Ngabe ukudonswa kwenjini kudingekile lapho kushintshwa uwoyela nokuthi uyifutha kanjani injini?
Okuqukethwe
Wonke umuntu othanda imoto ojwayelene kancane nedivayisi yemoto uyazi: imoto idinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi into yokuqala efika emqondweni ukubuyiselwa kuketshezi lobuchwepheshe nezihlungi.
Enkambisweni yokusebenza yesikhathi eside yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, uwoyela wenjini wenza insiza yawo, izakhiwo zawo zilahlekile, ngakho-ke uketshezi lobuchwepheshe lokuqala okufanele lubuyiselwe i-lubricant yenjini. Sesivele sixoxe kabanzi ngokubaluleka kwenqubo nemithethonqubo. ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile.
Manje ake sihlale embuzweni ovamile obuzwa ngabanikazi bezimoto abaningi: ingabe kunesidingo sokusebenzisa amafutha agelezayo, futhi uma kunjalo, kaningi kangakanani?
Kuyini ukukhipha injini?
Noma iyiphi iyunithi yamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza ingaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithwalo, kufaka phakathi eyomshini. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izingxenye ezihambayo ziguge. Ngisho noma imoto ifakiwe ngokwanele, ngezinye izikhathi ukugqoka kuyavela kwezinye izingxenye. Lapho ifudunyezwa, uwoyela okuwo uba uketshezi, futhi ngaphezu komsebenzi wokususa ukushisa nokwenza ifilimu kawoyela, lolu ketshezi luphonsa nokushefa okuncane kakhulu epanini likaKatrera.
Umbuzo wesidingo sokuhlanza injini ungavela ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthengwa kwezimoto emakethe yesibili. Umshayeli wemoto ozihloniphayo nenqubo yakhe uzonakekela ihhashi lakhe lensimbi ngonembeza. Munye kuphela ongeke aqiniseke ukuthi wonke umuntu osebenza njengomthengisi wemoto esetshenzisiwe ungowalolu hlobo lwabashayeli.
Imvamisa kuba nabanikazi bezimoto abanesiqiniseko sokuthi kwanele ukufaka nje ingxenye entsha kawoyela enjinini, futhi izosebenza kahle. Akukho mbuzo ngokulungiswa okuhleliwe kwemoto enjalo. Noma imoto ibukeka ilungiswe kahle, igrisi ekuyo ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ngendlela, uma ungayinaki imithethonqubo yokufaka esikhundleni, uwoyela wenjini uyajiya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza isimo sibe sibi ngokwengeziwe.
Ukukhipha ukulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwiyunithi yamandla, umnikazi omusha akakwazi ukushintsha i-lubricant kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhambisa injini. Le nqubo isho ukukhipha igrisi elidala nokusebenzisa uketshezi olukhethekile ukuhlanza injini ezinsaleni zikawoyela wakudala (amahlule ayo kanye nentengezi engezansi kwesigaxa).
Esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani kufanelekile ukuhambisa injini ukushintshela kolunye uhlobo noma uhlobo lwamafutha. Isibonelo, endaweni ayikho indlela yokuthola i-lubricant yomkhiqizi othize, ngakho-ke kufanele ugcwalise i-analogue (yokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani uwoyela wenjini entsha yemoto yakho, funda lapha).
Ungashayela kanjani?
Ezitolo zezingxenye zezimoto, kulula ukuthola hhayi kuphela izikhundla ezisebenzayo zoketshezi lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla zamakhemikhali ezenzakalelayo. Injini ifakwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuphakama izinkinga ngokukhethwa koketshezi olufanele - umnikazi wemoto akaqiniseki ukuthi leli thuluzi lizolimaza injini yemoto yakhe noma cha. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukwakheka kwento kungafaka izinto, ubukhona bazo abuhlali bufaneleka njalo esimweni esithile. Esimweni esinjalo, izeluleko zikachwepheshe onekhono zizosiza.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokususa ukungcola okungenzeka kuqoqwe emotweni. Ake sizibheke ngokwehlukana.
Uketshezi olujwayelekile
Indlela yokuqala ukugeleza ngoketshezi olujwayelekile. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwayo, lawa ngamafutha afanayo emoto, kuphela iqukethe izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene nezakhi ezithinta amadiphozi amadala, ziwaxube ezingxenyeni zezingxenye futhi zisuse ngokuphepha ohlelweni.
Inqubo iyefana neyoshintsho olujwayelekile lwamafutha. Amafutha amadala akhanywa futhi uhlelo olungenalutho lugcwala uwoyela ocwebezelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngezincomo zomkhiqizi, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise imoto njengokujwayelekile. Kuphela impilo ye-injini kulolo ketshezi olufushane kakhulu - imvamisa ayidluli kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlanza kuzoba nesikhathi sokuhlanza ngokufanele zonke izingxenye. Ukuhlanza kuqedwa ngokukhipha ukuhlanzwa. Kulokhu, isihlungi sikawoyela kufanele futhi sithathelwe indawo esisha. Ngemuva kwenqubo, sigcwalisa uhlelo ngothambisa okhethiwe, esizoguqula ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi.
Okubi ngale ndlela ukuthi o-oyela abashayayo babiza kancane kunokujwayelekile, futhi ngenqubo yokuhlanza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi esikhathini esifushane, umshayeli kuzofanele ashintshe uketshezi kabili. Kwabanye, lokhu kuyisicefe esikhulu kwisabelomali somndeni.
Kulokhu, bathambekele ekufuneni izindlela zesabelomali zokuhlanza imoto.
Ezinye izindlela
Uma, esimweni sokugudluza okuvamile, konke kuya ngezindleko zamafutha nokukhethwa kohlobo, khona-ke kunezindlela eziningi ezihlukile, futhi ezinye zazo zingaba nemiphumela emibi kumoto.
Ezinye izindlela zifaka:
- Ukushayela injini. Le nto inokwakheka okufanayo njengoketshezi olujwayelekile, kuphela okuqukethwe kwe-alkalis nezithasiselo zokufafaza kuzo kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, akunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise isikhathi eside. Ukuze uhlanze imoto, kuzodingeka ukhiphe isistimu bese uyigcwalisa ngalo mkhiqizo. Injini iyaqala. Uvunyelwe ukusebenza imizuzu eyi-15. Ngemuva kwalokho into leyo iyakhanywa bese kuthelwa i-grease entsha. Okubi ngalolu hlobo lwezimali ukuthi zibiza kakhulu kunoketshezi olujwayelekile, kepha zonga isikhathi;
- Uketshezi lokuhlanza olusebenza imizuzu emihlanu. Ithuluzi elinjalo lithululelwa ngaphambi kokushintsha i-lubricant. Amafutha amadala athola izindawo zokugungxula. Imoto enento esebenzayo iyaqala, ngejubane eliphansi kufanele isebenze ubuningi bemizuzu engu-5. Bese kukhishwa uwoyela omdala. Ukungahambi kahle kwalokhu nezindlela zangaphambilini ukuthi inani elincane lezinto ezinolaka lisekhona ohlelweni (ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye abakhiqizi batusa ukufaka uwoyela omusha futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla). Uma ugcwalisa igrisi entsha, izokwenza umsebenzi wokugudluza, bese umshayeli ecabanga ukuthi injini yemoto yakhe ihlanzekile. Eqinisweni, imikhiqizo enjalo inomthelela omubi kuma-liners, izimpawu, ama-gaskets nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngenjoloba. Umshayeli wemoto angasebenzisa le ndlela kuphela engozini nasengozini yakhe;
- Ukuhlanza umshini. Ngokuyinhloko, ezinye iziteshi zesevisi zisebenzisa le ndlela ukuguqula uketshezi oluhleliwe. Ithuluzi elikhethekile lixhunywe entanyeni yokukhipha uwoyela, esebenza kumgomo wokuhlanza umshini. Imunca ngokushesha uwoyela wakudala kanye nesidumbu. Ngokusho kwabasebenzi abasebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuhlanza, uhlelo luhlanzwa ngamadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Yize le nqubo ingeke ilimaze iyunithi, ayikwazi ukususa ngokuphelele uqweqwe;
- Ukuhlanzwa kwemishini. Le ndlela kungenzeka kuphela ngokudiliza ngokuphelele nokuqaqa imoto. Kunamadiphozithi anzima kangako angasuswa nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Kulokhu, umsebenzi kufanele unikezwe uchwepheshe owenze inqubo efanayo kaningi. Injini idilizwe ngokuphelele, zonke izingxenye zayo zigezwe kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-solvent, i-diesel kaphethiloli ingasetshenziswa. Kuyiqiniso, "ukugeleza" okunjalo kuzobiza kakhulu kunowoyela ogelezayo ojwayelekile, ngoba ngaphezu kokuhlangana, imoto nayo idinga ukushunywa kahle;
- Ukugeza ngophethiloli kadizili. Le ndlela ibidume kakhulu phakathi kwabashayeli bezimoto ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi. Ngokombono wethiyori, lesi sigaba sikaphethiloli sithambisa kahle zonke izinhlobo zamadiphozithi (ezimweni eziningi, zihlala ezingxenyeni). Le ndlela ibisetshenziswa ngabanikazi bezimoto ezindala, kepha abanikazi bezimoto zesimanje kungcono ukuhlala kude nayo, ngoba omunye wemiphumela emibi yokuwashwa okunjalo yindlala kawoyela ngenxa yokuthi idiphozi ethambile iyakhipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ivimbe okubalulekile isiteshi.
Ungalukhetha kanjani uketshezi olushayayo?
Iningi labakhiqizi bezinto zokugcoba zamayunithi wemoto azikhiqizi uwoyela kuphela, kodwa futhi neziphuzo zokuhambisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, batusa ukusebenzisa iziphuzo ezifanayo ezivela kumkhiqizo ofanayo.
Lapho ukhetha uketshezi, kufanele unake ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinjini olusebenza kulo futhi olungasebenzi ngalo. Ilebuli izokhombisa ukuthi ingabe into iyifanele yini injini yomlilo yangaphakathi enophethiloli, kukaphethiloli noma kudizili.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe futhi: lapho i-ejenti isebenza ngokushesha, ingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezintweni zokuvala uphawu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi uqaphele iziphuzo ezinjalo. Kuyasiza ukwaba imali yokugungxuza okujwayelekile, okunconyelwa ngumenzi, kunokushintsha izingxenye zenjoloba zophiko kamuva.
Ekuphetheni, bukela ividiyo emfushane lapho ushayela imoto:
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Indlela yokuhlanza injini kahle? Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa uwoyela wokuhluza. I-grease endala iyachithwa, i-flushing iyathululwa. Injini iqala imizuzu engu-5-20 (bheka ukupakisha). I-flush iyakhanywa futhi kufakwe amafutha amasha.
Indlela yokuhlanza kahle injini kusuka ku-carbon deposits? I-Decarbonization ithululelwa emgodini wekhandlela (amakhandlela avuliwe), elinde isikhathi esithile (bheka ukupakisha). Amapulaki afakwe ngesikulufu, vumela injini isebenze ingasebenzi ngokujikeleza kwegesi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Indlela yokukhipha injini kusuka kumadiphozithi we-oyela carbon? Ezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise "imizuzu emihlanu" (izincibilikisi eziphilayo, ezithelwa emafutheni amadala ngaphambi kokushintshwa) noma i-decarbonization.
