Ingabe imoto yakho ingcolisa imvelo? Bheka ukuthi yini okufanele inakekelwe!

Nakuba abaningi bethu bekholelwa ukuthi i-ecology ihlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe besimanje obubizayo, empeleni, wonke umuntu angenza okungenani umnikelo omncane ekuvikeleni imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emotweni, i-ecology kanye nomnotho kuyahambisana. Udinga nje ukwazi ukuthi yini enomthelela ekungcolisweni komoya emotweni yethu, bese unakekela ukubuyisela lezo zakhi!

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Izindinganiso ezichazwe ngokucacile zokugcwala kothuli oluhamba emoyeni nezinye izinto eziyingozi eYurophu ziqhuba izinguquko embonini yezimoto. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, abakhiqizi bezama ukuhambisana nemithetho eqinile. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwavela izinhlelo ezifana nezihlungi ze-particle, amaphampu omoya wesibili, izinzwa zesimanje ze-lambda kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza kwegesi ephumayo. Uma imoto iyintsha, kuba nobuchwepheshe obuphambili engaba nabo. Nokho, ngayinye yalezi zakhi idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele ukuze ifeze indima yayo. Akumelwe sikhohlwe ngokuhlola okuvamile, ukushintsha izisefo namafutha, kanye nezinto ezivamile njengokushintsha amathayi asebusika esikhundleni sawasehlobo.

Ukulwa nentuthu

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazinga okungcoliswa komoya anyuke ngendlela eshaqisayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nePoland. Manje sekukhulunywa kakhulu ngentuthu nendlela yokubhekana nayo. Ukungcola okuningi kuvela entuthuni yemoto yemoto. Ngakho-ke, emadolobheni amakhulu, izithuthi zomphakathi zimahhala ngezinsuku lapho ukugcwala kwentuthu kuphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokhuthaza abashayeli ukuthi basebenzise iqoqo lezokuthutha ukuze kwehliswe isibalo sezimoto eziphuma emigwaqeni.

Ukukhathazeka ngezimoto nophethiloli kuzama ukwethula izixazululo zesimanjemanje ezengeziwe ezisekela imvelo kumamodeli ezimoto ezikhiqiziwe futhi zingafaki izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziyingozi kuphethiloli. Nokho-ke ukwanda kwesibalo sezimoto kunomthelela omubi esimweni semvelo. Imoto iyithuluzi elibalulekile kwabaningi bethu: akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi futhi ofuna ukukhokhela ukuyibeka egaraji ngenxa yokuvikela imvelo. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi sithole ukuthi yini ngempela edala ukuthi izimoto zethu zibe nomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yomoya nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho ngaphandle kokuyeka amasondo akho amane.

Yini ekuphumeni?

Umusi ophuma ezimotweni uqukethe izinto eziningi eziyingozi emvelweni nempilo yethu. Iningi lazo zingama-carcinogens. Enye yezingxenye ezisobala kakhulu ze-exhaust gas isikhutha iyigesi ebamba ukushisa eyinhloko. Ngezilinganiso ezincane, ayinabungozi kubantu, kodwa inomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile. Ziyingozi kakhulu. i-nitrogen oxidesokuyinto ecasula isimiso sokuphefumula futhi, lapho ikhishwa emhlabathini, ikhulula ama-carcinogenic compounds. Enye into I-carbon monoxide, okungukuthi, i-carbon monoxide, ebopha ku-hemoglobin futhi iphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi, okuholela ku-hypoxia yezicubu. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ama-catalytic reactors anciphise kakhulu ukuba khona kwe-carbon monoxide kumagesi akhipha umoya wezimoto. Nokho, amazinga aphezulu aleli khemikhali asatholakala ezindaweni ezinezimoto eziningi njengasemihubheni nasezindaweni zokupaka izimoto. Babala ingxenye enkulu yamagesi aphumayo. uthuli olumisiwe... Bacasula uhlelo lokuphefumula futhi basebenze njengendlela yokuthutha yezinsimbi ezinzima. Izinjini zikadizili ziwumthombo omkhulu wokukhipha uthuli. Ngakho-ke, nakuba izinjini zikadizili zajabulela inzalo eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwamanani kaphethiloli, okwamanje zingaphansi kokuhlolwa. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe yizinkampani, inkinga yokukhipha uthuli lukadizili ayikanyamalala. Iphinde ibe ne-carcinogenic kakhulu kuma-exhaust ntuthu. I-BENZOL, ukuba ukungcola kukaphethiloli okuguquguqukayo, kanye ama-hydrocarbons - umphumela wokushiswa okungaphelele kukaphethiloli.

Inani lezinto eziyingozi ezimotweni ezikhipha umoya wezimoto likhulu futhi akuzwakali kunethemba elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, akukhona kuphela lokho okukhishwa ohlelweni lwe-exhaust okunomthelela endaweni ezungezile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto kuphinde kubangele ukungcola kwamasondo etiyela, nokunye uthuli nokungcola okulele emgwaqeni futhi okuphuma emasondweni ezimoto. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukugcwala kwezinto ezithile emotweni kuphakeme izikhathi eziningana kunasendaweni eyizungezile. Ngenxa yalokho, abashayeli basengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni yabo eyingozi.

Ithini i-EU?

Ukuphendula izimfuno zezemvelo, i-European Union yethule amazinga okukhishwa kwezimoto ezintsha ezithengiswa endaweni yayo. Izinga lokuqala le-Euro 1 laqala ukusebenza ngo-1993 futhi kusukela lapho iziqondiso ziye zaba namandla kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2014, izinga le-Euro 6 lisetshenziswe ezimotweni zabagibeli nasezimotweni ezilula zokuhweba, futhi iPhalamende LaseYurophu lihlela ukuqinisa ngokwengeziwe ngo-2021. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza ezimotweni ezintsha kanye nabakhiqizi bazo. Khonamanjalo, inhlawulo ye-PLN 500 kanye nokugcinwa kwesitifiketi sokubhalisa ukweqa isivinini esivuthayo kusongela ngamunye wethu. Ngakho-ke kufanele sizinakekele ngokwethu i-ecology kumamodeli amadala.

Yini ethinta ikhwalithi yegesi ephumayo?

Uma uphethiloli esiwathengayo wawuyingxube ye-stoichiometric, okungukuthi, yayinokwakheka okuhle, futhi uma ukushiswa kwayo enjini kuyinqubo eyimodeli, kwakuzophuma kuphela i-carbon dioxide nomhwamuko wamanzi epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Ngeshwa, lena inkolelo nje engahlangene kancane neqiniso. Isibaseli asishi ngokupheleleNgaphezu kwalokho, ayilokothi "ihlanzeke" - iqukethe ukungcola okuningi kwezinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingashi.

Uma izinga lokushisa lenjini liphakeme, amandla omlilo asebenza kahle ekamelweni kanye nokungcola okuncane kwamagesi e-exhaust. Ukushayela ngesivinini esingaguquki nakho kudinga uphethiloli omncane kunokuqondisa, ingasaphathwa eyokuthungela. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukushayela emgwaqeni ukonga kakhulu kunamabanga amafushane edolobheni. Ukonga okwengeziwe - futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunobungani bemvelo.

Yini okufanele siyikhathalele?

Шины

Inani likaphethiloli elidliwe liyathinteka ngumthwalo enjinini: ngokumelana okuphezulu, kudingeka okuningi. Yiqiniso, akukho esingakwenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siphambana nomoya noma imoto yethu ihamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, sinomphumela wokumelana ngenxa yezinga lokunamathela ku-substrate. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukunakekelwa isimo sobuchwepheshe amathayi akho. Ngenxa yokuthi isondo eligugile nelizacile alikwazi ukugoqeka kancane kunesondo elijulile, lizoba nokudonsa kanzima. Imoto eshibilika iphinde isheshe ibambe isiteringi ayigcini nje ngokuba yingozi kwezokuphepha kodwa idla uphethiloli omningi. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kufanele unakekele ingcindezi efanele yesondo futhi ungakhohlwa ukuyifaka esikhundleni samathayi ehlobo entwasahlobo, nasekwindla ngobusika. Amathayi alungile awagcini nje ngokuphephile futhi ukonga, kodwa futhi ahlinzeka ngokunethezeka okwengeziwe kokushayela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi sebevele bavele emakethe. amathayi emvelo ngokunciphisa ukumelana nokugoqa ngenkathi igcina imingcele yokubamba efanele.

INJINI

Isimo senjini yethu siyisiqinisekiso sokushayela okuphephile, ukonga kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo. Ukuze injini isisebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele siyinakekele. Isisekelo siwukugcoba okulungile, okuzohlinzekwa ngumuntu okhethiwe kahle uwoyela womshini. Akugcini nje ukuvikela injini nokunciphisa ukuguga, kodwa futhi kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele futhi libe nomphumela wokuhlanza. I-sediment egezwe ngamafutha kanye nezinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ezingashisiwe ziyahlungwa futhi zihlakazwe ezihlungini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele ukhumbule ukuyishintsha njalo - amaminerali adinga ukushintshwa njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-15. km, kanye nama-synthetics njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-10 km. Njalo shintsha isihlungi sikawoyela ngaso.

Futhi khumbula mayelana nokulawula umshini ongenisa umoyaokufaka ingcindezi enkulu enjinini. Uma kunephutha, kungase kubonise ukuvinjelwa. isihlungi kabinowegookubangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwalo lonke uhlelo.

Qeda

Futhi, masingakhohlwa ngamasheke avamile. Uhlelo lokukhiphaukwehluleka okungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwenjini ngisho nokungena kwamagesi akhipha umoya kwezinye izinhlelo zemoto yethu. Ake sihlole izinto ezifana umqoqi, okungukuthi, umgudu wokukhipha igesi ephumayo ephuma egumbini elivuthayo ukuya epayipini lokukhipha umoya, futhi i-katalizatorobhekene ne-oxidation ye-carbon monoxide II nama-hydrocarbons, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides. Masikhumbule futhi mayelana Lambda probe - inzwa ye-elekthronikhi ehlola izinga lamagesi okukhipha umoya. Ngokusekelwe ekufundweni kwe-lambda probe, ikhompuyutha yokulawula inquma izilinganiso ezifanele zengxube yamafutha omoya anikezwe injini. Uma le ngxenye ye-exhaust system ingasebenzi kahle, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wemoto kuyanda futhi namandla enjini ayancipha. Ake sihlole isimo i-muffler nesixhumi esivumelana nezimoUkunganakwa okungeke nje kwandise izinga lomsindo emotweni yethu, kodwa futhi kungaholela ekugelezeni kwegesi ephumayo ku-cabin.

Isihlungi se-Particulate

Izimoto ziyadingeka namuhla. isihlungi se-particulateikakhulukazi ezinjinini zikadizili. Umsebenzi wawo ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwezinto eziyingozi ezivela ekamelweni elivuthayo futhi zishise. Ukuze wenze lokhu, injini kufanele ifudunyezwe ifike ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukushiswa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude. Isikhombi sesistimu yokukhipha umoya esinephutha sizosazisa uma isihlungi singcolile, okuzoholela ekunqanyulweni kwamandla. Ukuzihlanza i-DPF "emgwaqeni" kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenhlanhla, ingaphinda ihlanzwe ngomshini wokuhlanza owenziwe ngokukhethekile.

I-exhaust gas recirculation

Hlola ukuqina kwe-valve... Ukuyivimba kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini, ukulimala kwe-lambda probe, noma intuthu enjinini.

Ukuhlola okuvamile

Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bemoto kuwumthwalo wawo wonke umnikazi wemoto, kodwa akuzona zonke iziteshi zokuxilonga ezibhekana nalolu daba ngokuthembekile. Ngandlela-thile, ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kuhlola kuphela ezinye zezinto zokusebenza, njengokufana kwesondo lokugqoka, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanyisa, ukusebenza kwama-brake kanye nezinhlelo zokuqondisa, isimo somzimba nokumiswa. Kuyafaneleka ukuthuthukisa umkhuba wokuhlola okunwetshiwe okujwayelekile, lapho izinsuku zizohlolwa khona, konke uketshezi nezihlungi kuzoshintshwa, futhi uketshezi lwe-catalytic luzofakwa ezimotweni ezinezihlungi ze-DPF.

I-Europe iyizwekazi elinabantu abaningi futhi elinabantu abaningi emadolobheni emhlabeni. Ngokwezibalo ze-WHO, laba balinganiselwa ku-80 abantu. izakhamuzi zakhona zibulawa izifo ezibangelwa ukungcoliswa komgwaqo. Akumangalisi ukuthi izindinganiso zemvelo ze-European Union ziqine kangaka. Abashayeli abachitha isikhathi esiningi ezimotweni zabo yibona abachayeka kakhulu emiphumeleni eyingozi yezinto eziqukethwe yi-exhaust gas. Ukunakekela impilo yabanye neyakho, kufanelekile ukunakekela isimo sobuchwepheshe bemoto futhi ushintsha njalo izingxenye ezigugile.

Ungathola njalo izingxenye zezimoto nezinsiza kuwebhusayithi ethi avtotachki.com!

Ungahle Uthande:

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