I-diode yesignali enkulu izodlulisela isignali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla futhi ishibhile kune-electrolytic capacitor.

I-decoupling capacitor ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-diode enkulu yesignali. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu cingo kuthinta isikhathi sokuphendula esidlulayo sesekhethi. I-decoupling capacitor isiza ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa izinguquko ze-impedance.

i-zener diode

I-Zener diode iwuhlobo olukhethekile oluzoqhuba kuphela ugesi endaweni ngqo ngaphansi kokwehla kwe-voltage eqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma itheminali eyodwa ye-zener diode inikwa amandla, ivumela i-current ukuthi isuke kwenye itheminali iye kutheminali enikwe amandla. Kubalulekile ukuthi le divayisi isetshenziswe kahle futhi isekelwe phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho ingase ilimaze unomphela isekethe yakho. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi le divayisi isetshenziswe ngaphandle, njengoba izohluleka uma ibekwe endaweni enomswakama.

Uma i-current eyanele isetshenziswa ku-zener diode, ukwehla kwe-voltage kwenziwa. Uma le voltage ifinyelela noma idlula i-voltage yokuwohloka komshini, khona-ke ivumela i-current ukuthi igeleze isuka kutheminali eyodwa.

ukukhanya okukhipha i-diode (i-LED)

I-light emitting diode (LED) yenziwe nge-semiconductor material ekhipha ukukhanya lapho inani elanele lamandla kagesi edlula kuyo. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-LEDs ukuthi aguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ama-LED aphinde asetshenziswe njengezibani zezinkomba ukukhombisa okuqondiwe kumishini kagesi efana namakhompyutha, amawashi, imisakazo, omabonakude, njalonjalo.

I-LED iyisibonelo esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-microchip futhi yenze izinguquko ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokukhanyisa. Ama-LED asebenzisa okungenani izendlalelo ezimbili ze-semiconductor ukuze akhiqize ukukhanya, i-pn junction eyodwa ukuze akhiqize abathwali (ama-electron nezimbobo), abe esethunyelwa ezinhlangothini eziphambene zongqimba "lwesithiyo" oluthwebula izimbobo ohlangothini olulodwa nama-electron kolunye. . Amandla ezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezibanjiwe aphinde ahlangane "ku-resonance" eyaziwa ngokuthi i-electroluminescence.

I-LED ithathwa njengohlobo olusebenzayo lokukhanyisa ngoba ikhipha ukushisa okuncane kanye nokukhanya kwayo. Inempilo ende kunamalambu e-incandescent, angahlala isikhathi esifinyelela ku-60 ubude, abe nokukhanya okuphezulu okukhiphayo futhi akhiphe ukukhishwa okunobuthi obuncane kunamalambu endabuko e-fluorescent.

Inzuzo enkulu yama-LED yiqiniso lokuthi adinga amandla amancane kakhulu ukuze asebenze, kuye ngohlobo lwe-LED. Manje sekungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-LED anezinto zikagesi ezisukela kumaseli elanga ukuya kumabhethri kanye namanje alternating (AC).

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-LED futhi anemibala eyahlukene okubalwa obomvu, osawolintshi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe, neminye. Namuhla, ama-LED atholakala ngokushintshashintsha okukhanyayo kwe-10 kuya ku-100 lumens nge-watt ngayinye (lm/W), okucishe kufane nemithombo yokukhanya evamile.

I-DC Diodes

I-diode yamanje engaguquki, noma i-CCD, iwuhlobo lwe-voltage diode yesilawuli samandla kagesi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-CCD ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okukhipha nokuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwe-voltage ngokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwayo lapho umthwalo ushintsha. I-CCD ingaphinda isetshenziselwe ukulungisa amaleveli wamandla okufaka e-DC kanye nokulawula amazinga e-DC kumareyili okukhiphayo.

I-Schottky diode

Ama-Schottky diode abizwa nangokuthi ama-hot carrier diode.

I-Schottky diode yasungulwa nguDkt Walter Schottky ngo-1926. Ukusungulwa kwe-Schottky diode kusivumele ukuthi sisebenzise ama-LED (ama-light emitting diode) njengemithombo yesignali ethembekile.

I-diode inomphumela onenzuzo kakhulu uma isetshenziswa kumasekhethi aphezulu. I-Schottky diode iqukethe ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezintathu; P, N kanye ne-metal-semiconductor junction. Idizayini yale divayisi ifana nokuthi uguquko olubukhali lwakhiwe ngaphakathi kwe-semiconductor eqinile. Lokhu kuvumela abathwali ukuthi bashintshe ukusuka ku-semiconductor baye kwensimbi. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni i-voltage eya phambili, okubuye kunciphise ukulahleka kwamandla futhi kukhuphule isivinini sokushintsha samadivayisi asebenzisa ama-Schottky diode ngemajini enkulu kakhulu.

I-Shockley Diode

I-Shockley diode iyisisetshenziswa se-semiconductor enohlelo lwe-asymmetric lwama-electrode. I-diode izoqhuba okwamanje ohlangothini olulodwa futhi kancane kakhulu uma i-polarity ihlehliswa. Uma i-voltage yangaphandle igcinwa inqamula i-Shockley diode, izoba ngokuchema kancane kancane kancane njengoba i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ikhula, ize ifike endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi "i-cut-off voltage" lapho ungekho umbane oncomekayo njengoba wonke ama-electron ehlangana nezimbobo. . Ngalé kwamandla kagesi wokunqamuka ekumelelekeni kwesithombe sesici se-voltage yamanje, kunesifunda sokumelana okunegethivu. I-Shockley izosebenza njenge-amplifier enamanani aphikisayo okumelana kulobu bubanzi.

Umsebenzi kaShockley ungaqondwa kangcono ngokuwuhlukanisa ube izingxenye ezintathu ezaziwa ngokuthi izifunda, owamanje obheke emuva ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu u-0, 1 no-2 ngokulandelana.

Esifundeni 1, lapho i-voltage ephozithivu isetshenziswa ngokuchema phambili, ama-electron ahlakazeka ku-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-n asuka ohlotsheni lwempahla ye-p, lapho "indawo yokuncipha" yakheka khona ngenxa yokushintshwa kweningi labathwali. Indawo yokunciphisa isifunda lapho izithwali zokushaja zikhishwa lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage. Indawo yokuncipha ezungeze ukuhlangana kwe-pn ivimbela okwamanje ukuthi kungagelezi ngaphambili kwedivayisi engaqondile.

Lapho ama-electron engena ohlangothini lwe-n ukusuka ohlangothini lohlobo lwe-p, "indawo yokunciphisa" iyakhiwa ekuguqukeni ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu kuze kube yilapho umzila wamanje wembobo uvinjiwe. Izimbobo ezihamba ukusuka phezulu ziye phansi ziphinde zihlangane nama-electron asuka phansi aye phezulu. Okusho ukuthi, phakathi kwezindawo zokuncipha zebhendi yokuqhuba kanye nebhendi ye-valence, kuvela "indawo yokuhlanganisa kabusha", evimbela ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwabathwali abakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-Shockley diode.

Ukugeleza kwamanje manje kulawulwa inkampani yenethiwekhi eyodwa, okuyinkampani yenethiwekhi encane, okungukuthi ama-electron kulesi simo semiconductor yohlobo lwe-n kanye nezimbobo zezinto ezibonakalayo zohlobo lwe-p. Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi lapha ukugeleza kwamanje kulawulwa ngabathwali abaningi (izimbobo nama-electron) futhi ukugeleza kwamanje kuzimele ku-voltage esetshenzisiwe inqobo nje uma kukhona abathwali bamahhala abanele ukuqhuba.

Esifundeni sesi-2, ama-electron akhishwa endaweni yokuncipha aphinde ahlangane nezimbobo ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi adale abathwali abaningi abasha (ama-electron ohlobo lwe-p lwe-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-n). Lapho lezi zimbobo zingena endaweni yokuncipha, ziqedela indlela yamanje nge-Shockley diode.

Esifundeni sesi-3, lapho i-voltage yangaphandle isetshenziswa ngokuchema okuhlanekezelwe, indawo yokushaja isikhala noma indawo yokuncipha ivela empambanweni, ehlanganisa kokubili abathwali abaningi nabancane. Amapheya e-electron-hole ahlukanisiwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-voltage ngaphesheya kwawo, okuholela ku-drift current ngokusebenzisa i-Shockley. Lokhu kubangela inani elincane lamanje ukuthi ligeleze ku-Shockley diode.

Isinyathelo sokutakula ama-diode

I-step recovery diode (SRD) iyisisetshenziswa se-semiconductor esingahlinzeka ngesimo sokuqhuba esimisiwe, esingenamibandela phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode. Ukuguquka ukusuka kusimo sokucisha ukuya kusimo sokusebenza kungabangelwa ama-voltage ama-negative. Uma ivuliwe, i-SRD iziphatha njenge-diode ephelele. Uma icishiwe, i-SRD ngokuyinhloko ayihambisi nokuvuza kwamanje, kodwa ngokuvamile akwanele ukubangela ukulahleka kwamandla okukhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi.

Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ama-waveforms okuthola kabusha kuzo zombili izinhlobo zama-SRD. Ijika elingenhla libonisa uhlobo lokuthola kabusha okusheshayo, olukhipha inani elikhulu lokukhanya uma liya endaweni engasebenzi. Ngokuphambene, ijika eliphansi libonisa i-diode yokutakula eshesha kakhulu ethuthukiselwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi ibonisa imisebe engabonakali nje kuphela ngesikhathi soguquko lokusuka luye-ukucisha.

Ukuze uvule i-SRD, i-voltage ye-anode kufanele idlule i-threshold voltage yomshini (VT). I-SRD izocisha lapho amandla e-anode engaphansi noma elingana namandla e-cathode.

Umhubhe diode

I-tunnel diode iwuhlobo lobunjiniyela be-quantum obuthatha izingcezu ezimbili ze-semiconductor bese ihlanganisa ucezu olulodwa lubheke ngaphandle. I-diode yomhubhe ihlukile ngoba ama-electron ageleza ku-semiconductor esikhundleni sokuyizungezile. Lesi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lolu hlobo lwesu luhluke kakhulu, ngoba alukho olunye uhlobo lokuthutha nge-electron kuze kube kuleli phuzu oluye lwakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi onjalo. Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ama-tunnel diode athandwa kangaka ukuthi athatha indawo encane kunezinye izinhlobo zobunjiniyela be-quantum futhi angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezindaweni eziningi.

I-Varactor diode

I-Varactor diode iyi-semiconductor esetshenziswa ku-voltage regulated variable capacitance. I-varactor diode inokuxhumana okubili, okukodwa ohlangothini lwe-anode lwe-PN junction kanti enye ohlangothini lwe-cathode lwe-PN junction. Uma usebenzisa i-voltage ku-varactor, ivumela inkambu kagesi ukuthi yakheke eshintsha ububanzi bongqimba lwawo lokuncipha. Lokhu kuzoshintsha ngempumelelo amandla ayo.

laser diode

I-laser diode iyi-semiconductor ekhipha ukukhanya okuhambisanayo, okubizwa nangokuthi ukukhanya kwe-laser. I-laser diode ikhipha imishayo yokukhanya eqondile ehambisanayo enokwehluka okuphansi. Lokhu kuphambene neminye imithombo yokukhanya, njengama-LED avamile, ukukhanya kwawo okukhishiwe kuhluke kakhulu.

Ama-laser diode asetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kokubona, amaphrinta we-laser, izikena zebhakhodi kanye nokuxhumana kwe-fiber optic.

I-diode yokucindezela edlulayo

I-transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode iyi-diode eklanyelwe ukuvikela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezidlulayo. Iyakwazi futhi ukuhlukanisa i-voltage kanye neyamanje ukuvimbela ama-voltage aphezulu ukuthi angangeni ezintweni zikagesi ze-chip. I-TVS diode ngeke iqhube phakathi nokusebenza okujwayelekile, kodwa izoqhuba kuphela ngesikhathi sesikhashana. Phakathi nesikhathi sikagesi, i-TVS diode ingasebenza ngazo zombili izipikili ezisheshayo ze-dv/dt neziqongo ezinkulu ze-dv/dt. Idivayisi ngokuvamile itholakala kumasekhethi okokufaka amasekhethi e-microprocessor, lapho icubungula amasignali okushintsha isivinini esikhulu.

Ama-diode egolide

Ama-diode egolide angatholakala kuma-capacitor, ama-rectifiers, nakwamanye amadivaysi. Lawa ma-diode asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-electronics ngoba awadingi amandla kagesi amaningi ukuze aqhube ugesi. Ama-diode afakwe ngegolide angenziwa ngezinto zohlobo lwe-p noma ze-n-type semiconductor. I-golden-doped diode iqhuba ugesi ngokuphumelelayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-diode ohlobo lwe-n.

Igolide aliyona into efanelekile ye-doping semiconductors ngoba ama-athomu egolide makhulu kakhulu ukuthi angangena kalula ngaphakathi kwamakristalu e-semiconductor. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile igolide alihlukani kahle kakhulu ku-semiconductor. Enye indlela yokwandisa ubukhulu bama-athomu egolide ukuze asakazeke iwukwengeza isiliva noma i-indium. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu esetshenziswa ukwenza ama-semiconductors ngegolide ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium borohydride, esiza ukwakha ingxubevange yegolide nesiliva ngaphakathi kwekristalu ye-semiconductor.

Ama-Diodes afakwe ngegolide avame ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuvama okuphezulu. Lawa ma-diode asiza ukunciphisa i-voltage kanye namanje ngokuthola amandla ku-EMF engemuva yokumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-diode. Ama-diode anegolide asetshenziswa emishinini efana namanethiwekhi aphikisayo, ama-laser, nama-tunnel diode.

I-Super Barrier diode

I-Super barrier diode wuhlobo lwe-diode olungasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla kagesi aphezulu. Lawa ma-diode ane-voltage eya phambili ephansi kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.

I-Super barrier diode iwuhlobo oluguquguqukayo lwe-diode njengoba ingasebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zamafrikhwensi nama-voltages. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumasekethe okushintsha amandla wezinhlelo zokusabalalisa amandla, izihlungi, iziguquli zemoto kanye nezinto zikagesi.

I-superbarrier diode yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-silicon dioxide enethusi. I-superbarrier diode inemiklamo eminingana, okuhlanganisa i-planar germanium superbarrier diode, i-junction superbarrier diode, kanye ne-isolating superbarrier diode.

I-Peltier diode

I-Peltier diode iyi-semiconductor. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ukuphendula amandla ashisayo. Le divayisi iseyintsha futhi ayikaqondwa ngokugcwele, kodwa ibonakala sengathi ingaba usizo ekuguquleni ukushisa kube ugesi. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukushisisa amanzi noma ngisho nasezimotweni. Lokhu kungavumela ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okukhiqizwa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, evame ukumosha amandla. Izophinde ivumele injini ukuthi isebenze kahle, njengoba ingadingi ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi (ngaleyo ndlela isebenzisa uphethiloli omncane), kodwa kunalokho i-Peltier diode izoguqula ukushisa kwemfucuza kube amandla.

i-crystal diode

Ama-crystal diode ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlunga amabhendi amancane, ama-oscillator noma ama-amplifiers alawulwa ngama-voltage. I-crystal diode ibhekwa njengesicelo esikhethekile somphumela we-piezoelectric. Le nqubo isiza ukukhiqiza ama-voltage namasignali amanje kusetshenziswa izakhiwo zawo ezingokwemvelo. Ama-crystal diode nawo avame ukuhlanganiswa namanye amasekethe ahlinzeka ngokukhulisa noma eminye imisebenzi ekhethekile.

I-Avalanche Diode

I-avalanche diode iyi-semiconductor ekhiqiza i-avalanche kusuka ku-electron eyodwa ukusuka kubhendi yokuqhuba kuya ebhendini ye-valence. Isetshenziswa njengesilungisisi kumasekhethi kagesi aphezulu we-DC, njengesitholi se-infrared radiation, nanjengomshini we-photovoltaic wemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Umphumela we-avalanche wandisa ukwehla kwe-voltage eya phambili kuyo yonke i-diode ukuze yenziwe ibe mncane kakhulu kune-voltage yokuwohloka.

I-Silicon Controlled Rectifier

I-Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) iyi-thyristor ene-threminal. Yakhelwe ukusebenza njengeswishi kuhhavini we-microwave ukuze ulawule amandla. Ingabangelwa i-current noma i-voltage, noma kokubili, kuye ngokulungiselelwa kokuphuma kwesango. Uma iphinikhodi yesango ingalungile, ivumela i-current ukuthi igeleze nge-SCR, futhi uma ilungile, ivimbela okwamanje ukuthi igeleze nge-SCR. Indawo yephinikhodi yesango inquma ukuthi yamanje iyadlula noma ivinjiwe uma isendaweni.

Vacuum diode

Ama-vacuum diode angolunye uhlobo lwe-diode, kodwa ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, asetshenziswa kumashubhu e-vacuum ukuze alawule ukusebenza kwamanje. I-vacuum diode ivumela i-current ukuthi igeleze nge-voltage engashintshi, kodwa futhi ibe negridi yokulawula eshintsha leyo voltage. Kuye nge-voltage kugridi yokulawula, i-vacuum diode ivumela noma imise okwamanje. Ama-diode e-vacuum asetshenziswa njengama-amplifiers nama-oscillator kumamukeli omsakazo nama-transmitters. Ziphinde zisebenze njengezilungisi eziguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC ukuze isetshenziswe ngamadivayisi kagesi.

I-PIN-diode

Ama-PIN diode awuhlobo lwe-pn junction diode. Ngokuvamile, ama-PIN ayi-semiconductor ekhombisa ukumelana okuphansi uma kusetshenziswa i-voltage kuyo. Lokhu kumelana okuphansi kuzokhula njengoba i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ikhula. Amakhodi e-PIN ane-threshold voltage ngaphambi kokuthi abe yi-conductive. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho voltage engalungile esetshenziswayo, i-diode ngeke idlule okwamanje ize ifinyelele kuleli nani. Inani lamanje eligeleza ensimbi lizoncika kumehluko ongase ube khona noma i-voltage phakathi kwamatheminali womabili, futhi ngeke kube khona ukuvuza kusuka kwesinye itheminali kuya kwesinye.

I-Point Contact Diode

I-point diode iyisisetshenziswa sendlela eyodwa esikwazi ukuthuthukisa isignali ye-RF. I-Point-Contact ibizwa nangokuthi i-non-junction transistor. Iqukethe izintambo ezimbili ezixhunywe kumpahla ye-semiconductor. Uma lezi zintambo zithinta, "iphoyinti lokuncisha" liyakhiwa lapho ama-electron angawela khona. Lolu hlobo lwe-diode lusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi nemisakazo ye-AM namanye amadivaysi ukuze akwazi ukuthola amasignali e-RF.

UDiode Hanna

I-Gunn diode iyi-diode ehlanganisa ukuhlangana okubili kwe-pn okuphikisana nokuhambisana nokuphakama kwesithiyo se-asymmetric. Lokhu kubangela ukucindezelwa okunamandla kokugeleza kwama-electron ukuya phambili, kuyilapho lamanje lisageleza libheke emuva.

Lawa madivaysi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengamajeneretha e-microwave. Zaqanjwa cishe ngo-1959 nguJ. B. Gann kanye no-A. S. Newell eRoyal Post Office e-UK, lapho igama elivela khona: "Gann" isifinyezo samagama abo, kanye "nodiode" ngoba basebenza emishinini yegesi (uNewell wayesebenza phambilini. e-Edison Institute of Communications). Bell Laboratories, lapho ayesebenza kumadivayisi semiconductor).

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okukhulu kwama-Gunn diode kwakuyisizukulwane sokuqala semishini yomsakazo yezempi yaseBrithani ye-UHF, eyaqala ukusetshenziswa cishe ngo-1965. Imisakazo ye-AM yezempi nayo yasebenzisa kakhulu ama-Gunn diode.

Isici se-Gunn diode ukuthi okwamanje yi-10-20% kuphela yaleyo ye-silicon diode evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuyo yonke i-diode cishe izikhathi ezingu-25 kune-diode evamile, ngokuvamile i-0 mV ekamelweni lokushisa i-XNUMX.

Okokufundisa kwevidiyo

Iyini i-diode - I-Electronics Tutorial Yabaqalayo

isiphetho

Sithemba ukuthi ufundile ukuthi iyini i-diode. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi le ngxenye emangalisayo isebenza kanjani, bheka izindatshana zethu ekhasini le-diode. Sithemba ukuthi uzokusebenzisa konke okufundile namanje.