Uhlelo lokuzinza kwezinga lokushintshisana - kuyini emotweni
Kusukela ngo-2010, kwa-Israel, Melika kanye ne-EU, sekuyimpoqo ukuhlomisa izimoto ezithengiswa ngohlelo lokulawula ukuzinza. Ibizwa ngokuthi enye yezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisizayo, ngoba isiza ukuvimbela ukushushuluza ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zekhompiyutha zilawula umzuzu wokujikeleza kwesondo.
Noma yimuphi umshayeli kusukela ngesikhathi sokufunda esikoleni sokushayela uyazi ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukungena ekujikeni ngesivinini esikhulu. Uma unquma ukuqondisa okunjalo, khona-ke imoto izogxuma, nayo yonke imiphumela ephumayo: ukushayela umzila ozayo, i-rollover, ukushayela emgodini, ukushayisana nezithiyo ngendlela yezimpawu zomgwaqo, ezinye izimoto noma uthango.
Ingozi enkulu elindele umshayeli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi amandla e-centrifugal. Iqondiswe ngakolunye uhlangothi ukusuka ekujikeni. Okusho ukuthi, uma ufuna ukujika kwesokudla ngesivinini, khona-ke ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka kungase kuthiwe imoto izoshintsha kwesokunxele se-trajectory ehlosiwe. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi wemoto ye-novice kufanele afunde ukucabangela ubukhulu bemoto yakhe futhi akhethe umzila ohamba phambili wokujika.
Uhlelo lokuzinza kwezinga lokushintshisana lusanda kusungulwa ukuze kulawulwe ukunyakaza komshini ezimweni ezingaba yingozi kangako. Ngenxa yakhe, imoto ngokucacile ingaphakathi komzila ofaneleka kakhulu wezimo ezinikeziwe.
Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwesistimu yokuzinza kwezinga lokushintshisana
Lolu hlelo, olubizwa nangokuthi i-dynamic stabilization system, luwuhlelo lokuphepha olusebenza kahle kakhulu namuhla. Ukube zonke izimoto ngaphandle kokukhetha bezihlonyiswe ngayo, izinga lezingozi emigwaqweni lingancishiswa ngengxenye yesithathu.
Intuthuko yokuqala yavela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, futhi kusukela ngo-1995, uhlelo lwe-ESP (Electronic Stability Programme) lufakwe ezimotweni eziningi zokukhiqiza eYurophu naseMelika.
I-ESP iqukethe:
- izinzwa zokufaka;
- iyunithi yokulawula;
- i-actuating device - iyunithi ye-hydraulic.
Izinzwa zokokufaka zilawula amapharamitha ahlukahlukene: i-engeli yokuqondisa, i-brake pressure, i-longitudinal ne-lateral acceleration, isivinini semoto, isivinini samasondo.
Iyunithi yokulawula ihlaziya yonke le mingcele. Isofthiwe iyakwazi ukwenza isinqumo ngama-millisecond angu-20 ngokoqobo (i-millisecond engu-1 ingxenye yenkulungwane yesekhondi). Futhi uma kuvela isimo esingaba yingozi, ibhulokhi ithumela imiyalo ku-actuator, ekwazi ukwenza lokhu:
- yehlisa isondo elilodwa noma wonke ngokwandisa ingcindezi ohlelweni lwamabhuleki;
- shintsha i-torque yenjini;
- kuthinte i-angle yokujikeleza kwamasondo;
- shintsha izinga lokudambisa ama-shock absorbers.
Ngokungeziwe kukho konke okungenhla, i-ESP iyakwazi ukusebenzisana namanye amasistimu okuphepha asebenzayo:
- amabhuleki anti-lock;
- ukukhiya umehluko;
- ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla amabhuleki;
- anti-slip.
Izimo ezivame kakhulu lapho uhlelo lokuzinzisa izinga lokushintshisana luqala ukusebenza. Uma uhlelo luqaphela ukuthi imingcele yokunyakaza ihluke kulabo ababalwayo, isinqumo senziwa ngokusekelwe esimweni. Isibonelo, umshayeli, engene ekujikeni, akazange ajike isondo ngendlela efanele, akazange anciphise ijubane noma akashintshele egiyeni oyifunayo. Kulokhu, amasondo angemuva azobhuleka futhi ushintsho kanyekanye ku-torque luzokwenzeka.
Uma umshayeli, ngokuphambene nalokho, ejike kakhulu isondo lokuqondisa, isondo langaphambili elingaphandle lizohamba kancane (lapho ujika kwesokudla - ngaphambili kwesokunxele) kanye nokwanda kanyekanye ngesikhathi sokusebenza - ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla. , kuzokwazi ukuzinzisa imoto futhi uyisindise ekushibilikeni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abashayeli abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi bavala i-ESP uma ibavimbela ekuboniseni wonke amakhono abo, isibonelo, bafuna ukushayela umzila weqhwa onama-skid nama-slips. Ibhizinisi, njengoba besho, i-master's. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uphuma ku-skid kuthrekhi eneqhwa, udinga ukujikisa isondo lokuqondisa libheke ku-skid, bese ujikela ngokucijile ngakolunye uhlangothi bese unyathela igesi. Izinto zikagesi ngeke zikuvumele ukuthi wenze lokho. Ngenhlanhla, i-ESP ingacishwa kulawa mashayeli asheshayo.
Ngeke sincome ukwenza lokhu, ngoba uhlelo lokulawula ukuzinza luvame ukusindisa umshayeli ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Ividiyo emayelana nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuzinza kwezimoto i-VSC ne-EPS.
Iyalayisha...
