Iyini i-relay, imisebenzi yayo, izinhlobo kanye nomdwebo wokuxhuma we-relay

I-relay iyingxenye kagesi engakwazi lawula ukugeleza ugesi kusekethe. I-relay ingavulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ikhishwe amandla kwesinye. Lokhu kuvumela i-relay ukuthi ivuleke futhi ivale, kanye nokuphazamisa nokubuyisela amasekhethi kagesi.

Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuyakubonisa izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu udinga ukwazi mayelana ne-relay. Ngakho-ke uma ufisa ukwazi ngama-relay, qhubeka ufunda!

Isetshenziselwa ini i-relay?

edluliselwe kungaba sebenzisa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, isiqalisi semoto sinama-relay amaningana alawula izinto ezifana nephampu kaphethiloli namakhoyili okubasa.

Babuye kakhulu ejwayelekile ezintweni zasendlini ezifana ne-toaster noma isiqandisi.

Eqinisweni, izinto eziningi zasendlini zanamuhla zine eziningi udlulise. Nokho, ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezahlukene zamadivayisi nezinhlelo, ukudluliselwa okukodwa akwanele ukufeza umgomo wokugcina. Bese kudlala ama-power relay.

Isebenza kanjani i-relay?

Ukuze i-relay isebenze, idinga izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ikhoyili yocingokuya shintsha engavula isekethe, bese usetha imininingwane yokuxhumana.

Uma i-relay ingasebenzi, i-current iyageleza ikhoyili yocingo bese ubuyela ebhethrini. Isici esiyinhloko se-relay yi-switch, engakwazi phazamisa lokhu kugeleza kukagesi. Lokhu ikwenza ngokuvula abathintwayo abathile abaphula isifunda.

Ngokulandelayo, lapho laba othintana nabo bevuliwe, kuvimbela i-current ukuthi ingagelezi. egeleza kukhoyili Sveta. Ngokungeziwe kulo msebenzi, kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zokudlulisa ezinemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene njengokulawula izinga lokushisa noma ukuvikela ukushaqeka kwemishini ebucayi.

Sithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda manje ukuthi iyini i-relay.

Ngokuvamile ama-relay avuliwe futhi avaliwe

Ngokuvamile ama-relay avuliwe amaswishi vula ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ugesi uzogeleza ngokusebenzisa iswishi uma isendaweni evulekile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-relay avaliwe ngokuvamile amaswishi lawo ivaliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awekho amandla kagesi azogeleza ngeswishi uma isendaweni evulekile.

Indlela yokuxhuma i-relay?

Uma uxhuma i-relay, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-relay kumele ibe kulawulwa ngokushintsha engakwazi ukusingatha okwamanje ukuthi i-relay izodweba. Futhi, kufanele ube nendlela yokumisa i-relay.

Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukuxhuma umhlaba intambo esuka ku-relay ukuya kusikulufa saphansi ku-chassis.

Okokugcina, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isilinganiso se-voltage ye-relay sinjalo большой enkulu noma elingana ne-voltage elinganiselwe yesekethe.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ama-relay angasetshenziswa kanjani.

Izinhlobo zokudlulisa

1. Ama-relay we-electromagnetic
2. Ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa
3. Ukudluliselwa kwe-elekthronikhi
4. Ukudluliselwa kwesikhashana
5. Ukudluliselwa komhlanga
6. Ama-relay aphezulu kagesi
7. Ukudluliselwa Kwesiginali Encane
8. Ukudluliselwa kokulibaziseka kwesikhathi
9. Ukudluliselwa kwe-Multidimensional
10. Ukudluliselwa okushisayo
11. Ukudluliselwa okuhlukile
12. Ukudluliselwa okukude
13. Ukudluliselwa kwezimoto
14. Ukudluliselwa kwemvamisa
15. Ama-Polarized Relay
16. Ama-Rotary relay
17. Ukudluliselwa okulandelanayo
18. Ihambisa ikhoyili edluliselwe
19. I-Buchholz edluliselwe
20. Ukudluliselwa kokuphepha
21. Lawula edluliselwe
22. I-Earth Fault Relay

Ama-relay we-electromagnetic

Ama-relay we-electromagnetic asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene. Zivame ukutholakala ezintweni zasendlini ezifana neziqandisi, ama-oven microwave, nama-toaster. Kulezi zimo, ngokuvamile ukudluliselwa okukodwa kulawula imisebenzi eminingi yezinsimbi. I

Kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo, njengezimoto noma imishini yezimboni, ama-relay amaningi asebenza ndawonye ukufeza umgomo. Ama-electromagnetic relays wuhlobo olujwayeleke kakhulu lokudlulisa olusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukene.

Ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa

Ku-latching relay, inkinobho yokulawula isekethe itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-relay. Lapho i-relay ingasebenzi, iyavalwa futhi ugesi ugeleze ekhoyili yocingo bese ubuyela ebhethrini, eliqedela ukujikeleza.

Kodwa-ke, lapho i-relay isetshenziselwa ukuphula isekethe, ivula abanye othintana nabo abaphula leyo seyingi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, laba othintana nabo balawulwa iswishi engaphakathi kwe-relay.

Ukuze i-relay evinjiwe isebenze kahle, kufanele kube nendlela yokuthi ukusebenza kwayo kwamanje kuzo zombili izinkomba. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uyivule futhi uyivale njengoba kudingeka.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-elekthronikhi

I-relay ye-elekthronikhi ingabonwa njengesibuyekezo kuma-relay wendabuko kagesi. Inzuzo yokudluliswa kwe-elekthronikhi ukuthi ingalawulwa isignali ekude, okusho ukuthi inkinobho eyodwa kuphela edinga ukuba ngaphakathi kwethuluzi. Lokhu kuvumela noma yiziphi izilawuli zangaphandle ukuthi zilawule idivayisi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi.

Nakuba zibiza kakhulu kunokudluliselwa kwendabuko, kulula kakhulu ukuzifaka ngocingo futhi zenze ukuhlola kube lula kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kudinga iswishi eyodwa kuphela ukuthi isetshenziswe esikhundleni sokubili noma ngaphezulu, okungenza kube nzima ukuxhuma kumadivayisi athile.

Ukudluliselwa kwesikhashana

Ukudluliselwa kwesikhashana kufana kakhulu nokuxhumanisa ama-latching ngoba kokubili kudinga ikhoyili yocingo, iswishi yesekethe, noxhumana nabo ukuze uvule isekethe. Nokho, abathintwayo abahlali bevulekile, kodwa bavale ngokushesha lapho ugesi ucima.

Lezi zinhlobo zokudlulisa zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingekile ukuqedela umjikelezo bese uwususa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba umsebenzi usuqediwe. Yingakho lezi zindlela ezidluliswayo zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-alamu ezimoto nama-remote ezimoto ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza ngisho nangaphandle kwamabhethri ngoba asikho isidingo sokugcina i-circuit evulekile.

Ukudluliselwa komhlanga

I-relay yomhlanga ifana ne-electromagnetic relay ngoba inekhoyili, othintana nabo, nozibuthe osebenza njengeswishi yokuvula noma ukuvala isekethe.

Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuthi lo uzibuthe ube maphakathi nedivayisi, njengasekudlulisweni kwendabuko, utholakala ekugcineni kwawo. Ukuze uqedele umjikelezo, udinga nje ukuxhuma iziphetho ezimbili zokushintsha komhlanga, okubangela ukuthi uzibuthe uthinte futhi uqedele umjikelezo. Lokhu kusebenza ngokufanayo ekushintsheni ngokuthi lapho nje othintana naye elahlekile, ukugeleza kwamanje ngakho-ke kuqeda ukujikeleza.

Ama-relay aphezulu kagesi

I-high voltage relay iwuhlobo lwe-relay ekwazi ukumelana nama-voltage aphezulu.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lokudlulisela lunokwahlukanisa okwengeziwe kulo lonke idivayisi ukuze lusivikele ekuthuthumeleni okungalindelekile. Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi lezi zidluliseli zilungele ukusetshenziswa kumasekhethi aphezulu kagesi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka isilinganiso samandla kagesi aphezulu emkhiqizweni ngaphambi kokuthenga i-relay.

Ukudluliselwa Kwesiginali Encane

Ukudluliselwa kwamasignali amancane kuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokwelapha ukulawula ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi. Lezi zishintshi ze-relay ziyakwazi ukuphatha ama-voltage aphansi kakhulu kunama-voltage aphezulu, okuwenza aphephe ukusetshenziswa ezintweni ezibucayi.

Okubi kuphela ukuthi lezi zinguquko ezincane zokudlulisa isignali zinkulu impela futhi zikhulu, ngakho azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi amancane ahlangene afana nomakhalekhukhwini.

Ukudluliselwa kokulibaziseka kwesikhathi

Ukudluliselwa kokulibaziseka kwesikhathi kufana nezishintshi zokulibaziseka zokuvula/ukuvala ngoba zisebenzisa inani elincane lamanje ukuze zibambe isifunda sivuliwe isikhathi esifushane.

Lokhu kuzenza zibe zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ithuluzi kufanele livalwe ebusuku noma ngezinye izikhathi lapho lingadingeki.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-Multidimensional

I-multidimensional relay iwuhlobo lwe-relay enabathintwayo abangu-3 noma ngaphezulu futhi ingenza uhla lwemisebenzi.

Lolu hlobo lwe-relay lunenzuzo yokuthi inkinobho eyodwa kuphela edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe imisebenzi eminingi, ukonga isikhala kanye nezintambo. Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi izingxenye zivame ukushibhile kunokudluliselwa kwendabuko.

Ukudluliselwa okushisayo

Ukudluliselwa okushisayo kwaziwa njengokuzilawula ngakho-ke akudingi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Lo mklamo unikeza indlela engabizi futhi enokwethenjelwa engasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezimboni noma ezentengiselwano.

Okuwukuphela kwe-drawback ukuthi ama-thermal relays amakhulu ngakho-ke awafanele ukusetshenziswa kumasekhethi amancane.

Ukudluliselwa okuhlukile

Ukudluliselwa okuhlukile kuwuhlobo oluthokozisayo lwe-relay olunoxhumana nabo ababili ohlangothini olulodwa kumasekhethi anamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nokuxhumana okubili kolunye uhlangothi lwamasekhethi kagesi aphansi.

Lokhu kunenzuzo ngoba kunganikeza abakhiqizi ukonga kwezindleko ezibalulekile njengoba bedinga kuphela ukukhiqiza ukudluliselwa okukodwa esikhundleni sokubili.

Ukuhwebelana ukuthi lo mklamo awusebenzi kahle kumasekhethi amaningi aqukethe kokubili izingxenye zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi.

Ukudluliselwa okukude

Ama-relay amabanga awuhlobo oluhlukile lwe-relay olukwazi ukudlulisa amasignali ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwelinye. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili liwukuphela komkhawulo walezi zinhlobo zamasiginali, okuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ebangeni elide.

Inzuzo ethile yalolu hlobo lwe-relay ukuthi ayidingi ukunikezwa kwamandla ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kwenza kube inketho esebenzayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezohwebo nezimboni.

Ukudluliselwa kwezimoto

Ukudluliselwa kwezimoto kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ukuvula noma ukuvala izingxenye ezithile zenjini, ezilawulwa ikhompuyutha yangaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-relay lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni amasekhethi ekukhuphukeni kwamandla ngoba aludingi amandla engeziwe ukuze lusebenze.

Ububi ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwezimoto kuklanywe kucatshangwa ngezidingo ezithile futhi akukwazi ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla kagesi aphansi noma aphezulu.

Ukudluliselwa kwemvamisa

Amafrikhwensi adluliselwe ahlukile ngoba asebenzisa idivayisi eyaziwa ngokuthi ikristalu ye-quartz.

Lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa kumjikelezo, ikristalu izodlidliza ngemvamisa efanayo nokokufaka. Lokhu kuvumela ukushintsha okunembile nokusheshayo phakathi kwama-voltages amabili ahlukene, okungaba wusizo kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Lezi zinhlobo zama-relay zintsha uma kuqhathaniswa emakethe futhi azikakasetshenziswa kabanzi embonini emikhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uzicwaninge ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga.

Ama-Polarized Relay

Ukudluliselwa kwe-polarized kuwuhlobo oluhlukile lwe-relay olukwazi ukulawula kokubili i-AC ne-DC. Ekwakhiweni, othintana nabo be-changeover bahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, ezingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela komunye nomunye ukwenza umsebenzi wesifunda ngogesi we-DC.

Lolu hlobo lwe-relay lusebenza kahle ngoba lusebenza kuphela ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-voltage, kodwa lungase lungasebenzi njengezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kumasekhethi athile.

Ama-Rotary relay

I-rotary relay iwuhlobo lwe-relay eklanyelwe ukusebenzisa i-AC kodwa futhi ingasebenza ne-DC. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma othintana nabo ngabanye ku-contactor.

Lokhu kunenzuzo ngoba kufanele kuphela ibhekane nohlobo olulodwa lwe-voltage, okusiza ukwenza lula inqubo yokuyisebenzisela izinhlelo ezithile.

Ukudluliselwa okulandelanayo

I-relay elandelanayo iwuhlobo lokudluliswayo olungathatha okokufaka okuningi futhi likulandelele ngokulandelana okubekwe kusekethe.

Lo mklamo unenzuzo ezinhlelweni zezimboni ngoba awudingi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Ingase futhi ihlelwe ngezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene, okusho ukuthi ngokuvamile kukhona eyodwa kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye.

Ububi ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zama-relay azifaneleki kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-voltage ephezulu noma ephansi njengoba zineqoqo elilodwa loxhumana nabo, okukhawulela ukusebenza kwazo.

Ihambisa ikhoyili edluliselwe

I-coil relay ehambayo iwuhlobo lwe-relay olungashintsha phakathi kwamazinga kagesi amabili ahlukene, futhi bakwenza ngokushesha okukhulu.

Le relay ivame ukusetshenziswa ngoba isekethe idinga isethi eyodwa kuphela yokuxhumana ukuze ishintshe ukuze isebenze.

I-Buchholz edluliselwe

I-Buchholz relay iyisisetshenziswa esishintshayo sikagesi esisekela ukushintshashintsha kwamandla. Isebenza ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamanje kukhoyili eyodwa lapho i-voltage kwenye ikhoyili ifinyelela izinga elithile.

Wonke ama-relay avalelwe endlini evalekile ukuze avikeleke ekugqwaleni nasezinhlayiyeni zothuli.

Ukudluliselwa kokuphepha

I-relay yokuphepha iwuhlobo lokudlulisela oluklanyelwe ukuphazamisa amandla amanje lapho izinga elithile lifinyelelwa. Enye yezinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-relay okuphepha ukuthi asebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. 

Lawula edluliselwe

Umphathi odluliswayo uwukudluliswa kwemali okwenzelwe ukwengamela okunye ukudluliselwa kusekethe. Zivame ukusetshenziswa lapho isekethe iqukethe izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokudlulisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni noma ezentengiso.

Inzuzo yokuba nalolu hlobo lwe-relay yukuthi ivimbela amaphutha okuxhumana ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudluliselwa kumjikelezo.

Lolu hlobo lwe-relay lungasiza futhi ukulawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene, kwenze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni nezohwebo.

Okunye okungalungile ukuthi zisebenzisa amandla amaningi kunamasekhethi ebanga lezimboni noma ezentengiso ezijwayelekile ngoba lezi zinhlobo zama-relay zivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

I-Earth Fault Relay

I-Ground fault relays isebenza ukuthola umehluko we-voltage phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene zesekethe.

Enye indlela abayisebenzisayo ukwenza lokhu iwukuhlola ukuthi amandla akhona ngesikhathi esisodwa kumjikelezo adlula lokho okulindeleke kuleyo ngxenye yesifunda. Uma kunjalo, kungase kwenzeke iphutha eliphansi elizonqamula amandla okuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi.

Ububi balolu hlobo lwe-relay ukuthi bayakwazi ukubona kuphela amaphutha omhlaba ohlelweni lwesigaba esisodwa noma ezimbili futhi abakwazi ukukubona ohlelweni lwezigaba ezintathu.

Iphinde ithembele ekhonweni lokukala ugesi kunowamanje, okungaholela kwezinye zezinkinga zayo zokungakwazi ukubona amaphutha ezigaba ezintathu.

Indlela yokulawula i-relay?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokulawula i-relay. Enye iwukusebenzisa iswishi yokulawula, ngokuvamile okuyi-toggle switch noma iswishi ye-rocker. Enye indlela yokulawula i-relay ukusebenzisa isilawuli sokuxhumana, esisebenzisa iswishi evame ukuvuleka noma evalekile ukuze ulawule i-relay. Okokugcina, ungasebenzisa isilawuli sokushintsha, esisebenzisa idivayisi yokushintsha kagesi ukuze ulawule ukudluliswa kwemali.

Umlando we-relay

UJoseph Henry wayengumsunguli we-relay kagesi. I-relay yokuqala ayidala ngo-1835 yayiqukethe ithiphu yensimbi ejikelezayo kanye nepuleti lensimbi. Intambo evela kukhoyili ithinta ichopho lensimbi, okwenza ukuthi ukushajwa kukagesi kudluliselwe epuleti lensimbi. I-metal plate yayingase iqedele ukujikeleza, inikeze amandla kwezinye izintambo ezazixhunywe kuyo. Lokhu kudluliswa bekulula kakhulu ngoba kunikeze umfutho owodwa kuphela ukuqala amanye amadivaysi.

UJoseph Henry wadala ukuthunyelwa kukagesi okokuqala ngo-1835 wabe esethuthukisa umklamo ngokuwusebenzisa ku-telegraphy. Kanye nokudala lokhu kudluliswa kwemali, uHenry wabuye wasebenzisa ukusungula kwakhe ngezinjongo zokuhlola, njengokukhanyisa enye yezindlu zakhe ngohlelo lwakhe locingo olusanda kwakhiwa. U-Henry uphinde wenza umqondo wokudluliselana waziwe kabanzi kubantu abaningi ukuze bakwazi ukunwebeka kuwo futhi bazenzele ezabo izinguqulo zedivayisi.

Ukusungulwa kukaHenry kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngaphandle kwemizila kagesi, ukuphila kwanamuhla bekuyoba okuhluke kakhulu. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhompiyutha, kokubili ku-software kanye ne-hardware, nakwamanye amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi afana nomabonakude kanye nezivula ezizenzakalelayo zegaraji. Indlela kaHenry yasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlobo eziningi zokudluliswa kwezintambo, njengezibuthe (ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zocingo), okomshini (okusetshenziselwa ama-alamu), nezinkomba zezinga lamanzi.

UJoseph Henry wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni ama-relay kagesi, wadala i-relay yokuqala futhi wasiza abantu abaningi ukuba basungule izinhlobo ezintsha zalawa madivaysi. Ngaphandle kukaJoseph Henry, impilo yesimanje izohluka njengoba siyazi manje, kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu kuyo yonke into kusukela kumakhompyutha kuya kuma-alamu. Ekuphetheni, le ndoda yayingumuntu obalulekile emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe, ongagcini nje ngokushintsha ukudluliselwa, kodwa futhi wasiza abanye abantu ukuba bathuthukise le divayisi.

UJoseph Henry kuthiwa wasungula i-relay kagesi ngo-1835. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kweBryant's Electricity and Magnetism, kwaba umsizi kaJoseph Henry owaqhamuka nombono wokusebenzisa intambo edlidlizayo njengesishintshi sikagesi. Umsizi kwakunguLeonard Gale, owayesebenza noHenry ngombono wokusebenzisa ukudluliselwa ngocingo. Nokho, ngemva nje konyaka, uJoseph Henry wakha umshini kagesi owawungasetshenziswa ekubhaleni ucingo futhi wawusebenza kahle kakhulu kunalokho uGale ayekuqhamuke nakho.

Ukusungula kukaHenry i-relay kagesi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kwakuvumela amandla ukuba adluliselwe ezindaweni ezide. Ngaphambi kokuthi lolu cingo ludalwe, amasistimu e-telegraph ayenqunyelwe amandla ayengawasebenzisa, okwakudala izinkinga ekudluliseni ulwazi ngenxa yenani lamandla adingekayo. Ngokuba nomshini ovumela amandla ukuthi adluliselwe ezindaweni ezinkulu, uhlelo lwe-telegraph lwakwazi ukuthuthuka kakhulu, lwavumela ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- Henry relay iphinde yasiza ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zocingo kanye nezinhlelo zama-alamu asekhaya, okwenza kwabaluleka kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene.

Isifundo sevidiyo mayelana nokuthi iyini i-relay

Iyini i-relay - Electronics Tutorial Kwabaqalayo