Indlela yokuhlola inzwa yejubane - izindlela ezi-3 ezilula
Okuqukethwe
Ijubane lemoto kumele laziwe hhayi nje ukwazisa umshayeli. Amasistimu amaningi e-elekthronikhi asebenzisa inani lesivinini njengepharamitha yokufaka yokulawula okulungile kwamayunithi angaphansi. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokunquma leli nani, imvamisa inzwa ehlukile isetshenziswa ekudluliseni.
Inhloso kanye nendawo ye-DS
Inzwa yesivinini semoto (DS) yenza imisebenzi eminingi yohlelo:
- inikeza isignali kudeshibhodi ukuze yazise umshayeli ngefomethi yedijithali efundeka kalula noma yomcibisholo;
- kubika isivinini kuyunithi yokulawula injini;
- inikeza inani lesivinini ebhasini lolwazi olujwayelekile lemoto ukuze lisetshenziswe amasistimu okusiza abashayeli.
Ngokuhambisanayo, ulwazi lwejubane lungathathwa ku-ABS wheel speed sensors, idatha izoqhathaniswa namayunithi kagesi.
I-DS itholakala kwenye yezinto ezishintshayo, kungaba i-gearbox noma i-transfer case. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakusetshenziswa ukushayela okuqondile ukusuka kwelinye lamasondo.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa yesivinini
Eqinisweni, i-DS ayikali ijubane, kodwa ijubane lokuzungeza lengxenye okukhona kuyo igiya eliyindandatho. Leli nani lingashintshwa libe isivinini ngokushintshwa kwemishini noma nge-elekthronikhi, njengoba ukudlulisela kunobudlelwano obucacile nokwaziwayo phakathi kwefrikhwensi nesivinini ngosayizi wesondo ojwayelekile.
Ukufaka amathayi noma amasondo anosayizi ohlukile kuholela ephutha ekukaleni isivinini. Kanye nokwenziwa ngcono kwama-transmission ngokushintsha kwezilinganiso zamagiya ngemuva kwe-DS.
Izinzwa zingaba ngomshini noma ngogesi. I-Mechanical DS ayisasetshenziswa; ekuqaleni yayihlanganisa uhlobo lwegiya olugcina ngekhebula eliyisishehe. Ukuzungezisa kwekhebula kwadluliselwa kudeshibhodi, lapho kwakuxhunywe khona isimiso sikazibuthe kuyo.
Inkambu kazibuthe eshintshanayo idale imisinga kumakhoyili, akalwe nge-milliammeter yesikhombi esilinganiswe ngamavelu esivinini.
I-speedometer ewumphumela ngokuvamile yayihlanganiswa nekhawunta ye-rev engumshini - i-odometer eqopha isamba semayela nebanga lansuku zonke lemoto.
Izinzwa zikagesi zingasebenzisa izimiso ezahlukahlukene emsebenzini wazo:
- i-optical, lapho ugongolo ludlula ezikhaleni kudiski elijikelezayo;
- i-magnetoresistive, uzibuthe we-multipole ojikelezayo udala ushintsho kumingcele kagesi yesici sokuzwa;
- ukungeniswa, izingxenye zensimbi zishintsha ngokujikeleza insimu yamagnetic unomphela, okubangela ukushintshwa kwamandla kukhoyili yokulinganisa;
- Emthelela weHholo, inkambu kazibuthe eshintshanayo ilungiswa yikristalu ye-semiconductor ezwelayo kazibuthe, okuthi ngemva kwalokho umenzi wakhe enze ukulandelana kokwamukela amabhlokhi okushaya kwenhliziyo alungele ukusebenza.
Ngokuvamile kubuchwepheshe besimanje, kusetshenziswe amadivaysi anomphumela weHholo kanye nozibuthe owakhelwe ngaphakathi, okwazi "ukubala" amazinyo anoma yimuphi umqhele wensimbi odlulayo.
Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle
Uma i-DS ihluleka, i-electronics izokubona ngokushesha lokhu, udaba ngeke lukhawulelwe ukungabikho kwezinkomba kuphaneli yensimbi. Iphutha lizoboniswa ngokukhishwa kwekhodi ehambisanayo, iyunithi izongena kwimodi ephuthumayo, ezothinta ngokushesha umsebenzi.
Injini izoqala ukuma kancane ngenkathi ishayela, ukusetshenziswa kuzokwanda namandla azokwehla. Isiteringi samandla kagesi esisebenzisa ulwazi lwesivinini sizohluleka. Ikhompuyutha yohambo izoyeka ukusebenza.
Izindlela ezi-3 zokuhlola inzwa yesivinini
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezintambo zesignali. Lapha, okuvame kakhulu i-oxidation yoxhumana nabo, ukwephulwa kokuqedwa kwezintambo zibe izixhumi, ukugqwala kanye nokulimala kwemishini ezintanjeni. Bese uqhubeka nokuhlola inzwa ngokwayo.
Kufanele futhi uxhume idivayisi yokuxilonga ku-ECU futhi uhlolele amaphutha. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa Rokodil ScanX universal autoscanner.
Uma kungekho amaphutha kunzwa yesivinini, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa ukufundwa kwe-speedometer kanye nenzwa kuhlelo lokusebenza kusithwebuli ngenkathi ushayela. Uma imiphumela ihambisana, cishe inzwa ilandelana kahle.
Ukusebenzisa umhloli (i-multimeter)
Isignali ekuphumeni kwe-DS ngokomgomo weHholo kufanele ishintshe ngokuzungezisa igiya lokushayela lenzwa. Uma uxhuma i-multimeter kumodi ye-voltmeter futhi uzungezisa igiya, ungabona ushintsho ekufundeni (isignali ye-pulse) kububanzi bokusebenza benzwa ethile.
- susa inzwa emotweni;
- xhuma isixhumi futhi uhlole ubukhona bokunikezwa kwamandla okuhle kanye nokuxhumana nomhlabathi;
- xhuma i-voltmeter kuntambo yesiginali bese upheqa idrayivu ukuze ubuke ushintsho ekufundeni.
Konke okufanayo kungabhekwa kusixhumi sephaneli yensimbi noma isilawuli senjini, ngakho-ke i-wiring izophinde ihlolwe.
ngaphandle kokukhipha isilawuli
Awukwazi ukususa i-DS, ngokuletha ukushayela kwayo ekujikelezeni ngendlela engokwemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amasondo okushayela emoto axhunyiwe, injini iqala, emva kwalokho ngesivinini esiphansi kungenzeka ukucacisa ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesignali ngokusho kokufundwa kwe-voltmeter exhunyiwe.
Ukuhlola ngesilawuli noma isibani
Okukhishwayo kwenzwa kuvame ukuba yisekethe yomqoqi evulekile. Uma uxhuma inkomba yokulawula nge-LED noma isibani samandla aphansi phakathi kwamandla plus kanye nokuxhumana kwesignali kwenzwa, khona-ke ngemva kokuphotha, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, ungabheka ukucwayiza kwenkomba yokulawula.
Ungahlola kanjani idrayivu ye-DS
Ngokuvamile, amagiya okushayela e-DS enziwa ngepulasitiki, okuholela ekugugeni kwamazinyo. Uma inzwa izwakala ngogesi, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuzibandakanya.
Lokhu kungabonakala ngokubona lapho kuhlolwa amazinyo, noma ngokuskrola isondo lokushayela elithunyelwe, ukuze kubonwe ubukhona bokuzungezisa kwerotha yenzwa.
Imiyalo yokufaka esikhundleni
Ukushintsha inzwa akunzima; imvamisa ilungiswa kugearbox yezindlu ngesikulufu se-flange. Ngokukhulula lesi sikulufu futhi ukhiphe isixhumi, inzwa ingakhishwa futhi ifakwe entsha.
Ukufaka uphawu, i-gasket evamile noma i-sealant isetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokushintshwa, kuyadingeka ukusetha kabusha amaphutha amanje ngesithwebuli noma ngokukhipha kafushane ukuphela kwebhethri.
Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ngokuphelele umzimba webhokisi ezungeze inzwa ukuze ugweme ama-abrasives angena ku-crankcase. Izindawo eziseduze ziyasulwa ebhuqwini, kuwoyela nama-oxides.
