Ingabe umhlabathi omubi ungadala ukuthi imoto ingaqalisi?

Imoto ingase ingaqalisi ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kungenzeka yini ukuthi inhlabathi embi ingaba imbangela? futhi yini esingayenza ukuze sikulungise, uma kunjalo? Ake sithole.

Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ubone izimpawu zezindawo ezimbi ezingase zibe khona, uqinisekise ukuthi umhlabathi omubi ngempela yini onecala, futhi ulungise inkinga ukuze uqale imoto yakho futhi.

Ngakho-ke, Ingabe imoto ayikwazi ukuqala ngenxa yokungaqini kahle komhlaba? Yebo, kungaba.  Ukubeka phansi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu kagesi yemoto.

Ngezansi ngizokufundisa ukuthi ungaziqaphela kanjani izimpawu zenhlabathi embi nokuthi ungaphinda uqalise kanjani ukuxhumana okuhle.

Yini i-grounding?

Okokuqala nje, yini i-grounding? Ukumiswa kwemoto kubhekisela ekuxhumekeni kwetheminali yebhethri enegethivu (-) emzimbeni wemoto kanye nenjini. Nakuba intambo yaphansi eyinhloko ngokuvamile iba mnyama, ungase uthole ukuthi kwasetshenziswa intambo yaphansi ehlukile ukuze kuxhunywe itheminali engalungile ku-chassis yemoto (intambo ephansi yomzimba).

Ukugcina umhlabathi omuhle kubalulekile ngoba umjikelezo kagesi emotweni iyisistimu ye-loop evaliwe. Igeleza isuka kutheminali yebhethri ephozithivu (+) iye kutheminali enegethivu (-), nawo wonke ama-electronics emoto axhunywe kule sekhethi. Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo nokungaphazamiseki kukagesi kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwawo wonke ama-electronics emoto.

Yini eyenza umhlabathi omubi

Uma unendawo embi, akusekho ukugeleza kukagesi okuqhubekayo nokungaphazamiseki kugesi wemoto. Kulesi simo, i-current ifuna enye indlela yokubuyela endaweni yebhethri. Lokhu kuphazamiseka noma ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza ngokuvamile kuyimbangela yezinkinga eziningi zikagesi.

Indawo embi ngeke ivamise ukuyiqeda ibhethri, kodwa ingabangela ukuthi ingashaji kahle futhi ibangele imoto inikeze amasignali angalungile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqaliseni okunzima, amapulaki e-spark axegayo noma anephutha (injini kaphethiloli) noma izinkinga zokudlulisa noma ze-heater (injini yedizili). Ukumisa phansi okungalungile kungathinta lonke uhlelo lukagesi lwemoto, okuhlanganisa nezinzwa zayo namakhoyili, futhi umonakalo omkhulu ungadinga ukulungiswa okumba eqolo.

Izimpawu zesisekelo esibi

Uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, kungase kubonise indawo embi:

Ukwehluleka kwe-elekthronikhi

Ukwehluleka kwe-elekthronikhi kwenzeka uma uqaphela, isibonelo, ukuthi izibani eziyisixwayiso kudeshibhodi ziyakhanya ngaphandle kwesizathu esibambekayo, noma zonke izibani zangemuva ziyakhanyisa lapho uhlose ukunikeza isignali eyodwa kuphela. Ngisho noma imoto icishiwe, ukungagxili kahle kungabangela ukuthi izibani zikhanyise. Noma yini engajwayelekile, engavamile, noma eyiphutha kuma-electronics ibonisa ukwehluleka.

Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinto zikagesi zemoto yakho, kungase kube ngenxa yokungaqini kahle phansi, nakuba kungase kube nesinye isizathu esibalulekile. Uma uqaphela iphethini ekwehlulekeni noma ekubukekeni kwe-DTC ethile, lokhu kungase kunikeze umkhondo wokukusiza ukuxazulula isimo.

amalambu akhanyayo

Amalambu afiphele noma alokozayo awuphawu olubonakalayo oluqaphelayo lapho ukhanyisa izibani zakho. Uma zicwayiza noma zishaya ngamandla, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yamandla kagesi ejeneretha angalingani.

I-generator low voltage

I-alternator voltage iphansi uma ukufundwa kungaphansi kakhulu kwebanga elivamile lama-volts angu-14.2-14.5. Ungakwazi ukubona lolu phawu kuphela ngemva kokuhlola i-alternator voltage.

i-cranking enzima

Ukuqala kanzima kwenzeka lapho isiqalisi sikhala lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe ukuqala imoto. Lesi yisimo esibucayi.

Injini ivutha kabi noma ayiqali

Uma injini yemoto yakho ingasebenzi kahle noma ingaqali, kungase kube ngenxa yenhlabathi embi. Lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi imoto idinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ezinye izimpawu

Ezinye izimpawu zokungaqini kahle komhlaba zihlanganisa ukuhluleka kwezinzwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukwehluleka kwephampu kaphethiloli okuphindaphindiwe, ubunzima bemoto ukuqala noma imoto ingaqali nhlobo, ukwehluleka kwekhoyili yomlilo, ukuphela kwebhethri ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka komsakazo, njll.

Ukuhlola Okujwayelekile Kokubekwa Okubi

Uma usola ukuthi kungase kube nesizinda esibi esivimbela imoto yakho ukuthi iqale kahle, bheka izinto ezilandelayo ukuze ulungise isimo:

Bheka indawo elungisiwe

Uma usanda kulungisa futhi izimpawu zesisekelo esibi zivele ngemva kwalokho, kufanele uqale uhlole izinkinga ezibalulwe ngezansi.

Hlola oxhumana nabo bamahhala

Ukuxhumeka kungase kuxege noma kuxege ngenxa yokudlidliza okuqhubekayo imoto ekuzwayo noma ngemva kokwenza umsebenzi othile wokulungisa. Bheka ukuxhumana phakathi kwebhethri, umzimba wemoto kanye nenjini, ikakhulukazi amantongomane nezikulufu. Ziqinise uma ubona noma yibaphi abathintwayo abaxekethile, noma zibuyisele uma imicu yazo yonakele.

Bheka umonakalo

Hlola izintambo ezilimele, izinsimbi, izintambo nezixhumi. Uma ubona ukusikeka noma ukuklebhuka kukhebula noma ibhande, isixhumi esilimele, noma ukuphela kwentambo ephukile, kungase kube inhlabathi embi.

Hlola Oxhumana Nabo Rusty

Zonke izinto ezithinta insimbi zingaphansi kokugqwala nokugqwala. Ngokuvamile, ibhethri lemoto livikelwa ngokulibeka phezulu endaweni yenjini nokusebenzisa amakepisi okuvikela amantongomane nezikulufu. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo aziqinisekisi ukuvikelwa okuphelele ekugqwaleni noma ekugqwaleni.

Hlola amatheminali ebhethri ukuze uthole izimpawu zokugqwala. Bheka izintambo eziphansi, izinsimbi, nezinsimbi zocingo ekugcineni kwazo. Wonke la maphuzu ngokuvamile atholakala ngezansi lapho ehlangana khona namanzi nomswakama, kanye nokungcola nokungcola.

Hlola ngokucophelela isisekelo esingesihle

Uma ukuhlola okuvamile okungenhla kuhluleka ukuhlonza imbangela yesizinda esibi, lungiselela ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu uzodinga multimeter.

Okokuqala, thola ugesi, i-chassis, injini, nokudluliswa kwemoto yakho. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubhekisele kumanuwali omnikazi wemoto yakho. Sizohlola lezi zizathu ngokulandelana okufanayo.

Ngaphambi kokuba siqale, noma kunjalo, khumbula ukuthi lapho uhlola ukubeka phansi, xhuma amatheminali ensimbi engenalutho, okungukuthi, indawo engapendiwe.

Hlola ukumiswa kukagesi

Hlola indawo kagesi ngokuxhuma iswishi yesiqalisi esikude kutheminali yebhethri ephozithivu (+) kanye nesinye isiphetho uye kutheminali ethi "s" ye-starter solenoid (noma i-starter relay, kuye ngemoto yakho).

Hlola i-Chassis Ground

Ukuhlolwa kwe-chassis ground kuveza ukumelana ku-chassis yemoto esetshenziswa njengendawo evamile yizingxenye zikagesi. Nazi izinyathelo:

Isinyathelo 1: Vala ukuthungela

Vala iginition (noma isistimu kaphethiloli) ukuze uvimbele injini ukuthi ingaqali ngephutha phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Faka ukudluliselwa

Setha igiya/ukudluliselwa kokungathathi hlangothi (noma ukupaka uma usebenzisa okuzenzakalelayo).

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Xhuma imikhondo ye-multimeter

Setha i-multimeter ibe yi-DC. Xhuma intambo yayo emnyama kutheminali yebhethri enegethivu (-) kanye nentambo ebomvu kunoma iyiphi indawo ehlanzekile ku-chassis, njengebhawodi noma ikhanda lesilinda.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Qala injini

Khipha injini imizuzwana embalwa ukuze ufunde. Ungase udinge umsizi ukuze uvule i-crankshaft ngenkathi uhlola ukufundwa. Akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0.2 volts. Uma i-multimeter ibonisa inani eliphakeme, lokhu kubonisa ukumelana okuthile. Kulokhu, uzodinga ukuqhubeka nokuhlola indawo ye-chassis.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Shintsha ukuxhumana okuholayo.

Nqamula ucingo olubomvu ukusuka endaweni yamanje ku-chassis uye kwelinye njengetheminali yaphansi eyinhloko.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: vula i-ignition

Vula i-ignition yemoto (noma isistimu kaphethiloli), qala injini bese uyiyeka ingasebenzi.

Isinyathelo sesi-7: Vula ingxenye kagesi

Vula izingxenye zikagesi ezinkulu njengezibani zangaphambili zemoto, izibani ezisizayo, ama-wiper, noma i-heater.

Isinyathelo sesi-8 Xhuma kabusha imikhondo ye-multimeter.

Nqamula intambo ebomvu lapho ixhunywe khona ku-chassis kuya ku-firewall yemoto bese uhlola kabusha ukufundwa kwama-multimeter.

Kufanele ilingane noma ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.2 volts. Ungase udinge ukuphinda lesi sinyathelo ukuze uthole amaphuzu ahlukene uze ubone i-voltage ephakeme endaweni eyodwa kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi kwenye. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, indawo ephakeme yokumelana izoba phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili okugcina lapho uxhume khona ucingo olubomvu. Bheka izintambo ezixegayo noma eziphukile nezixhumi kule ndawo.

Hlola indawo yenjini

Hlola umhlabathi wenjini ngokuthatha ukufundwa kokwehla kwamandla kagesi ukuze uthole noma yikuphi ukumelana endleleni yokubuya. Nazi izinyathelo:

Isinyathelo 1: Vala ukuthungela

Vala iginition (noma isistimu kaphethiloli) ukuze uvimbele injini ukuthi ingaqali ngephutha phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa. Kuphakathi kokuthi unqamule futhi uhlikihle ikhebula kusukela kusivalo sokusabalalisa uye isb. ubakaki wenjini/ibhawodi nge-jumper yocingo, noma khipha ifuse yepompo yesibaseli. Hlola imanuwali yomnikazi wemoto yakho ukuze uthole indawo yefuse.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Setha i-multimeter ibe yi-DC

Shintsha i-multimeter ibe yi-voltage ye-DC bese usetha ububanzi obumboza kodwa obudlule umthamo webhethri.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Xhuma imikhondo ye-multimeter

Xhuma intambo ye-multimeter emnyama kutheminali yebhethri enegethivu (-) kanye nomthofu wayo obomvu kunoma iyiphi indawo ehlanzekile enjinini.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Qala injini

Khipha injini imizuzwana embalwa ukuze ufunde. Ungase udinge umsizi ukuze uvule i-crankshaft ngenkathi uhlola ukufundwa. Ukufundwa akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-0.2 volts. Uma i-multimeter ibonisa inani eliphakeme, lokhu kubonisa ukumelana okuthile. Kulokhu, uzodinga ngaphezu kwalokho uhlole ubukhulu benjini.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Shintsha ukuxhumana okuholayo

Nqamula intambo ebomvu ukusuka endaweni yemoto iye ekugcineni kwenjini njengetheminali yaphansi eyinhloko.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Qala injini

Qala injini yemoto futhi ukuze ukale i-voltage futhi.

Isinyathelo sesi-7: Phinda izinyathelo ezimbili zokugcina

Uma kunesidingo, phinda izinyathelo ezimbili zokugcina, uxhuma kabusha ukuhola okubomvu kwe-multimeter kumaphuzu ahlukene emotweni, uze uthole ukufundwa okungaphezu kuka-0.2 volts. Uma ubona ukwehla kwe-voltage, kuzoba nendawo yokumelana okuphezulu phakathi kwendawo yamanje kanye nephuzu lokugcina lapho uxhume khona ucingo olubomvu. Bheka izintambo ezixegayo noma eziphukile noma izimpawu zokugqwala kule ndawo.

Hlola indawo yokudlulisela

Hlola indawo yokudlulisela ngokuthatha ukufundwa kokwehla kwamandla kagesi ukuze uthole noma yikuphi ukumelana endleleni yokubuya.

Njengasekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini komhlaba, hlola ukwehla kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwetheminali yebhethri yemoto kanye namaphoyinti ekesi lokudlulisela. I-voltage kufanele ibe ngu-0.2 volts noma ngaphansi, njengangaphambili. Uma ubona ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, uzodinga ukuhlola phakathi kwala maphuzu amabili axhunywe ucingo olubomvu ukuze uthole noma yimuphi umonakalo, njengoba wenzile ngaphambilini. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ususe ukugqwala, upende noma ugcobe. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izintambo zomhlaba ezilimele, zishintshe. Qedela ngokuhlanza zonke izisekelo zama-gearbox. (1)

Ukufingqa

Ake sithi ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko, ikakhulukazi uma zivela kaningi noma uma ezimbalwa zazo zivela ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kulesi simo, indawo yemoto yakho ingase ibe yimbi. Izinto okufanele uzibheke (njengoxhumana nabo abaxekethile, umonakalo, noxhumana nabo abagqwalile) zizoqinisekisa uma kunjalo. Uma kuqinisekisiwe, inkinga kufanele ixazululwe ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Hlola konke ukuxhumana okuphansi ngokulandela umkhondo wetheminali enegethivu yebhethri lemoto ukuya lapho ixhumeka khona emzimbeni wemoto futhi ukusuka lapho uye enjinini yemoto. Uma ubona ukwehluleka kwe-elekthronikhi, hlola konke ukuxhunywa komhlaba okuzungezile, okuhlanganisa nezixhumi ekhomishini yenjini nanoma yikuphi lapho zitholakala khona.

Ukugcina ukuxhumana okuhle komhlaba kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokuxhuma okungekuhle kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqala kahle kwemoto. (2)

Bheka ezinye zezihloko zethu ngezansi.

• Indlela yokuxhuma izintambo eziphansi komunye nomunye
• Indlela yokuhlola i-low voltage transformer
• Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Cen-Tech Digital Multimeter ukuze Uhlole I-Voltage

Izincomo

(1) upende - https://www.elledecor.com/home-remodeling-renovating/home-renovation/advice/a2777/different-types-paint-finish/

(2) uxhumano olubi - https://lifehacker.com/top-10-ways-to-deal-with-a-slow-internet-connection-514138634