1 amandla amahhashi alingana - kW, watt, kg
Uma uthatha noma iyiphi i-encyclopedia bese ubheka kuyo ukuthi iyini amandla amahhashi, khona-ke sizofunda ukuthi lena iyunithi ye-off-system yamandla engasetshenziswa eRussia. Nakuba kunoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi yezindawo zokuthengisa izimoto, amandla enjini akhonjiswe ngamandla ehhashi.
Iyini leyunithi, ilingana nani?
Ekhuluma ngamandla enjini, iningi lethu lifanekisela isithombe esilula: uma uthatha umhlambi wamahhashi angu-80 nemoto enenjini engu-80 hp, khona-ke amandla abo azolingana futhi akekho ongadonsa intambo.
Uma uzama ukwenza kabusha isimo esinjalo empilweni yangempela, khona-ke umhlambi wamahhashi usazowina, ngoba ukuze injini ithuthukise amandla anjalo, idinga ukuphotha i-crankshaft ngenani elithile lokuguquguquka ngomzuzu. Amahhashi wona asuke egijima endaweni yawo adonse imoto ngemuva kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela aphule u-gearbox.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi amandla ehhashi ayiyunithi evamile yamandla, kuyilapho ihhashi ngalinye lingumuntu ngamunye kanti abanye abantu bangaba namandla kakhulu kunabanye.
I-Horsepower yethulwa ekusakazeni ngo-1789. Umsunguli odumile u-James Watt wayefuna ukukhombisa ukuthi kwakuyinzuzo engakanani ukusebenzisa izinjini ze-steam esikhundleni samahhashi ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi. Wamane wathatha futhi wabala ukuthi mangakanani amandla asetshenziswa ihhashi ukuze lisebenzise indlela elula yokuphakamisa - isondo elinezintambo ezinamathiselwe kulo - ukudonsa imiphongolo yamalahle emayini noma ukupompa amanzi kusetshenziswa iphampu.
Kuvele ukuthi ihhashi elilodwa lingadonsa umthwalo onesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-75 ngesivinini esingu-1 m/s. Uma sihumusha la mandla ku-watts, kuvela ukuthi i-1 hp. amandla angu-735 watts. Amandla ezimoto zanamuhla akalwa ngama-kilowatts, ngokulandelana, i-1 hp. = 0,74 kW.
Ukuze bakholise abanikazi bezimayini ukuthi basuke ekubeni namandla amahhashi baye kosebenzisa isitimu, i-Watt yahlongoza indlela elula: ukukala ukuthi ungakanani umsebenzi amahhashi ayengawenza ngosuku, bese evula injini yesitimu futhi abale ukuthi mangaki amahhashi engawashintsha. Kuyacaca ukuthi injini ye-steam yaba nenzuzo enkulu, ngoba yakwazi ukubuyisela inani elithile lamahhashi. Abanikazi bemayini baqaphela ukuthi kwakushibhile kubo ukunakekela imoto kunesitebele esinayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo: utshani, i-oats, umquba, njalonjalo.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi i-Watt ibale ngokungalungile amandla ehhashi elilodwa. Izilwane ezinamandla kakhulu kuphela ezikwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo se-75 kg ngesivinini se-1 m / s, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke zikwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside ezimweni ezinjalo. Nakuba kunobufakazi bokuthi isikhathi esifushane ihhashi elilodwa lingathuthukisa amandla afinyelela ku-9 kW (9 / 0,74 kW = 12,16 hp).
Anqunywa kanjani amandla enjini?
Kuze kube manje, indlela elula yokulinganisa amandla wangempela enjini nge-dyno. Imoto ishayelwa endaweni yokumisa, iqiniswe ngokuvikelekile, bese umshayeli esheshisa injini ukuze afike esivinini esiphezulu futhi amandla wangempela ku-hp aboniswa esibukweni. Iphutha elivumelekile - +/- 0,1 hp Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, kuvame ukuvela ukuthi amandla e-nameplate awahambisani newangempela, futhi lokhu kungase kubonise ukutholakala kwezinhlobonhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle - kusukela kuphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi kuya ekunciphiseni kokucindezela kumasilinda.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi amandla amahhashi ayiyunithi ye-non-systemic, ibalwa ngokuhlukile emazweni ahlukene. E-USA naseNgilandi, isibonelo, i-hp eyodwa. ama-watts angu-745, hhayi ama-735 njengaseRussia.
Yiba noma kunjalo, kodwa wonke umuntu usevele ejwayele le yunithi ethile yokulinganisa, ngoba ilula futhi ilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, HP esetshenziswa lapho kubalwa izindleko ze-OSAGO ne-CASCO.
Vumelana, uma ufunda izici zemoto - amandla enjini angama-150 hp. - kulula kuwe ukuzulazula kulokho akwaziyo ukukwenza. Futhi irekhodi elifana ne-110,33 kW akwanele ukulisho. Nakuba ukuguqula ama-kilowatts abe yi-hp. kulula kakhulu: sihlukanisa i-110,33 kW ngo-0,74 kW, sithola i-150 hp esiyifunayo.
Ngithanda ukukukhumbuza ukuthi umqondo wokuthi "amandla enjini" ngokwawo awubonisi kakhulu, udinga futhi ukucabangela amanye amapharamitha: i-torque ephezulu, i-rpm, isisindo semoto. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinjini zikadizili zinejubane eliphansi futhi amandla aphezulu atholakala ku-1500-2500 rpm, kanti izinjini zikaphethiloli zisheshisa isikhathi eside, kepha zikhombisa imiphumela engcono kumabanga amade.
Iyalayisha...
