Iyini i-resistor? Uphawu, Izinhlobo, Vimba, Izinhlelo zokusebenza

I-resistor iyisici sikagesi esinamatheminali amabili yokusungula kagesi ukumelana njengengxenye yesifunda ukuze kukhawulwe ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi. Isetshenziswa kumasekethe e-elekthronikhi ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi, ukunciphisa kwamanje, ukucindezelwa komsindo nokuhlunga.

Kodwa resistor okuningi okuningi kunalokhu. Ngakho-ke uma umusha kuma-electronics noma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi iyini i-resistor, khona-ke lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kungokwakho!

Yenzani i-resistor kusekethe ye-elekthronikhi?

I-resistor iyingxenye ye-elekthronikhi ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanje kumjikelezo futhi kumelana nokugeleza kukagesi. Ama-resistors avimbela ukukhuphuka, ukukhuphuka kanye nokuphazamiseka ekufinyeleleni izinto zikagesi ezibucayi ezifana nemishini kagesi eyidijithali.

Uphawu lokumelana neyunithi

Iyunithi yokumelana yi Ahm (isimboli Ω).

Izici zokumelana

Ama-resistors ayizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi khawula ukugeleza amandla kagesi enani elinikeziwe. Amatheminali alula kakhulu anamatheminali amabili, eyodwa yawo ebizwa ngokuthi "itheminali evamile" noma "itheminali ephansi" kanti enye ibizwa ngokuthi "itheminali ephansi". Ama-resistors ayizingxenye ezisekelwe ocingweni, kodwa amanye amajiyometri asetshenzisiwe.

Ngithemba manje usuqonda kangcono ukuthi iyini i-resistor.

Okubili okuvame kakhulu izibalo zejometri ziyibhulokhi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-chip resistor" kanye nenkinobho ebizwa ngokuthi "i-carbon compound resistor".

Ama-resistors ane imivimbo enemibala emizimbeni yabo ukukhombisa izindinganiso zabo zokumelana.

Ikhodi yombala we-resistor

Ama-resistors azofakwa ngekhodi yombala ukuwamela ubuningi bukagesi. Isekelwe esimisweni sekhodi esasungulwa ekuqaleni ngeminyaka yawo-1950 yi-United Electronic Component Manufacturers Association. Ikhodi iqukethe amabha amathathu anemibala, akhombisa amadijithi abalulekile ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla, inombolo yoziro kanye nobubanzi bokubekezelela.

Nali ithebula lamakhodi ombala we-resistor.

Ungasebenzisa futhi i-resistor color code calculator.

Izinhlobo zokuphikisa

Izinhlobo ze-resistor zitholakala ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene I-Размеры, amafomu, amandla alinganiselwe и imikhawulo kagesi. Ukwazi uhlobo lwe-resistor kubalulekile lapho ukhetha i-resistor yesifunda ngoba udinga ukwazi ukuthi izosabela kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

I-carbon resistor

I-carbon compound resistor ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuphikisa ezisetshenziswa namuhla. Inokuqina okuhle kwezinga lokushisa, ukusebenza komsindo ophansi futhi ingasetshenziswa ebangeni elibanzi lefrikhwensi. Ama-resistors ayinhlanganisela ye-Carbon azenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulahla amandla aphezulu.

metal ifilimu resistor

I-resistor yefilimu yensimbi ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-sputtered coating ku-aluminium esebenza njengento ekwazi ukumelana nomzimba, enezendlalelo ezengeziwe ukuze inikeze isivikelo sokushisa ekushiseni, kanye ne-condative coating ukuqedela iphakheji. Kuye ngohlobo, i-resistor yefilimu yensimbi ingaklanywa ukunemba okuphezulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

I-Carbon film resistor

Lesi sici siyafana ekwakhiweni kwe-resistor yefilimu yensimbi, ngaphandle kokuthi iqukethe izendlalelo ezengeziwe ze-insulating materials phakathi kwe-resissive element kanye ne-conductive coatings ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekushiseni namanje. Kuye ngohlobo, i-carbon film resistor ingadizayinelwa ukunemba okuphezulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

Ukumelana nenxeba ngentambo

Leli yigama lokubamba lanoma isiphi isikhali lapho isici sokumelana senziwe ngocingo kunefilimu elincanyana njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Ama-Resistant Wirewound avame ukusetshenziswa lapho isixhasi kufanele simelane noma sihlakaze amazinga aphezulu wamandla.

I-high voltage variable resistor

Lesi sici esiphikisayo sinekhabhoni kunesici sokumelana nefilimu elincanyana futhi sisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

I-Potentiometer

I-potentiometer ingacatshangwa njengama-resistors amabili aguquguqukayo axhunywe ku-anti-parallel. Ukumelana phakathi kwemikhondo emibili yangaphandle kuzoshintsha njengoba i-wiper ihamba eduze kwegayidi kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa umkhawulo ophezulu kanye nobuncane.

i-thermistor

Le resistor ine-coefficient yokushisa enhle, okwenza ukumelana kwayo kwande ngokushisa okwandayo. Ezimweni eziningi, isetshenziswa ngenxa ye-coefficient yayo yokushisa engalungile yokumelana, lapho ukumelana kwayo kuncipha ngokushisa okwandayo.

i-varistor

Lesi resistor siklanyelwe ukuvikela amasekhethi kuma-voltage aphezulu ngokunikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu bese sikwehlisela kunani eliphansi kuma-voltage aphezulu. I-varistor izoqhubeka nokuchitha amandla kagesi asetshenzisiwe njengokushisa kuze kube yilapho ephuka.

Ama-SMD resistors

Bona amancane, azidingi izindawo ezifakwayo ukuze zifakwe futhi zingasetshenziswa kakhulu high density mesh. Ububi bezinto eziphikisayo ze-SMD ukuthi zinendawo encane echitha ukushisa kunezinqamuleli zembobo, ngakho amandla azo ayancipha.

Ama-SMD resistors ngokuvamile enziwa kusukela i-ceramic izinto zokwakha.

Izimbangi ze-SMD ngokuvamile zincane kakhulu kunezinqamuleli zembobo ngoba azidingi amapuleti akhwezayo noma izimbobo ze-PCB ukuze zifakwe. Baphinde bathathe isikhala esincane se-PCB, okuholela ekuminyana kwesifunda okuphezulu.

Firm iphutha Ukusetshenziswa kwama-SMD resistors ukuthi anendawo encane kakhulu yokukhipha ukushisa kunezimbobo, ngakho amandla azo ayancipha. Nabo futhi nzima kakhudlwana ukukhiqiza kanye solder ukwedlula ama-resistors ngenxa yezintambo zazo zomthofu ezizacile kakhulu.

I-SMD resistors yethulwa okokuqala ekugcineni 1980s. Kusukela lapho, kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obuncane, obunembe kakhudlwana bokumelana ne-resistor, obufana ne-Metal Glazed Resistor Networks (MoGL) kanye ne-Chip Resistor Arrays (CRA), okuholele ekwehliseni okwengeziwe kwezimbangi ze-SMD.

Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe be-SMD Resistor bubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu be-resistor; kuyashesha ubuchwepheshe obubusayo. Izinqamuleli ze-Phhole hole ziba umlando ngokushesha njengoba manje sezigcinelwe kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-niche ezifana nomsindo wemoto, ukukhanya kwesiteji kanye nezinsimbi "zakudala".

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-resistors

Ama-resistors asetshenziswa kumabhodi esekethe emisakazo, omabonakude, izingcingo, imishini yokubala, amathuluzi namabhethri. 

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokuphikisa, ngayinye enesethi yayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ezinye izibonelo zokusebenzisa ama-resistors:

• Amadivayisi okuvikela: Ingasetshenziselwa ukuvikela amadivaysi emonakalweni ngokukhawulela okwamanje okugeleza kuwo.
• Ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi: Ingasetshenziswa ukulawula i-voltage kusekethe.
• Ukulawula izinga lokushisa: Ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinga lokushisa ledivayisi ngokukhipha ukushisa.
• Ukuncishiswa kwesignali: Ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa noma ukunciphisa amandla esignali.

Ama-resistors asetshenziswa nasezintweni eziningi ezijwayelekile zasendlini. Ezinye izibonelo zamadivayisi asekhaya:

• Ama-light: I-resistor isetshenziswa kusibani sokukhanyisa ukuze kuqondiswe umsinga nokudala ukukhanya okungaguquki.
• Ohhavini: I-resistor isetshenziswa kuhhavini ukuze kukhawulwe inani lamanje ngesici sokushisa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela i-elementi ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi ilimaze ihhavini.
• Amathosta: I-resistor isetshenziswa ku-toaster ukuze kukhawulwe inani lamanje elidlula endaweni yokushisa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela i-elementi ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi ilimaze i-toaster.
• Abenzi bekhofi: I-resistor isetshenziswa kumenzi wekhofi ukukhawulela inani lamanje ngesici sokushisisa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela i-elementi ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi ilimaze umenzi wekhofi.

Ama-resistors ayingxenye ebalulekile ye-digital electronics futhi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okubekezelelana, ama-wattages kanye namanani okumelana.

Indlela yokusebenzisa ama-resistors kumjikelezo

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuzisebenzisa kumjikelezo kagesi.

• Ama-resistors ochungechungeni kukhona resistors lapho wamanje wesifunda kufanele ugeleze nge-resistor ngayinye. Axhunywe ochungechungeni, nge-resistor eyodwa eduze kwesinye. Lapho ama-resistors amabili noma ngaphezulu exhunywe ochungechungeni, ukumelana okuphelele kwesekethe kuyanda ngokuya ngomthetho:

Robsch = R1 + R2 + ………Rн

• Ama-resistors ngokuhambisana ama-resistors axhunywe kumagatsha ahlukene wesekethe kagesi. Ziyaziwa nangokuthi ama-resistors axhunyiwe afanayo. Lapho ama-resistors amabili noma ngaphezulu exhunywe ngokuhambisana, abelana ngenani eliphelele eligeleza kumjikelezo ngaphandle kokushintsha i-voltage yawo.

Ukuze uthole ukumelana okulingana kwama-resitors afanayo, sebenzisa le fomula:

1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ……..1/rn

I-voltage ku-resistor ngayinye kufanele ifane. Isibonelo, uma ama-resistors amane angu-100 ohm exhunywe ngokuhambisana, khona-ke zozine zizoba nokumelana okulingana kwama-ohm angu-25.

Ukudlula kwamanje kumjikelezo kuzohlala kufana nokuthi kusetshenziswe i-resistor eyodwa. I-voltage enqamula i-resistor ngayinye engu-100 ohm ihliswa ngohhafu, ngakho esikhundleni sama-volts angu-400, i-resistor ngayinye manje inama-volts angu-25 kuphela.

Umthetho ka-Ohm

Umthetho ka-Ohm elula kakhulu yonke imithetho yamasekhethi kagesi. Ithi "i-current edlula ku-conductor phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili ilingana ngokuqondile nomehluko we-voltage phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili futhi ihambisana ngokuphambene nokumelana phakathi kwawo."

V = I x R noma V/I = R

kuphi,

V = i-voltage (volts)

I = yamanje (ama-amps)

R = ukumelana (ohm)

Kunezinguqulo ezi-3 zomthetho we-Ohm ezinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa. Inketho yokuqala ingasetshenziswa ukubala ukwehla kwamandla kagesi endaweni eyaziwayo.

Inketho yesibili ingasetshenziswa ukubala ukumelana kokwehla kwe-voltage okwaziwayo.

Futhi kunketho yesithathu, ungakwazi ukubala okwamanje.

Isifundo sevidiyo mayelana nokuthi iyini i-resistor

Iyini i-resistor - I-Electronics Tutorial Yabaqalayo

Okuningi mayelana nama-resistors.

isiphetho

Siyabonga ngokufunda! Ngithemba ukuthi ufunde ukuthi iyini i-resistor nokuthi ilawula kanjani ukuhamba kwamandla. Uma ukuthola kunzima ukufunda izinto zikagesi, ungakhathazeki. Sinokunye okuningi okubhalwe kubhulogi namavidiyo okukufundisa okuyisisekelo kwe-electronics.