Amathiphu okuhlola nokufaka esikhundleni sejoyinti ye-CV kanye ne-anther yayo
Okuqukethwe
Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto bayazi ukuthi imoto yabo inengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-CV joint, kodwa akubona bonke abantu abayaziyo ukuthi iyini futhi ingeyani. Isifinyezo esinobuqili simela ihinge lamavilocithi angular alinganayo. Kodwa kubantu abaningi, ukubhala amakhodi kuchaza okuncane. Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukuthola inhloso kanye nedivayisi yokuhlangana kwe-CV, thola ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani futhi uyishintshe le ngxenye.
Iyini futhi isebenzela ini
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zemboni yezimoto, onjiniyela babhekana nobunzima obukhulu ekuzameni ukusebenzisa i-front-wheel drive. Ekuqaleni, amajoyinti e-universal ayesetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukujikeleza kusuka kokuhluka kuya kumasondo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho isondo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza liguqulwa liqonde futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo liphinde liphenduke, i-hinge yangaphandle iphoqeleka ukuthi isebenze nge-engeli ye-oda lika-30 ° noma ngaphezulu. Ku-cardan drive, ukungahambi kahle okuncane kwama-shafts okuhlangana kuholela esivinini esingalingani se-angular sokujikeleza kwe-shaft eqhutshwayo (kithi, i-shaft eqhutshwa yi-axle shaft yokumiswa). Umphumela uba ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwamandla, ama-jerks nokugqoka okusheshayo kwamahinge, amathayi, kanye nama-shafts namagiya okudlulisa.
Inkinga yaxazululwa ngokufika kwamalunga esivinini esilinganayo se-angular. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CV (ezincwadini ngezinye izikhathi ungathola igama elithi "homokinetic joint") liyingxenye yemoto, ngenxa yokuthi ukuqina kwe-angular velocity ye-axle shaft ngayinye kuqinisekiswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-angle yokujikeleza kwamasondo kanye indawo ehlobene yedrayivu kanye namashafu ashayelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-torque isakazwa ngokucishe kungabikho ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, ngaphandle kokudlikiza noma ukudlidliza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalunga e-CV akuvumela ukuthi unxephezele ukushaywa nokudlidliza kwemoto ngenkathi ushayela.
Ngokwesimo, i-CV ehlangene ifana nezinhlamvu ezaziwa kakhulu, yingakho ithole igama layo elivamile - "ibhomu". Nokho, abanye bakhetha ukuyibiza ngokuthi "ipheya".
Amajoyinti amabili e-CV afakwe kushafti ye-axle ngayinye - yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Engaphakathi ine-engeli yokusebenza ngaphakathi kuka-20 ° futhi idlulisa i-torque isuka ku-gearbox umehluko iye ku-axle shaft. Ongaphandle angasebenza nge-angle efika ku-40 °, ifakwe ekugcineni kwe-axle shaft kusukela ohlangothini lwesondo futhi iqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwayo nokujikeleza. Ngakho-ke, enguqulweni ye-front-wheel drive kukhona 4 kuphela kubo, futhi imoto yokushayela wonke amasondo ine-8 "amabhomu".
Njengoba ama-axle shafts angakwesokudla nangakwesokunxele anomehluko wesakhiwo, khona-ke amalunga e-CV angakwesokudla nakwesokunxele. Futhi-ke, amahinge angaphakathi nangaphandle ahlukile komunye nomunye. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuthengwa izingxenye ezintsha ezishintshwayo. Ungakhohlwa futhi mayelana nokuvumelana kobukhulu bokufaka. Ama-anthers nawo adinga ukukhethwa ngokuhambisana nemodeli nokuguqulwa komshini.
Izinhlobo zesakhiwo zamajoyinti e-CV
I-angular velocity joint elinganayo ayiyona into entsha, amasampula okuqala athuthukiswa cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.
i-gimbal kabili
Okokuqala, baqala ukusebenzisa i-double cardan CV joint, ehlanganisa amalunga amabili ekhadini asebenza ngababili. Iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ebalulekile futhi isebenze ngama-engeli amakhulu. Ukujikeleza okungalingani kwamahinge kunxeshezelwa ngokulinganayo. Umklamo mkhulu kakhulu, ngakho esikhathini sethu ugcinwe ikakhulukazi emalolini kanye nama-SUV amane-wheel drive.
Ikhamera
Ngo-1926, umakhenikha waseFrance u-Jean-Albert Gregoire wasungula futhi wanikeza ilungelo lobunikazi idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Trakta. Iqukethe izimfoloko ezimbili, eyodwa exhunywe ku-drive shaft, enye ku-shaft eqhutshwayo, namakhamera amabili ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuxhumana yezingxenye zokuhlikihla, ukulahlekelwa kuvele kuphezulu kakhulu, nokusebenza kahle bekuphansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amalunga e-cam CV awasetshenziswa kabanzi.
Idiski yekhamera
Ukuguqulwa kwabo, amalunga e-cam-disc, athuthukiswe eSoviet Union, nawo abe nokusebenza kahle okuphansi, kodwa amelana nemithwalo ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunqunyelwe ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zezentengiselwano, lapho isivinini esiphezulu se-shaft singadingeki, okungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile.
I-Weiss ball joint
Ijoyinti yokuqala yebhola ye-velocity engaguquki yanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1923 nguKarl Weiss. Kuyo, i-torque yayidluliswa kusetshenziswa amabhola amane - ipheya elilodwa lasebenza lapho liya phambili, elinye lapho lihlehla. Ubulula bomklamo kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokwenziwa kwenza lo mshini waziwa. I-engeli ephezulu lapho le hinge isebenza khona ngu-32 °, kodwa insiza ayidluli amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-70 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukusetshenziswa kwayo cishe kwaphela.
Ibhola lika-Alfred Zeppa
Okube nenhlanhla enkulu kube elinye ijoyinti lebhola, elingagcinanga ngokuphumelela kuphela kuze kube yilolu suku, kodwa futhi lisetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amasondo esimanje angaphambili kanye nasezimotweni eziningi ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ezimiswe ezimele. Idizayini enamabhola ayisithupha yasungulwa ngo-1927 ngunjiniyela waseMelika owazalelwa ePoland, u-Alfred Hans Rzeppa, owayesebenzela inkampani yezimoto yakwaFord. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, siphawula ukuthi ku-inthanethi yolimi lwesiRashiya igama lomsunguli libhalwe yonke indawo njengo-Rceppa, okuyinto engalungile neze.
Isiqeshana sangaphakathi sejoyinti ye-CV ye-Zheppa sifakwe ku-drive shaft, futhi umzimba omise okwesitsha uxhunywe ku-shaft eshayelwa. Phakathi komjaho wangaphakathi nezindlu kukhona isihlukanisi esinezimbobo ezibambe amabhola. Kunemifantu eyisithupha ye-semi-cylindrical ekugcineni kwekheji yangaphakathi nangaphakathi emzimbeni, lapho amabhola akwazi ukuhamba khona. Lo mklamo unokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi uhlala isikhathi eside. Futhi i-angle enkulu phakathi kwama-ax of shafts ifinyelela ku-40 °.
Amalunga e-CV "Birfield", "Lebro", GKN yizinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlangana kweZheppa.
"I-Tripod"
Ihinge ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Tripod" nayo ivela ku- "Zheppa", nakuba ihluke kakhulu kuyo. Imfoloko enemishayo emithathu etholakala ku-engeli engu-120° ngokuhlobene ifakwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni. I-beam ngayinye ine-roller ezungeza inaliti enenaliti. Ama-roller angakwazi ukuhamba eduze kwama-grooves ngaphakathi kwendlu. Imfoloko ye-three-beam ifakwe emigqeni ye-shaft eqhutshwayo, futhi indlu ixhunywe kumehluko ku-gearbox. Uhlu lwama-engeli okusebenza we- "Tripods" luncane kakhulu - ngaphakathi kwama-25 °. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zithembeke kakhulu futhi zishibhile, ngakho-ke zivame ukufakwa ezimotweni ezinamasondo angemuva noma zisetshenziswe njengamajoyinti e-CV angaphakathi ku-front-wheel drive.
Kungani ingxenye enokwethenjelwa enjalo ngezinye izikhathi ihluleka
Abashayeli abacophelelayo abavamile ukukhumbula amajoyinti e-CV, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile bashintsha ama-anther abo. Ngokusebenza kahle, le ngxenye iyakwazi ukusebenza i-100 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto bathi insiza ehlangene ye-CV iqhathaniswa nempilo yemoto uqobo. Lokhu cishe kuseduze neqiniso, nokho, ezinye izici zinganciphisa impilo yejoyinti lesivinini esingaguquki.
- Ubuqotho be-anther bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yomonakalo waso, ukungcola nesihlabathi kungangena ngaphakathi, okuzosebenza njenge-abrasive engakhubaza “ibhomu” kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje noma ngokushesha okukhulu. Isimo singabhebhethekiswa amanzi kanye nomoya-mpilo uma engena ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali nesengezo esiqukethwe ku-lubricant ngesimo se-molybdenum disulfide. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa into e-abrasive, ezosheshisa ukubhujiswa kwe-hinge. Isilinganiso sempilo yesevisi ye-anthers yi-1 ... iminyaka emi-3, kodwa isimo sabo kufanele sihlolwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5.
- Iqiniso lokuthi isitayela sokushayela esibukhali singonakalisa imoto ngesikhathi sokurekhoda cishe laziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Nokho, inani labadlali bezemidlalo abeqisayo alinciphi. Ukuqala kahle ngamasondo avele, ukushayela ngokushesha emgwaqeni neminye imithwalo eyeqile kuma-suspension kuzobhubhisa ama-CV joints ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
- Iqembu lezingcuphe lihlanganisa nezimoto ezinenjini ethuthukisiwe. Amajoyinti e-CV namadrayivu ngokuvamile angakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo owengeziwe ngenxa yokwenyuka kwetorque.
- Ukunakwa ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ku-lubrication. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kufanele kusetshenziswe eyodwa kuphela eyakhelwe amalunga e-CV. Noma kunjalo, ungafaki amafutha e-graphite "kubhomu". Ukugcotshwa okungafanele noma ukuthambisa okunganele kuzofinyeza impilo yejoyinti le-CV.
- Esinye isizathu sokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi "kwebhomu" amaphutha omhlangano. Noma mhlawumbe ubunebhadi, futhi ingxenye ibonakale inesici ekuqaleni.
Ungasibheka kanjani isimo sokuhlangana kwe-CV
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-anther ayilimele. Ngisho nokuqhekeka okuncane kuyisisekelo sokushintshwa kwayo ngokushesha, kanye nokuguquguquka nokuxilonga "ibhomu" ngokwayo. Uma le nqubo yenziwa ngesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi i-hinge ingasindiswa.
Ijoyinti ye-CV enephutha yenza i-metallic crunch eyisici. Ukuze uhlole, zama ukujika nge-engeli enkulu. Uma ishwabana noma ingqongqoza ngesikhathi sokujikela kwesokudla, inkinga iba kuhinge engaphandle kwesokunxele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka lapho ujikela kwesokunxele, “ibhomu lesandla” elingaphandle cishe lidinga ukushintshwa.
Ukuxilonga amajoyinti e-CV angaphakathi kulula kakhulu ukukwenza uma ukhuphuka. Ngemva kokuqala injini, sebenzisa igiya lokuqala noma lesibili. Isondo lokuqondisa kufanele libe maphakathi nendawo. Lalela umsebenzi wamajoyinti e-CV angaphakathi. Uma kuzwakala umsindo oklabalasayo, khona-ke i-hinge ayilungile.
Uma i-crunch izwakala ngenkathi ushayela emgqeni oqondile, futhi ukusheshisa kuhambisana nokudlidliza, isihlanganisi esinesici kufanele sishintshwe ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, ingase igoqeke ngokuphelele maduzane. Umphumela ongase ube ukugxuma kwamasondo nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.
Indlela yokufaka esikhundleni ngendlela efanele
Ijoyinti ye-CV enesici ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Ingxenye kuyodingeka ishintshwe ngokuphelele. Okuhlukile ama-anther nama-clamps awo, kanye nama-thrust namaringi okugcina. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukushintshwa kwe-anther kuhilela ukudilizwa okuphoqelekile, ukuwashwa kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga kwehinge ngokwayo.
Ukushintsha umsebenzi kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ungenzeka kulabo abanolwazi lokukhanda izimoto futhi abafuna ukonga imali. Inqubo ingase ibe nama-nuances ayo kuye ngokuthi imodeli ethile yemoto, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqondiswa incwadi yokulungisa imoto yakho.
Ukuze wenze umsebenzi, umshini kufanele ufakwe ku-lift noma umgodi wokuhlola futhi ukhiphe ingxenye yamafutha ku-gearbox (1,5 ... 2 l). Kumathuluzi, isando, i-chisel, i-pliers, i-screwdriver, ama-wrenches, kanye nentaba kanye ne-vise kuzofika kahle. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo - ama-clamps, amafutha akhethekile, i-hub nut - ngokuvamile ziza "nebhomu" elisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WD-40 noma enye i-ejenti efanayo ingase ibe usizo.
Ungalokothi uwakhiphe womabili amashafu ku-gearbox ngesikhathi esisodwa. Qedela i-ekseli eyodwa kuqala, bese udlulela kwenye. Uma kungenjalo, amagiya ahlukene azoshintsha, futhi kuzovela ubunzima obukhulu ngomhlangano.
Ngokuvamile, inqubo imi kanje.
- Isondo lisuswa ohlangothini lapho i-hinge izoshintsha khona.
- Isiketi se-hub nut sishaywa ngesando neshizolo.
- I-hub nut ayikulungi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-pneumatic wrench. Uma ithuluzi elinjalo lingatholakali, kuzodingeka usebenze nge-wrench ring noma ikhanda. Khona-ke uzodinga ukucindezela nokukhiya i-pedal ye-brake ukuze unganyakazi isondo.
Khumula amabhawodi avikela ibhola elingaphansi elihlangene kwiqunu lokuqondisa. ihlehliselwa phansi, futhi iqupha lokuqondisa lihanjiswa eceleni.
Ijoyinti ye-CV yangaphandle ikhishwa kuhabhu. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa i-soft metal drift. Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye zinamathela komunye nomunye ngenxa yokugqwala, khona-ke udinga i-WD-40 nokubekezela okuncane.
- Idrayivu iphuma ku-gearbox. Ngokunokwenzeka, ngeke isebenze ngesandla ngenxa yendandatho yokugcina ekugcineni kwe-shaft yangaphakathi "yebhomu". I-lever izosiza - isibonelo, intaba.
- I-shaft iboshelwe ku-vice futhi i-CV joint iyasuswa kuyo. Udinga ukushaya nge-drift ethambile ku-bearing (umjaho wangaphakathi), hhayi emzimbeni.
- “Ibhomu” elisusiwe ligezwa kahle ngophethiloli noma ngodizili. Uma kunesidingo, ingxenye kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ixazululwe, bese igcotshwa ngamafutha akhethekile futhi iphinde ifakwe. Uma ijoyinti le-CV lishintsha ngokuphelele, khona-ke ilunga elisha kufanele futhi ligezwe futhi ligcwaliswe ngamafutha. Kudingeka cishe u-80 g kweyangaphandle, i-100 ... 120 g kweyangaphakathi.
- I-anther entsha idonselwa ku-shaft, ngemva kwalokho "ibhomu" lifakwe emuva.
- Ama-clamps aqinisiwe. Kudingeka ithuluzi elikhethekile ukuze uqinise ngokuvikelekile ibhande lebhande. Uma kungenjalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-screw (worm) clamp noma uthayi wepulasitiki. Okokuqala qinisa i-clamp enkulu, futhi ngaphambi kokufaka encane, sebenzisa i-screwdriver ukuze udonse unqenqema lwebhuthi ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwayo.
Ngemva kokuqinisa i-hub nut, kufanele ihlatshwe ukuze inganqamuki kamuva.
Ungakhohlwa ukubuyisela igrisi ku-gearbox.
