Injini ye-diesel viscosity yamafutha. Amakilasi nemithethonqubo
Okuqukethwe
Kungani izidingo zezinjini zikadizili ziphakeme kunezinjini zikaphethiloli?
Izinjini zikadizili zisebenza ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu kunezinjini zikaphethiloli. Egunjini elivuthayo lenjini ye-diesel, isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi, ngokufanele, umthwalo wemishini kuma-crankshafts, ama-liner, izinduku zokuxhuma nama-pistons uphakeme kunenjini kaphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bezimoto babeka izidingo ezikhethekile kumingcele yokusebenza yamafutha ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zedizili.
Okokuqala, uwoyela wenjini yenjini ye-diesel kufanele unikeze ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kwama-liner, amasongo e-piston kanye nezindonga zesilinda ekugqokeni komshini. Okusho ukuthi, ubukhulu befilimu kawoyela namandla ayo kufanele kube okwanele ukumelana nokwanda kwemithwalo yemishini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizindawo zokugcoba nokuzivikela.
Futhi, uwoyela we-diesel wezimoto zanamuhla, ngenxa yokwethulwa okukhulu kwezihlungi zezinhlayiya ezinhlelweni zokukhipha umoya, kufanele kube nobuncane bokuqukethwe komlotha we-sulfate. Uma kungenjalo, isihlungi sezinhlayiya sizovaleka ngokushesha ngemikhiqizo evuthayo eqinile evela kumafutha omlotha. Amafutha anjalo ahlukaniswa ngisho ngokwehlukana ngokwe-API (CI-4 ne-CJ-4) kanye ne-ACEA (Cx ne-Ex).
Indlela yokufunda i-dizeli viscosity ngendlela efanele?
Iningi lamafutha esimanje ezinjini zikadizili anesimo sezulu sonke kanye nendawo yonke. Okusho ukuthi, afaneleka ngokulinganayo ukusebenza kuma-ICE kaphethiloli, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani eziningi zikawoyela negesi zisakhiqiza amafutha ahlukene aklanyelwe izinjini zikadizili.
I-viscosity yamafutha e-SAE, ngokuphambene nokungaqondi kahle okuvamile, kubonisa kuphela i-viscosity ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Futhi izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kwalo lilinganiselwe isigaba se-viscosity samafutha kuphela ngokungaqondile. Isibonelo, uwoyela we-diesel nge-SAE 5W-40 class unamapharamitha wokusebenza alandelayo:
- i-kinematic viscosity ku-100 ° C - kusukela ku-12,5 kuya ku-16,3 cSt;
- uwoyela uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzophonswa ngohlelo ngepompo emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -35 °C;
- okokugcoba kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi akufanele kuqiniswe phakathi kwama-liner namajenali e-crankshaft ezingeni lokushisa okungenani elingu -30 ° C.
Mayelana ne-viscosity kawoyela, ukumaka kwayo i-SAE kanye nencazelo eshumekiwe, awukho umehluko phakathi kwezinjini zikadizili nezikaphethiloli.
Amafutha e-diesel ane-viscosity ye-5W-40 azokuvumela ukuthi uqale ngokuphepha injini ebusika emazingeni okushisa afika ku--35 ° C. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa elizungezile lithinta ngokungaqondile izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwemoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushuba kokususwa kokushisa kuncipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuphinde kuthinte i-viscosity yamafutha. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yehlobo yenkomba ikhombisa ngokungaqondile izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elivumelekile lokusebenza kwamafutha enjini. Esigabeni 5W-40, izinga lokushisa le-ambient akumele lidlule +40 °C.
Yini ethinta i-viscosity kawoyela?
I-viscosity yamafutha e-diesel ithinta ikhono le-lubricant ukudala ifilimu evikelayo ezingxenyeni zokuhlikihla kanye nasezikhaleni phakathi kwazo. Uma amafutha ashubile, ifilimu iba mkhulu futhi inokwethenjelwa, kodwa kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi ingene ezikhaleni ezincane phakathi kwezindawo zokukhwelana.
Inketho engcono kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-viscosity yamafutha yenjini ye-diesel ukulandela imiyalelo yokusebenza kwemoto. Umkhiqizi wezimoto, ngokungafani nanoma ubani omunye, wazi zonke izinkimbinkimbi zomklamo wemoto futhi uyaqonda ukuthi iyiphi i-viscosity edingwa yi-lubricant.
Kukhona umkhuba onjalo: eduze kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200-300, uthele amafutha e-viscous amaningi kunalokho okunconywa ngumkhiqizi. Lokhu kwenza umqondo othile. Ngamakhilomitha amaningi, izingxenye zenjini ziyaguga, futhi igebe phakathi kwazo liyakhula. Amafutha enjini aminyene azosiza ukudala ukujiya kwefilimu okufanele futhi asebenze kangcono ezikhaleni ezikhuliswe ukuguga.
