Ama-alamu nezingidi

Wonke umnikazi oyikhathalelayo imoto yakhe kufanele afake okungenani amasistimu okuvikela amabili azimele.

"Okhiye" kulawa madivayisi akufanele baboshwe ku-fob yokhiye owodwa.

 

Okokuqala, mechanical

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi noma ezingaphansi kwezingidi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kwezohwebo. Ungakwazi ukukhiya ama-pedals, isiteringi, ukunyakaza kwe-shift lever, ukuxhuma isiteringi kuma-pedals, ekugcineni ukwazi ukukhiya umshini we-gearshift. Nakuba kungathandwa, ukuvikelwa kwemishini kuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo amasela, yingakho "engathandwa", ngoba ukuwaphula kudinga ulwazi, isikhathi, amathuluzi namakhono.

Bese kuba nge-elekthronikhi

Imoto iyithuluzi elibalulekile, futhi izinkampani zomshuwalense ezincwadini zazo, kuye ngokuthi inani lemoto, zincoma ukuthi kufakwe okungenani izinsimbi ezimbili zokuzivikela ezisebenza ngokuzimela. Enye yazo i-alamu yemoto. Isistimu ye-alamu kufanele ifake: isilawuli kude esinekhodi ye-fob yokhiye oguquguqukayo, ukuzihlomisa ngokwakho, ukukhiya ukuthungela, umsebenzi wokulwa nobugebengu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inhlabamkhosi ezisebenza yona, i-ultrasonic kanye nezinzwa zokushaqeka, i-ignition noma i-start interlock, amaswishi omkhawulo wesivalo nesivalo. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kungangezwa ngenzwa yendawo yemoto kanye nesistimu yamandla eyisipele.

Ikhodi eguquguqukayo esakazwa umsakazo isuka kusilawuli kude iye kuyunithi yokulawula ibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wokuvikela. Inani elikhulu lezinhlanganisela zenza kungenzeki ukufunda ikhodi nokucisha i-alamu ngabantu abangagunyaziwe.

Izinhlelo ze-alamu zanamuhla zisekela imisebenzi emisha ngokuphelele: i-alamu yomgqekezi ukusuka ebangeni elingafika ku-600 m ukusuka emotweni, ulwazi mayelana nenzwa eyonakele kanye nekhono lokukhubaza inzwa eyonakele. Zimelana nokulimala kweyunithi yokulawula okubangelwa isifunda esifushane eziqondisweni zokuqondisa.

I-alamu isebenza kahle uma umklamo wayo ungaziwa kancane, ibekwe endaweni engavamile, okunzima ukuyifinyelela, futhi ishabhu yokufaka ithembekile. Uma abantu bengakwazi ukunamathisela nokubeka izisetshenziswa emotweni, yilapho kuphephe khona. Ama-alamu amaningi afakwe izikhungo zesevisi ezigunyaziwe ngaphambi kokuthenga izimoto ezintsha ayaphindaphindeka futhi ngenxa yalokho kulula "ukusebenza" ngamasela.

Ezokuphepha zesimanje ze-elekthronikhi ziyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi amasela awakwazi ukukwenza. behluliwe bakhuthuze umshayeli bathathe okhiye bakhe. Kulokhu, umsebenzi we-anti-seize ungasiza. Isebenza ngokuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo ilokhi emaphakathi lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe. Lesi sici sinenzuzo yokuvula isicabha somshayeli kuqala bese kulandela ezinye, ezingavimba ukuhlaselwa uma upaka emarobhothini.

Ngeshwa, ngemva kokujoyina i-European Union, ukusetshenziswa kokuvimbela okuphumelelayo kakhulu okulwa nokuthumba, okukhona kumayunithi okulawula ama-alamu amahle noma afakwe ngokwehlukana, akuvunyelwe. Ngokusho kwabahleli balo mthethonqubo, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvimbela izimo eziyingozi ezivela ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi ngenkathi ushayela.

Immobilizer - ukuvikelwa kwemoto efihliwe

I-immobilizer iyisisetshenziswa se-elekthronikhi umsebenzi wayo uwukuvimbela injini ukuthi iqale ngokunqamula ukuhamba kwamandla kusekhethi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela uma ifakwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Empeleni, sibhekene nama-immobilizer asefekthri, ayingxenye ye-ECU yemoto, elawulwa ukhiye ofakwe endaweni yokushisa futhi izinto zikagesi ozikhethela zona. Njengoba ulwazi lwemishini yefekthri lungaziwa kuphela kumbuthano wabaphathi benkonzo abagunyaziwe, kufanelekile ukutusa amadivaysi engeziwe afakwe abafaki be-alamu abathembekile.

Amabhethri Abalulekile

Imishini kagesi inokwethenjelwa, kodwa ingaba yize uma ingasebenzi. Amandla ngokuvamile anikezwa ibhethri elincane elingaphakathi kwesilawuli kude. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle lehla ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ukuze ugweme ukumangala, ibhethri kufanele lishintshwe kanye ngonyaka, futhi ibhethri elisha kufanele ligcinwe esitokweni.

Inkinga enkulu ingalethwa yibhethri elinika isivimbeli amandla. Abaklami bavame ukuyibeka esimweni sokhiye wepulasitiki. Uma umthombo unganikezi ugesi, i-immobilizer ngeke isebenze. Ngakho-ke, njengengxenye yemisebenzi yesevisi eyenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa konyaka kwezimoto, isibonelo, i-Opel brand, ibhethri iphoqelekile. Lapho uphuma endaweni yokusebenzela, kungcono kakhulu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukushintshwa sekuyenziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo losizo lomgwaqo lungasisindisa enkingeni ngokudonsa imoto engenangozi iye esiteshini sesevisi.

Kufanele sikhethe imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe

Kunemishini eminingi kagesi enikezwa abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene emakethe. Njengomthetho, benza imisebenzi efanayo, ihluke ngamanani. Lapho sikhetha i-alamu esizoyifaka, kufanele sibuze ukuthi inaso yini isitifiketi esikhishwe yi-Institute of the Automotive Industry, okuyisigaba esihlola la madivayisi. Ama-alamu ezimoto aqinisekisiwe kuphela abonwa izinkampani zomshwalense.

Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwezinto zikagesi, umsebenzisi wemoto uphelelwa amandla. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha uhlobo lokuvikela, isifundo esibanzi kufanele senziwe, sigxile kumadivayisi ahlala isikhathi eside futhi anokwethenjelwa. Kuyafaneleka ukufaka izinhlelo lapho kukhona inethiwekhi yesevisi.

Izibonelo zamanani ama-alamu ezimoto

Cha	Incazelo yedivayisi	Izindleko
1.	I-alamu, izinga eliyisisekelo lokuvikela	380
2.	I-alamu, ileveli yokuvikela eyisisekelo, enokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha nenkumbulo yemicimbi engama-50.	480
3.	I-alamu, izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela, ikhono lokuxhuma inzwa yokudonsa	680
4.	I-alamu yokuvikela ethuthukile, ibanga lochwepheshe	780
5.	I-alamu ilawulwa ama-transmitter kukhiye wefekthri, izinga eliyisisekelo lokuvikela	880
6.	I-sensor immobilizer	300
7.	Immobilizer transponder	400
8.	Inzwa ethukile	80
9.	Inzwa ye-ultrasonic	150
10	Inzwa yengilazi ephukile	100
11	Inzwa yokuphakamisa imoto	480
12	Inhlabamkhosi ene-self powered	100

PIMOT alamu ngezigaba

Ikilasi	I-alamu	Ama-immobilizers
Okudumile	Ikhodi ye-fob yokhiye yaphakade, izinzwa zokuvula i-hatch nezicabha, inhlabamkhosi yakho.	Ubuncane bokuvinjwa okukodwa kusekethe engu-5A.
Standard	Isilawuli kude esinekhodi eguquguqukayo, inhlabamkhosi nezibani ezixwayisayo, ukukhiya injini eyodwa, inzwa elwa nokuphazanyiswa, umsebenzi wokwethuka.	Izikhiye ezimbili kumasekhethi ane-current ye-5A, ukwenza kusebenze okuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokukhipha ukhiye ekushiseni noma ukuvala umnyango. Idivayisi imelana nokuhluleka kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhodi.
Isazi	Njengoba ngenhla, ngaphezu kwalokho inomthombo wamandla oyisipele, izinzwa ezimbili zokuvikela ukugqekezwa komzimba, ukuvimba amasekhethi kagesi amabili anesibopho sokuqala injini, nokumelana nokulimala kukagesi nokomshini.	Izingidi ezintathu kumasekhethi anomthamo ongu-7,5A, ukuzikhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo, imodi yesevisi, ukumelana nokukhishwa kwekhodi, ukwehla kwe-voltage, ukulimala kwemishini nogesi. Okungenani izifanekiso zokhiye eziyisigidi esingu-1.
okungeziwe	Njengenzwa yendawo echwepheshile neyemoto, i-alamu yomsakazo emelene nokugetshengwa nokugqekeza. Idivayisi kumele ingabi nankinga unyaka owodwa wokuhlola.	Izidingo kokubili ekilasini lochwepheshe kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza konyaka ongu-1.