Hlola izinjini zikaphethiloli nezidizili ezinjinini ezingabodwa noma ezinjinini ze-HCCI: Ingxenye 2

AbakwaMazda bathi bazoba ngabokuqala ukuyisebenzisa kwi-series

Ngamagesi ahlanzekile afana nophethiloli nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kadizili. Le ndatshana imayelana nokuthi kwenzekani lapho kuklanywa injini ekahle enokuxubana okufana nokuzimela ngesikhathi sokuminyaniswa. Abaqambi bamane bakubize nge-HCCI.

Ukuqoqwa kolwazi

Izisekelo zezinqubo ezinjalo zibuyela emuva eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa, lapho unjiniyela waseJapane u-Onishi ethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bakhe "Umlilo osebenzayo ku-thermo-atmosphere". Egcekeni, i-1979 yisikhathi senkinga kawoyela yesibili kanye nemikhawulo yokuqala eqinile yezomthetho yemvelo yemvelo, futhi inhloso kanjiniyela ukuletha izithuthuthu ezinemivimbo emibili ezazivamile ngaleso sikhathi ukuze zihambisane nalezi zidingo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kumodi yomthwalo okhanyayo nengxenye, inani elikhulu lamagesi okukhipha umoya ligcinwa kumasilinda amayunithi anezinhlangothi ezimbili, futhi umqondo womklami waseJapan ukuguqula ukuntula kwawo kube yizinzuzo ngokwakha i- inqubo yokushiswa lapho amagesi ayinsalela kanye nezinga lokushisa likaphethiloli eliphezulu kuhlangana khona umsebenzi owusizo.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, onjiniyela bethimba le-Onishi bakwazile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obucishe bushintshe ngokwabo, obuqala inqubo yomlilo ezenzakalelayo eyanciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwesisi esikhipha umoya. Nokho, baphinde bathola ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokwembulwa kwentuthuko, izinqubo ezifanayo zaboniswa yiToyota, Mitsubishi neHonda. Abaqambi bamangala ngokushelela ngokweqile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukushiswa kwesivinini esiphezulu kuma-prototypes, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa okuyingozi. Ngo-1983, kwavela amasampula e-laboratory yokuqala ye-four-stroke self-ignition injini, lapho ukulawulwa kwenqubo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesilinganiso sezingxenye kuphethiloli osetshenzisiwe kwaziwa ngokuphelele. Nokho, ukuhlaziya lezi zinqubo ngandlela-thile bakudala, ngoba kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi kulolu hlobo injini zenziwa ngenxa kinetics izinqubo zamakhemikhali, futhi izenzakalo ezingokomzimba ezifana ukuxuba nesiyaluyalu azibalulekile. Kwakungama-80s lapho izisekelo zabekwa khona amamodeli okuhlaziya okuqala ezinqubo ezisekelwe ekucindezelweni, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuhlushwa kwamafutha kanye nezingxenye zomoya kumthamo wekamelo. Abaqambi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukusebenza kwalolu hlobo lwenjini kungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukuthungela nokukhululwa kwamandla e-volumetric. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yocwaningo kukhombisa ukuthi ukuzithungela kuqalwa yizinqubo zamakhemikhali ezandulela izinga lokushisa eliphansi elifanayo (ezenzeka ngaphansi kwamadigri angu-700 ngokwakhiwa kwama-peroxides) abangela ukushiswa okulimazayo kokuqhunyiswa kwezinjini zikaphethiloli, kanye nezinqubo zokukhulula amandla amakhulu. izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. futhi zenziwa ngaphezu kwalo mkhawulo wezinga lokushisa elinemibandela.

Kuyacaca ukuthi umsebenzi kufanele ugxile ekutadisheni nasekucwaningweni kwemiphumela yezinguquko esakhiweni samakhemikhali kanye nokubunjwa kwenkokhelo ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa nokucindezela. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukulawula ukuqala okubandayo nokusebenza ngomthwalo omkhulu kulezi zindlela, onjiniyela baphendukela ekusebenziseni i-spark plug. Ukuhlola okusebenzayo futhi kuqinisekisa inkolelo-mbono yokuthi ukusebenza kahle kuphansi uma kusebenza ngophethiloli wedizili, njengoba isilinganiso sokucindezela kufanele sibe phansi ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ekucindezelweni okuphezulu, inqubo yokuzithungela kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu. ukucindezela ukushaywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvela ukuthi uma usebenzisa uphethiloli we-diesel, kunezinkinga zokuhwamuka kwezingxenye ezivuthayo ze-diesel fuel, nokuthi ukusabela kwabo kwamakhemikhali angaphambi komlilo kuzwakala kakhulu kunophethiloli we-octane ephezulu. Futhi elinye iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu - kuvela ukuthi izinjini ze-HCCI zisebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezifika ku-50% wamagesi asele ezingxubeni ezihambisanayo ezithambile kumasilinda. Kusukela kukho konke lokhu kulandela ukuthi uphethiloli ulungele kakhulu ukusebenza kulolu hlobo lwamayunithi futhi ukuthuthukiswa kuqondiswe kulokhu.

Izinjini zokuqala eziseduze nemboni yezimoto yangempela, lapho lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngempumelelo khona, zalungiswa izinjini ze-VW 1,6-litre ngo-1992. Ngosizo lwabo, abaklami abavela eWolfsburg bakwazile ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngo-34% ngomthwalo omncane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngo-1996, ukuqhathanisa okuqondile kwenjini ye-HCCI nophethiloli kanye nenjini yedizili ejojwe ngqo kukhombisile ukuthi izinjini ze-HCCI zikhombise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi kakhulu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-NOx ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinhlelo zokujova ezibizayo. kumafutha.

Kwenzakalani namhlanje

Namuhla, yize kuneziyalezo zokwehliswa, uGM uyaqhubeka nokwakha izinjini ze-HCCI, futhi inkampani ikholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lomshini luzosiza ukuthuthukisa injini kaphethiloli. Umbono ofanayo uphethwe ngonjiniyela bakwaMazda, kepha sizokhuluma ngabo kumagazini olandelayo. ISandia National Laboratories, esebenza ngokubambisana ne-GM, njengamanje icwenga ukuhamba komsebenzi okusha, okuhlukile kwe-HCCI. Abathuthukisi bayibiza ngokuthi yi-LTGC ye- "Low Temperature Gasoline Combustion". Njengoba kumiklamo yangaphambilini, izindlela ze-HCCI zikhawulelwe ebangeni lokusebenza elincanyana futhi azinalusizo olukhulu kunemishini yesimanje yokwehlisa usayizi, ososayensi banqume ukuyilahla ingxube noma kunjalo. Ngamanye amagama, ukwakha izindawo ezilawulwa ngokunembile ezimpofu nezicebile, kepha ngokungafani nedizili eyengeziwe. Imicimbi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ikhombisile ukuthi amazinga okushisa asebenzayo awanele ukuqeda ukusabela kwe-oxidation yama-hydrocarbon ne-CO-CO2. Lapho ingxube icebile futhi iphelile, inkinga iyasuswa, ngoba izinga layo lokushisa likhuphuka ngesikhathi senqubo yomlilo. Kodwa-ke, ihlala iphansi ngokwanele ukuthi ingaqali ukwakheka kwama-nitrogen oxides. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, abaklami babesakholelwa ukuthi i-HCCI iyindlela yokushisa okuphansi kunenjini kadizili engakhiphi i-nitrogen oxides. Kodwa-ke, azidalwanga kunqubo entsha ye-LTGC. Uphethiloli usetshenziselwa le njongo, njengakwizibonelo zakuqala ze-GM, njengoba unezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-vaporization (nokuhlangana kangcono nomoya) kepha izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokusho kwabaklami be-laboratory, inhlanganisela yemodi ye-LTGC kanye ne-spark ignition ezimeni ezingezinhle futhi ezinzima ukulawula izindlela, njengokulayishwa okuphelele, kuzoholela emishinini esebenza kahle kakhulu kunamayunithi akhona enciphisa umsebenzi. I-Delphi Automotive ithuthukisa inqubo efanayo yokuqothula umlilo. Babiza imiklamo yabo nge-GDCI ye- "Compression Ignition Direct Petrol Injection" (Gasoline Direct Injection and Compression Ignition), ebuye inikeze ngomsebenzi ononile futhi ocebile ukulawula inqubo yomlilo. E-Delphi, lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izijovo ezinemishini eyinkimbinkimbi yokujova, ukuze kuthi, naphezu kokuncipha nokucebisa, ingxube iyonke ihlale incike ngokwanele ukuthi ingakhi insizi, nezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngokwanele ukuthi lingakhi ama-nitrogen oxides. Abaqambi balawula izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zenhlanganisela ukuze zishe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ifana nophethiloli kadizili, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuphansi futhi ukwakheka kwama-nitrogen oxides kuyinto encane. UDelphi unikeze okungenani iminyaka engu-4 ngaphezulu yoxhaso kuhulumeni wase-US, futhi intshisekelo yabakhiqizi abanjengoHyundai ekuthuthukisweni kwabo kusho ukuthi ngeke bayeke.

Masikhumbule iDisto

Ukuthuthukiswa kwabaklami be-Daimler Engine Research Labs e-Untertürkheim kubizwa ngokuthi i-Diesotto futhi kwimodi yokuqala nephezulu yokulayisha isebenza njengenjini yakudala kaphethiloli, isebenzisa zonke izinzuzo zokujova okuqondile kanye ne-cascade turbocharging. Kodwa-ke, ngesivinini esiphansi ukuya esimaphakathi kanye nemithwalo phakathi komjikelezo owodwa, izinto zikagesi zizovala isistimu yokuthungela futhi zishintshele kumodi yokulawula imodi yokuzithungela. Kulokhu, izigaba zama-valve okukhiphayo zishintsha kakhulu umlingiswa wazo. Zivula ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu kunokuvamile futhi nge-stroke encishisiwe kakhulu - ngakho-ke isigamu kuphela samagesi aphumayo anesikhathi sokushiya igumbi elivuthayo, kanti okunye kugcinwa ngamabomu kumasilinda, kanye nokushisa okuningi okuqukethwe kuwo. . Ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokushisa eliphakeme nakakhulu emakamelweni, ama-nozzles afaka ingxenye encane kaphethiloli engabasi, kodwa isabela ngamagesi ashisayo. Ngesikhathi sokushaywa okulandelayo, ingxenye entsha kaphethiloli ijovwa kusilinda ngasinye ngenani elifanele. I-valve yokungena ivuleka kafushane nge-stroke emfushane futhi ivumela inani elinembile lesilinganiso somoya omusha ukuthi lingene kusilinda futhi lixubane namagesi atholakalayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxube kaphethiloli engenawo amandla enengxenye ephezulu yamagesi okukhipha umoya. Lokhu kulandelwa ukucindezela lapho izinga lokushisa lengxube liqhubeka likhuphuka kuze kube yisikhathi sokuzishisa. Isikhathi esinembile senqubo sifinyelelwa ngokulawula ngokunembile inani likaphethiloli, umoya ohlanzekile namagesi aphumayo, ulwazi olungaguquki oluvela kuzinzwa ezikala ukucindezela kusilinda, kanye nesistimu engashintsha ngokushesha isilinganiso sokucindezela kusetshenziswa indlela eccentric. ukushintsha indawo ye-crankshaft. Ngendlela, ukusebenza kwesistimu okukhulunywa ngayo akukhawulelwe kumodi ye-HCCI.

Ukuphatha yonke le misebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kudinga ukulawula izinto zikagesi ezinganciki kusethi evamile yama-algorithms achazwe ngaphambilini atholakala ezinjinini ezivamile zangaphakathi, kodwa vumela izinguquko zokusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinzwa. Umsebenzi unzima, kodwa umphumela kuwufanele - 238 hp. I-Diesotto engu-1,8 litre iqinisekise umqondo we-F700 nge-S-Class CO2 emissions engu-127 g/km nokuthobela iziqondiso eziqinile ze-Euro 6.

Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev

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