Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nenqubo yokusebenza ye-Audi Quattro
Okuqukethwe
Umshini odumile we-4X4 Quattro ... Ngubani ongalazi leli gama, elidume kangaka kubathandi bezimoto ezinhle? Kodwa-ke, uma leli gama selicishe laba yinganekwane, udinga ukubhekisisa ukuthi lifaka ini, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi kunomehluko omuhle phakathi kweQuattro neQuattro!
Ngakho-ke sizobona izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zeQuattro ezikhona ezimotweni zeVolkswagen Group, ngoba yebo, amanye amaVolkswagen nawo ayazuza kuzo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlelo ezintathu eziyinhloko: enye yezinjini zangaphambili ze-longitudinal, enye yezinjini zangemuva ezingemuva (kuyaqabukela, i-R8, i-Gallardo, i-Huracan ...) futhi eyokugcina yezimoto ezivame kakhulu (i-transverse engine).
Zisebenza kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeQuattro
Manje ake sibhekisise ukwakheka nokusebenza kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeQuattro.
I-Quattro TORSEN yenjini ye-longitudinal (1987-2010)
I-A6 enezimoto ezinde
I-Torsen ilinganisela ngokulinganayo umehluko wejubane phakathi kwama-asi amabili (uma kukhawulwe ku-70% lapho-ke singaba nokusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kwama-30% / 70% noma ama-70% / 30%).
ukuhweba: ukwenziwa / ukuhlala unomphela
Ukusakaza umbhangqwana ngaphambi / emuva : 50% - 50%
(nge-traction elinganayo phakathi kwe-asi yangaphambili nangemuva)
Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi : kusuka ku-33% / 67% (noma ngakho-ke i-67% / 33%) kuya ku-20% / 80% (noma i-80% / 20%) ngokuya ngohlobo lweTorsen (kuya ngesimo samazinyo namagiya afundwe nguTorsen)
Inselelo: Nciphisa ukuslayida phakathi kwengaphambili nangemuva ukuze ukwazi ukuphuma ezindaweni ezishelelayo.
Nakhu okuncane kwangaphakathi kweTorsen, indlela esebenza ngayo ivimbela uhlangothi olulodwa ekuguqukeni ngaphandle kokuhambisa olunye, ngokungafani nokwehluka okuvamile. Lapha, imoto ijikeleza yonke indawo yokuhlala (egqanyiswe ngwevu), enezinsimbi ezimbili (amasondo angaphambili nangemuva) axhunywe ngamagiya ukukhawulela umehluko wejubane phakathi kwazo (isiliphu esidumile esilinganiselwe).
Lokhu kungukudlulisa njalo ngakho-ke idlulisa i-torque kuma-asi
isitebela phambili naphambili
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I-torque iqala kusuka enjinini, idluliselwe ebhokisini, bese konke kuya ekuhlukeni kwesiliphu sokuqala seTorsen limited (I-TorUSep ngoba I-Torlokho Sencula). Ukusuka kulo mehluko, siya emuva naphambili ngokuhlukana okungu-50/50. Akunakwenzeka ukunqamula ngokuphelele i-asi engemuva noma yangaphambili lapha, amasondo amane ahlala ethola i-torque, noma incane. Umehluko weTorsen uzoba (angikwazi ukuqinisekisa okwamanje) ohluke kancane kulayini wama-SUV okunethezeka (afaneleke kancane ukuwela): iTouareg, Q7, Cayenne.
Womabili ama-asi angemuva nangasemuva anokuhluka okujwayelekile (awukho umkhawulo wesiliphu) osabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwamasondo angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla. Kepha kunezinguqulo ezithuthuke kancane zeQuattro eyenzelwe izinhlobo zezemidlalo.
Okokugcina, ukukhipha i-torque kungasetshenziswa lapha yi-ESP edlala emabhulekini, ngakho-ke ithuthukiswe kakhulu kune-torque vectoring yomehluko ongemuva weQuattro Sport.
I-Quattro CROWN GEAR (pinion / flat gear) yemoto yesikhathi eside (2010 -…)
Q7 enezimoto ezinde
Le nguqulo (kusukela ngo-2010) isebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwecala lokudlulisa. Lokhu kuvumela amakhono emoto ukuthi alungiswe. okulinganayo phakathi kwama-asi ahlukene ngenxa yokuvinjwa okungaphezulu noma okungabalulekile kwe-viscous clutch.
Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu kungukuhambisa okungapheli okuzohlala kudlulisa i-torque ngaphambili nangemuva (yize kunjalo ukuguquguquka kwe-torque kungashintshwa phakathi kwama-asi kuye nge-clutch, kepha kuzohlala kukhona izithandani ezizokwenzeka kubo) ...
ukuhweba: ukwenziwa / ukuhlala unomphela
Ukusakaza umbhangqwana ngaphambi / emuva : 60% - 40%
(nge-traction elinganayo phakathi kwe-asi yangaphambili nangemuva)
Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi : kusuka ku-15% / 85% kuye ku-70% / 30% kuye ngomehluko wokubambelela phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva. Lokhu kuyalingana, njengoba ubona kusuka ezingeni lokusatshalaliswa okungenzeka phakathi kwengaphambili nangemuva.
Inhloso: Ukudlala ngothando nabathengi beBMW ngokuchaza ukuthi ungakwazi
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Amandla angama-85% ngemuva (ku-BMW besihlala siyi-100%)
Insimbi (yezindlu) yomehluko (unxande omnyama ozungeze yonke into) ixhunywe ku-axle yesikhungo efakwe amagiya eplanethi ("ama-sprocket amancane ampunga" axhumanisa imiphini yangaphambili nangemuva, ngaleyo ndlela iholele kuma-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva).
Umphini oluhlaza oholela ku-asi engemuva ungahanjiswa nensimbi ngokusebenzisa imichilo yamapuleti amaningi ebonakala endaweni ewolintshi. Le yi-viscometer (ikuvumela ukuthi ube nesiliphu esilinganiselwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-diff eyisisekelo engavimbeli ukushelela): ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-clutches aluhlaza nokumpunga kwenzeka uma kukhona umehluko ngesivinini (lokhu kuyisimiso se-viscous clutch, amafutha e-cabin ayanda lapho eshisiwe, okuvumela ukuthi ama-clutch ukuze ahlangane ndawonye ngoba i-silicone iyakhula uma kushisa, futhi umehluko wesivinini phakathi kwama-clutch ubangela ukuyaluza okushisisa uwoyela we-silicone). Lokhu kubangela ukuthi insimbi yokuhlukanisa ihambisane ne-axle shaft yangemuva uma kukhona umehluko wejubane phakathi kwakho kokubili.
Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala kungama-60 (ngemuva) / 40 (ngaphambili) ngoba amagiya e-asi eksisi (ansomi) awathinti amarimu (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani) endaweni efanayo (ngaphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-blue = 40). % noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokuluhlaza = 60%). I-torque yehlukile kunesisekelo ngoba kunomphumela ohlukile wokuphakamisa.
Onke amandla adlula kushaft emnyama ewela ngaphezulu kwe-shaft eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (eholela ku-axle yangaphambili). Lokhu kuzungezisa i-ekseli elixhunywe kwizindlu ezahlukile, ngakho-ke amagiya elanga. La magiya elanga axhunywe kumagiya ayizicaba (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza "ama-flywheels").
Uma isivinini esiphakathi komgodi ongemuva nendawo yokuhlala eyahlukene sikhula, abicah: okuhlanganiswayo kunanyathiselwe komunye nomunye, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ishafula lemoto lizoxhunywa ngqo ku-asi engemuva (ngensimbi exhunywe nenjini, kepha futhi kuzobhekiswa ku-asi engemuva uma ukuhlangana kwe-viscous kusebenza Kulokhu, sine-85% ye-asi engemuva bese kuthi i-15% ye-axle yangaphambili (situation = loss of traction on the front axle).
Ithiyori engenhla bese usebenza ngezansi.
I-Differential Crown Gear - I-Audi Emotion Club AUDIClopedia
I-Quattro Ultra (2016 -…)
ukuhweba: kuyasebenza / akuhlali unomphela
Ukusakaza umbhangqwana ngaphambi / emuva : 100% - 0%
(nge-traction elinganayo phakathi kwe-asi yangaphambili nangemuva)
Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi : kusuka ku-100% / 0% kuya ku-50% / 50%
Okuqondiwe; Nikela ngamasondo onke anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu, noma ngabe kusho ukunikela ngezikhulu zamadivayisi adlule.
Imodi yokudonsa, isikhathi esiningi (njenge-Haldex), umgomo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukungabi nasici kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Le nguqulo yamuva kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kwalokhu, sikhuluma ngokufaka isondo leCrow ngedivayisi engaxhumeki. Lesi sakamuva singakwazi ukuqaqa shaft yangemuva ukuze sikwazi ukushintshela emzamweni wokudonsa ngamandla, ngakho-ke akusadluliswa unomphela ... Ngakho-ke uhlelo lufana kakhulu neHaldex, kepha abakwa-Audi benza konke ukusenza sicabange ngakho njengoba kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. ngangokunokwenzeka (uphawu olwazi kahle idumela eliphansi kakhulu leHaldex ngokuqhathaniswa neTorsen neCrown Gear). Kukhona nokuhlangana okumbili ngapha nangapha kwe-ekseli langemuva ukukhipha i-shaft enkabeni, njengoba ukuyijikelezisa (noma ku-vacuum) kudinga amandla. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi iTorsen / Crown Gear iyazinakekela futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kanti lolu hlelo ludinga ukulawulwa ikhompyutha exhunywe ezinhlakeni eziningi zezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ithembeke kancane, kepha futhi ingahlali isikhathi eside njengoba ama-disc engashisa (ibuye ikhawulelwe ku-torque engu-500 Nm, ngokungafani neQuattro yakudala eneTorsen).
Le divayisi isondele ngokumangazayo ohlelweni lwePorsche olutholakala kwi-Macan, noma ngabe ama-brand enza konke ukudaka amanzi futhi enze sengathi awana lutho olufanayo (empeleni, lokhu akulona iqiniso, izinto zezinto eziningi ziyafana, futhi kaningi ne-ZF. edweba konke) ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, icishe ibe yisimiso esifanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi umehluko wePorsche uvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-traction noma i-traction (i-traction kuphela noma i-4X4 ku-Quattro Ultra enomehluko oguquguqukayo wama-multi-disc) .
Ngendlela esebenza ngayo, singasho ukuthi lokhu kuphambene ngokuphelele neXDrive, njengoba idivaysi ye-BMW iqhubeka ngokuxhuma injini ngemuva futhi, uma kunesidingo, inamathisela i-asi yephambili ekudlulisweni. Lapha i-asi engemuva ihlale ixhumekile futhi, uma kunesidingo, i-asi engemuva ixhunywe kuketanga lokudlulisa futhi ithatha i-torque engu-50%.
Lapho kutholakala ukulahleka kwe-traction ku-axle yangemuva, shaft shaft yangemuva ixhunywe kuketanga lokuhambisa.
Nansi "umehluko" odumile oshintshwayo (obomvu - bamba)? Ngeshwa, ilinganiselwe ku-500 Nm we-torque, okufakazela ukudonsa kwayo okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa neQuattro endala neTorsen.
2018 Audi Q5 quattro Ultra INDLELA ESEBENZA NGAYO IKHIYE ENTSHA Emaphakathi - i-Audi [Old Torsen] DIFFERENTIAL AWD
IQuattro yemoto eguqukayo
Q3 motor transverse
ukuhweba: kuyasebenza / akuhlali unomphela
Ukusakaza umbhangqwana ngaphambi / emuva : 100% - 0%(nge-traction elinganayo phakathi kwe-asi yangaphambili nangemuva)
Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi : kusuka ku-100% / 0% kuya ku-50% / 50%
Inhloso: Ukukwazi ukunikela ngamasondo amane ezimotweni ezincane zeqembu ngenxa yomkhiqizi wemishini iHaldex / Borgwarner.
Nayi i-Audi TT, kodwa iyafana kuwo wonke umuntu.
I-Haldex 5. Isizukulwane - Isebenza kanjani
Konke kuhluke ngokuphelele lapha, ngoba sibhekene nokwakhiwa okuhluke ngokuphelele. Ukuhlelwa okunqamulelayo kukhulisa isikhala esitholakalayo emotweni ngokungcolisa ibhalansi yemoto (sikhumbula ukuthi lapha sikhohlwa ngamabhulokhi amakhulu nokusakazwa okunamandla kakhulu!).
Ngamafuphi, yonke into, njengenjwayelo, iqala ngenjini yomlilo / ibhokisi likamagiya langaphakathi. Ekukhishweni, sinomehluko ojikeleza ngokugcwele futhi oshayela i-shaft emaphakathi yokudlulisela ngegiya eliboniswe kumdwebo onsomi. Ngakho-ke, ingaphakathi lomehluko wangaphambili lihlukaniswe laba izingxenye ezimbili zamasondo angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla.
Ekupheleni komshini wokudlulisa oxhumanisa ngaphambili nangemuva yiHaldex edumile, ephikisana kakhulu nabathandi. Ngempela, wonke umuntu (noma kunalokho, abantu abazimisele ngezimoto) balazi kahle iqhawe leHaldex / Torsen ...
Eqinisweni, i-Torsen ne-Haldex ayinandaba ukuthi enye iwukuhluka okulinganiselwe futhi enye iyisistimu ye-clutch ye-multi-plate clutch (i-hydroelectric), ngakho-ke izama ukudlala indima yokuhlukanisa.
Kulokhu kulungiselelwa, imoto ayikwazi ukuthola ngaphezulu kwe-50% yetorque ye-asi engemuva futhi lokhu kulula ukuyiqonda ngokubheka isithombe esingenhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wenziwa kakhulu ngemodi yokudonsa, futhi ingemuva ingavalwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthola i-torque: I-Haldex ayixoshiwe futhi akusekho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-shaft yesikhungo nokwehluka kwangemuva.
Umehluko weHaldex / Torsen?
Umehluko phakathi kwabo ubalulekile. I-Torsen iwumehluko osebenzayo osebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuzimele. Ihlinzeka nge-torque engaguquki kuwo womabili ama-axles (i-torque iyahluka kodwa amandla ahlala edluliselwa kuwo wonke amasondo). I-Haldex idinga ikhompuyutha nama-actuator ukuze isebenze, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uwukusabela.
Ngenkathi iTorsen isebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi, iHaldex ilinda ukulahleka kwe-traction ngaphambi kokubandakanya, kubangele isikhathi esincane sokuphumula esinciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani neTorsen, lolu hlelo lushisa ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yokushayisana kwama-disc: ngakho-ke, ngombono, aluhlali isikhathi eside.
Ihluzo zeQuattro Sport / Vector / ivolumu yeTorque
Inselelo: Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza ekhoneni lemoto nokukhawulela isithuthuthu semvelo esidalwe yi-Audi (injini yayo eya phambili kakhulu).
Kukhona umehluko weTorsen noma weCrown Gear lapha.
IQuattro Sport iqukethe umehluko wezemidlalo ocwengeke kakhulu ngemuva. Ngempela, lokhu okulandelayo kusivumela ukuba siphakamise i-vector pair edumile (esivame ukuyazi ngesiNgisi: I-Torque Vectoring. Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuhlinzwa).
Lesi sakamuva siqukethe imichilo yamapuleti amaningi kanye namagiya aseplanethi ahlelwe ngumoya.
Chofoza lapha ukuthola okuningi
Ukuvela kweQuattro: synthesis
Ukuvela kwe-longitudinal Quattro: en bref
Ngaphandle kwezimoto ezinqamulelayo noma ezifakwa ngemuva, uhlelo lweQuattro selusizukulwaneni sesithupha. Ngakho-ke, iqukethe ukuvuselela wonke amasondo emoto ngosizo lwemishini yokudlulisa nokuhlukahluka okuningi.
Isizukulwane sokuqala sivele ekuqaleni kwawo-80s (ncamashi u-81), sasinokuhlukahluka okungu-3: esisodwa ngaphambili esiyingqayizivele, ezimbili phakathi nendawo nangemuva, ezingakhiywa (ngaphandle kokuhambisa noma ukuguquguqula, kukhiyiwe).
Lokhu kwakungokwesizukulwane sesibili, lapho umehluko wesikhungo wawuhlanganiswa yiTorsen, umehluko wesiliphu elinganiselwe futhi akusenguye kuphela okhiye wokuhlukanisa. Lokhu-ke kuvumela amandla angaphambili / angemuva ukuthi ahlelwe phakathi kuka-25% / 75% noma okuphambene nalokho (75% / 25%) esikhundleni sokuvimba u-50/50 njengasesizukulwaneni sokuqala.
Ngemuva kwalokho uTorsen naye wamenywa kwi-axle yangemuva esizukulwaneni sesithathu, azi ukuthi eyokugcina isetshenziswe kuphela kwi-Audi V8 ka-1988 (lena yi-A8 yesikhathi esizayo, kepha ayikalitholi igama okwamanje).
Isizukulwane sesine songa kancane (asigcini ngokunikezela ngama-limousine okunethezeka njenge-Audi V8) ngomehluko wakudala ongemuva (ongakhiywa ngogesi, yingakho amabhuleki nge-ESP).
Uhlelo luguquke kanjalo, lwagcina ifilosofi efanayo kuze kube yilolu suku ngokuthuthukisa ikhono eliphakathi likaTorsen lokushintsha njalo i-torque edluliswayo phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva (manje aze afike kuma-85% ngemishini ku-asi kanye ne-100% ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-ESP okuwenza ukujabulele ukusebenzisa uhlelo njengoba bekungaba njalo ngogesi ohlanzekile).
Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela umehluko wezemidlalo (obekwe ku-ekseli, akuyona umehluko wangaphambili / ongemuva, kepha ngakwesokunxele / kwesokudla) ku-asi engemuva yokuzikhethela noma kwezinye izimoto zemidlalo (S5, njll.). Lobu ubuchwepheshe obudumile be-torque vectoring obudume kakhulu phakathi kwabo bonke abakhiqizi be-premium, ayihlobene nje neQuattro kuphela.
Kwabe sekufika iQuattro Ultra (sihlala sikhuluma ngezimoto ezakhiwe ngobude), ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Akusekho ukudluliswa okungapheli, kungahlukaniswa ngokuphelele (i-asi engemuva ngokusobala) ukonga amandla.
Ngakho-ke, uma sikufingqa (sazi ukuthi ukuklanywa kwezinsuku akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba isikhathi singafaka izimoto ezinezizukulwane eziningana zeQuattro. Isibonelo: ngo-1995, i-Audi yathengiswa ngeQuattro 2, 3 noma 4 ...) :
- Isizukulwane 1 Quattro: 1981 - 1987
- Isizukulwane sesibili seQuattro Torsen: 2 - 1987
- IGeneration 3 Torsen Quattro: 1988 - 1994 (kuphela kukhokho we-A8: Audi V8)
- Isizukulwane sesibili seQuattro Torsen: 4 - 1994
- Isizukulwane sesibili seQuattro Torsen: 5 - 2005
- I-Quattro 6th generation Crown Gear: kusukela ngo-2011
- Isizukulwane seQuattro 7 Ultra (esifanayo nesizukulwane 6): kusuka ngo-2016
I-Evolution du Quattro Transversal: en bref
I-Audi / Volkswagen group ibuye ithengise izimoto eziningi ezidumile ezinenjini (A3, TT, Golf, Tiguan, Touran, njll.), Kulezi zinhlobo kwakudingeka ukunikela ngamasondo amane.
Yilapho iQuattro inikelwa khona ngeVolkswagen, Seat neSkoda, ngoba akusiyona iQuattro yangempela ehlanza uthando.
Uma ngabe le divayisi ibihamba kancane ekuphenduleni ekuqaleni kwayo (kusebenze i-ekseli elingemuva), kusukela lapho iqhubekele phambili kakhulu ngesizukulwane sesihlanu sanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, kunengqondo ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ilinganiswe kuneQuattro yenjini ende eyenzelwe izimoto zikanokusho kakhulu. Le divayisi yasungulwa abaseSweden, hhayi i-Audi.
Ukuxhumana kwePorsche?
Noma ngabe i-Porsche yenza konke okusemandleni ukuyicindezela, ama-Quattro drivetrains ayimvumelwano kakhulu, uma kungewona ubunikazi. Uma sikhuluma ngeCayenne, singakhuluma ngeQuattro. I-Macan ivele yashintsha isikhungo se-Haldex ngohlelo olucishe lufane ne-Quattro Ultra (i-Torsen ekhishwayo). Umehluko lapha ukuthi singathumela u-100% phambili noma emuva, kanti iQuattro ultra ilinganiselwe ekuguquleni imoto ukuthi idonse. Ngenye indlela iyafana ne-Vectoring engasemuva ehlukanisiwe kanye ne-PDK gearbox, empeleni eyi-S-Tronic (kanye ehlinzekwa yi-ZF). Kodwa shhh, ngizothethiswa uma lokhu kuphuma...
