Ukushintsha igiya kumakhenikha

Njengoba cishe uyazi, ukudluliswa kwesandla kusengenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokudlulisela. Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bakhetha ibhokisi elinjalo ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zokuthutha okuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo, ukunethezeka kalula, ukulungiswa, kanye nekhono lokushayela imoto ngokugcwele.

Ngokuqondene nabaqalayo, ubunzima kuphela kubashayeli be-novice ubunzima bokufunda ukushayela imoto nge-manual transmission. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukudluliswa kwemishini kusho ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile komshayeli (amagiya ashintshwa ngesandla).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli kudingeka ukuthi acindezele njalo i-clutch ngenkathi eshayela ukuze akhethe kahle igiya elifunayo, ecabangela imithwalo yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, isivinini semoto, izimo zomgwaqo, ukudluliswa kwezandla, njll.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amagiya kumakhenikha: ukushayela imoto nge-manual transmission

Ngakho-ke, lapho ushayela imoto nge-transmission manual, udinga ukuqonda isimiso sokushintsha igiya. Okokuqala, lapho ushintsha igiya liye phezulu noma phansi, futhi lingathathi hlangothi, kubalulekile ukucindezela i-clutch.

Ngamagama alula nje, i-clutch no-gearbox kuhlobene kakhulu, njengoba ukunqamula i-clutch kwenza injini no-gearbox “ungabi namandla” ukuze usuke kwelinye igiya uye kwelinye.

Ngokuqondene nenqubo ye-gearshift ngokwayo, ngokushesha siqaphela ukuthi kunezindlela ezahlukene (kuhlanganise nezemidlalo), kodwa uhlelo oluvame kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-clutch, ukuguqulwa kwegiya, ngemva kwalokho umshayeli ekhulula i-clutch.

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi uma i-clutch icindezelekile, okungukuthi, lapho ushintsha amagiya, kuba nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwamandla ukusuka enjini kuya kumasondo okushayela. Imoto ngalesi sikhathi imane igingqika. Futhi, lapho ukhetha igiya, kubalulekile futhi kuyadingeka ukucabangela isivinini lapho imoto ihamba khona.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokukhetha okungalungile kwesilinganiso segiya, ijubane lenjini "lizokhuphuka" kakhulu noma liwele kakhulu. Esimweni sesibili, imoto ngesivinini esiphansi ingamane imise, i-traction iyanyamalala (okuyingozi uma idlula).

Esimweni sokuqala, lapho igiya "liphansi" kakhulu ngokuphathelene nesivinini sokunyakaza, ukungqongqoza okunamandla kungase kuzwakale lapho i-clutch ikhishwa kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, imoto izoqala ukwehlisa ijubane (kungenzeka ngisho nokwehla okubukhali, okusikhumbuza ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo), njengoba kuzokwenzeka okuthiwa yi-braking ye-injini kanye ne-gearbox.

Umthwalo onjalo ubhubhisa kokubili i-clutch kanye nenjini, ukuhanjiswa, ezinye izingxenye kanye nemihlangano yemoto. Ngokwalokhu osekushiwo ngenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi udinga ukushintsha kahle, usebenze ngokucophelela i-clutch pedal, ukhethe igiya elifanele, ucabangela izici eziningi nezimo, njll. Udinga ukushintsha ngokushesha ukuze ungaphazamisi ukugeleza kwamandla nokulahlekelwa kokudonsa. Ngakho lolu hambo luzomonga kakhulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Manje ake sithole ukuthi uzowashintsha nini amagiya. Njengomthetho, ngokusekelwe ezinkomba ezimaphakathi (isilinganiso sebanga lejubane kanye nezilinganiso zegiya zamagiya ngokwazo), ukushintshwa kubhekwa njengokufanelekile kwebhokisi lamagiya amahlanu anesivinini:

• Igiya lokuqala: 0-20 km/h
• Igiya lesibili: 20-40 km/h
• Igiya lesithathu: 40-60 km/h
• Igiya lesine: 60-80 km/h
• Igiya lesihlanu: ku-80 kuya ku-100 km/h

Ngokuqondene negiya elibuyela emuva, ochwepheshe abancomi ukuthi uzame ukulishayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ngoba kwezinye izimo ukulayishwa okuphezulu kubangela umsindo nokwehluleka kwebhokisi.

Siphinde sengeze ngokuthi lezi zibalo ezingenhla zingama-avareji, njengoba kufanele kubhekwe izici ezithile nezimo zomgwaqo. Isibonelo, uma imoto ingalayishiwe, ihamba emgwaqeni oyisicaba, akukho ukugoqa okucacile, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshe ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo olungenhla.

Uma imoto ishayelwa eqhweni, eqhweni, esihlabathini noma ngaphandle komgwaqo, imoto ikhuphuka intaba, idlula noma iqondise kuyadingeka, khona-ke ukushintsha kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha noma kamuva (ngokuya ngezimo ezithile). Kalula nje, kungase kudingeke "ukhuphule" injini ngegiya eliphansi noma i-upshift ukuvimbela ukujikeleza kwamasondo, njll.

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngokuvamile, igiya lokuqala liyadingeka kuphela ukuze imoto iqale. Eyesibili isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa (uma kunesidingo, esebenzayo) kuze kufike ku-40-60 km / h, eyesithathu ilungele ukudlula nokusheshisa ijubane lika-50-80 km / h, igiya lesine elokugcina isivinini esimisiwe futhi ukusheshisa okusebenzayo ngesivinini se-80-90 km / h , kanti eyesihlanu iyona "enomnotho" kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuba uhambe emgwaqeni omkhulu ngesivinini se-90-100 km / h.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amagiya ku-transmission manual

Ukuze ushintshe igiya udinga:

• khulula i-accelerator pedal futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ucindezele i-clutch pedal esitobhini (ungayicindezela kakhulu);
• ke, ngenkathi ubambe i-clutch, ngokushelela futhi uvale ngokushesha igiya lamanje (ngokuhambisa i-lever gear endaweni engathathi hlangothi);
• ngemuva kokungathathi hlangothi, igiya elilandelayo (phezulu noma phansi) lisebenza ngokushesha;
• Ungakwazi futhi ukucindezela kancane i-accelerator pedal ngaphambi kokuyivula, ukwandisa kancane isivinini senjini (igiya lizovula kalula futhi ngokucacile), kungenzeka ukunxephezela kancane ukulahlekelwa kwesivinini;
• ngemva kokushintsha igiya, i-clutch ingakhululwa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ukudonsa ngokucijile kungakanconywa;
• manje ungakwazi ukwengeza igesi futhi uqhubeke uhamba ngegiya elilandelayo;

Ngendlela, ukudluliswa kwesandla kukuvumela ukuthi ungalandeli ukulandelana okucacile, okungukuthi, isivinini singashintshwa ngaphandle kokuvula. Ngokwesibonelo, uma imoto ngesivinini 70 km / h ngegiya lesibili, ungakwazi ngokushesha uvule 4 nokunye.

Okuwukuphela kwento okudingeka uyiqonde ukuthi kuleli cala ijubane lizokwehla kakhulu, okungukuthi, ukusheshisa okwengeziwe ngeke kube kunamandla njengegiya lesi-3. Ngokufanisa, uma i-downshift ihileleke (isibonelo, ngemva kwesihlanu, ngokushesha okwesithathu), futhi isivinini siphezulu, isivinini senjini singakhula kakhulu.

 Okufanele ukubheke lapho ushayela umakhenikha

Njengomthetho, phakathi kwamaphutha avamile abashayeli be-novice, umuntu angakwazi ukukhipha ubunzima bokukhulula i-clutch lapho eqala, kanye nokukhetha igiya elingalungile ngumshayeli, ecabangela izimo ezithile kanye nesivinini semoto.

Ngokuvamile kwabaqalayo, ukushintsha kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, kuhambisana nama-jerks kanye nokungqongqoza, okuvame ukuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ngazinye kanye necala ngokwalo. Kwenzeka ukuthi injini ibuye ihlupheke (isibonelo, ukushayela ngegiya lesi-5 ukukhuphuka ngesivinini esiphansi), "iminwe" engaphakathi kwenjini bese ingqongqoza, i-detonation iqala.

Kuvamisile ukuthi umshayeli osaqalayo avuse kakhulu injini ngegiya lokuqala bese eshayela ngegiya lesibili noma lesithathu ehamba ibanga lika-60-80 km/h esikhundleni sokunyuka. Umphumela uba ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kukaphethiloli, imithwalo engadingekile enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye nokudlulisa.

Siphinde sengeze ukuthi ngokuvamile imbangela yezinkinga ukusebenza okungalungile kwe-clutch pedal. Isibonelo, umkhuba wokungafaki i-gearbox endaweni engathathi hlangothi lapho upaka erobhothini, okungukuthi, ukugcina i-clutch nama-brake pedals ecindezelwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho igiya lihlala libambekile. Lo mkhuba uholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kwe-clutch release bearing.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abashayeli bagcina unyawo lwabo ku-clutch pedal ngenkathi beshayela, baze bayicindezele kancane ngaleyo ndlela balawule ukudonsa. Lokhu futhi akulungile. Indawo efanele yonyawo lwesokunxele endaweni ekhethekile eduze kwe-clutch pedal. Futhi, umkhuba wokubeka unyawo lwakho ku-clutch pedal kuholela ekukhathaleni, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokugijima. Siyakuqaphela futhi ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa kahle isihlalo somshayeli ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela esiteringini, amaphedali kanye negiya lever.

Okokugcina, ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi lapho ufunda emotweni enomakhenikha, i-tachometer ingakusiza ukuthi ushintshe amagiya kagesi oshintshwayo ngendlela efanele. Phela, ngokusho kwe-tachometer, ebonisa isivinini senjini, ungakwazi ukunquma isikhathi sokushintsha kwegiya.

Ezinjini zikaphethiloli zangaphakathi zomlilo, isikhathi esifanele singabhekwa mayelana nezinkulungwane ezingama-2500-3000 rpm, nezinjini zedizili - 1500-2000 rpm. Esikhathini esizayo, umshayeli uyajwayela, isikhathi sokushintsha sinqunywa indlebe kanye nokuzwa komthwalo enjinini, okungukuthi, isivinini senjini "sizwakala" ngokunembile.