Wazi kanjani uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri lemoto yakho?

Ibhethri lingaphansi kokuguga kwemvelo ngenxa yokubilisa kwe-electrolyte, ukucwenga kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwamapuleti asebenzayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, lezi zinqubo zenzeka kancane futhi amabhethri asebenza ezimotweni Iminyaka engu-3-5.

Ngohambo olufushane olungavamile, umthwalo owengeziwe futhi ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, impilo yebhethri iyancipha, okuholela ukwehla kwamandla, inrush current kanye nokungenzeki kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ziyavela phakathi nenkathi ebandayo ngenxa yomthwalo owengeziwe ebhethrini futhi yehlise ukushaja kwayo ukusebenza kahle.

Mayelana nendlela ibhethri yemoto efa ngayo, yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa lokhu nokuthi ungaqonda kanjani uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri emotweni - sizokutshela kulesi sihloko.

isibonakaliso esiyisisekelo sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri emotweni ukwehla okusheshayo ku-voltage ngisho nangaphansi komthwalo omncane ngesikhathi sokupaka (inqobo nje uma ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kule modi kungaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile - akukho ngaphezu kuka-80 mA). Ngisho noma i-voltage yebhethri egijima phansi iphakanyiswe ku-12,7 V usebenzisa ishaja, kodwa ngemva kokuyifaka emotweni nokupaka amahora angaphezu kuka-12, iphinda yehla ibe ngu-12,5 nangaphansi - ishintshe. Kungenjalo, ngesinye isikhathi (ngokuvamile ekuseni kuneqhwa) ngeke ukwazi ukuqalisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kodwa kunezinye izinkomba nokuhlolwa okuzosiza ukunquma ukuthi uthenge ibhethri elisha.

Izimpawu zebhethri elifayo - nini ukubheka ngaphansi kwesivalo

Izimpawu zokuguga kwebhethri emotweni zivame ukubonakala kakhulu lapho uqala injini и ngomthwalo okhulayo kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi. Ezinye zazo zingase zibonise kokubili ukukhathala kwensiza yebhethri ngokwayo, noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushaja ngenxa yokuwohloka kwejeneretha noma ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile kwemishini.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zebhethri lemoto elifayo yilezi:

Izimpawu zebhethri elikhathele esibonelweni sikaLada Vesta: ividiyo

• i-starter icishe ishayele i-flywheel, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ijubane ngokusobala liyancipha lapho ukhiye noma inkinobho yokuqala ibanjelwe imizuzwana engaphezu kuka-2-3;
• ukukhanya kokukhanya kwezibani kanye nokukhanya kwengaphakathi kwehla kakhulu lapho injini icishiwe, futhi ngemva kokuqala inyuka kungazelelwe;
• ibhethri liya ku-zero ngemva kwamahora angu-12 okupaka;
• isivinini sokungenzi lutho siyehla lapho abathengi abengeziwe bevulwa, futhi lapho isiphephetha-moya sivulwa, injini ngezinye izikhathi iyama;
• ukuvula umthengi (ubukhulu nezibani zangaphambili, isistimu yomsindo, i-compressor yokupompa amasondo) endaweni yokupaka injini icishiwe kubangela ukwehla kwebhethri okuphawulekayo;
• Uma injini icishiwe, ama-wiper, amawindi kanye ne-sunroof kagesi kuhamba kancane futhi kube nzima.

Lapho ukhomba izimpawu ezichazwe, udinga ukubheka ngaphansi kwe-hood futhi hlola ibhethri. Izimpawu ezisobala zokuhluleka kwebhethri nezimbangela zazo zibalwe esigabeni esilandelayo.

Izimpawu nezimbangela zebhethri lemoto elifayo

Ibhethri eliqede impilo yalo lingahluleka noma kunini. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imoto ingase ingaqali lapho kubanda noma ngemva kohambo olufushane kaningana, ikesi lebhethri lingacekelwa phansi ngokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinto zikagesi ezisebhodini ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla kagesi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwukuba kubalulekile ukwandisa umthwalo ku-generator. Ngemva kokuqaphela izimpawu zebhethri elifayo, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqeda izimbangela zokubukeka kwazo, bese ushaja ibhethri noma uyishintshe.

Izimpawu zebhethri yemoto efayo nezimbangela zazo:

Inkinga yebhethri	Kungani lokhu kwenzeka	Okufanele ukhiqize
Ibhethri liyaphela ngokushesha	Yehlisa izinga le-electrolyte. Ukubhujiswa kwamapuleti asebenzayo.	Engeza i-electrolyte uma kungenzeka. Shintsha ibhethri.
Uqweqwe olumpunga olukhanyayo emapuletini	Ukushaja okujulile noma imodi yokushaja ibhethri enganele.	ukushaja ngokuchithwa kwebhethri noma shintsha ibhethri.
I-Hull iqhumile (awukho umonakalo)	Ukwakheka kwegesi ngokweqile ngenxa yokushajwa ngokweqile noma ukwehla kwezinga le-electrolyte. Izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ezivalekile.	Susa imbangela yokushajwa ngokweqile, buyisela izinga le-electrolyte bese ushaja ibhethri. Hlanza izimbobo zokungenisa umoya.
Imifantu nemifantu kukesi lebhethri	Ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kwezindlu ngenxa yokwanda kokwakheka kwegesi. Ukubanda kwe-electrolyte ngenxa yokwehla kokuminyana.	Shintsha ibhethri.
I-voltage ephansi kanye nokuminyana kwe-electrolyte ngemva kokushaja	Isibabule esivela ku-electrolyte siphenduka sibe yi-lead sulfate futhi sihlale emapuletini, kodwa asikwazi ukuncibilika ngenxa yokwakheka kwekristalu ngokweqile, ngakho ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kuncipha. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi i-electrolyte ibilise.	Shaja ibhethri futhi ulungise ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte. Uma lokho kungasizi, shintsha ibhethri.
I-Electrolyte emnyama noma ene-sediment	Ukubhujiswa kwenqwaba esebenzayo yamapuleti noma ukwakheka kwe-sulfate engancibiliki.	Ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa ngoba ayisalungiseki.
I-Plaque kumatheminali ebhethri	Ukubiliswa kwe-electrolyte ngesikhathi sokushaja ngenxa ye-sulfation yebhethri.	Gcwalisa ngamanzi acwengekile, shaja nge-desulfation, uma kungasizi, shintsha ibhethri.

Impilo yebhethri incike ohlotsheni lwayo:

• i-antimony eholayo evamile kanye ne-antimony ephansi - cishe iminyaka engu-3-4;
• i-hybrid ne-calcium - cishe iminyaka engu-4-5;
• I-AGM - iminyaka emi-5;
• ijeli (GEL) - iminyaka engu-5-10.

Izimpawu zokuguga kwebhethri lemoto zingavela kusenesikhathi ngokugijima okufushane, ukuqala njalo, izisetshenziswa eziningi ezengeziwe, njengesistimu ye-infotainment engekho eshalofini enama-amplifiers aphezulu nezipikha, noma ukungasebenzi kahle okuholela ekushajweni okungaphansi noma ekuchithweni ngokweqile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezimweni ezinhle kanye nokugcinwa okufika ngesikhathi Ibhethri lingahlala izikhathi ezingu-1,5-2 ubude Usuku olumisiwe.

Ungabheka kanjani ukuthi ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa

Ngokuqinisekile, isidingo sokushintsha ibhethri yomshini sikhonjiswe kuphela ngokulimala kwecala, ukubhujiswa noma ukujikeleza okufushane kwamapuleti. Kwezinye izimo, ungazama ukunweba impilo yebhethri ngokuzama ukuyishaja nokuyihlola. Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuguga kwebhethri lomshini ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, udinga:

• Linganisa i-voltage. Ebhethri elisebenzisekayo elinensiza evamile eyinsalela, kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka-12,6 V lapho kukalwa amahora angu-3 ngemva kokushaja. Amanani aphansi akhombisa ukuguga okubucayi, futhi uma i-voltage ayifinyelele ku-11 V, okungukuthi amathuba wesifunda esifushane elinye lamaseli.

Ukuminyana kwe-Electrolyte kuye ngezinga lokushisa nezinga lokushaja, chofoza ukuze ukhuphuke
• Hlola ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte. Ngokuvamile, ebhethrini elishajwe kahle, kufanele libe cishe 1,27–1,28 g/cm3 при комнатной температуре. Проверить плотность можно и на разряженной батарее, но тогда для оценки ее состояния нужно сравнивать полученные значения с табличными. Нормальная зависимость плотности от температуры и заряда указана на иллюстрации.
• Hlola izinga le-electrolyte. Ngokuvamile, i-electrolyte kufanele ibe nezinga 1,5-2 cm ngaphezu komkhawulo amapuleti. Amabhethri amaningi anamamaki ezingeni ngaphakathi kwezimbobo zesevisi, kwamanye amamodeli aboniswa kusetshenziswa inkomba yokuntanta. Uma izinga lingaphansi kokujwayelekile, lingabuyiselwa ngamanzi a-distilled.

I-lead sulfate kumapuleti ebhethri, chofoza ukuze ukhulise

• Hlola i-sulfation. Kumabhethri anesevisi anamapulaki, ngokuwakhulula, ungawahlola ngeso lengqondo amapuleti. Okungcono esimweni esikhokhisiwe kubo akumele kube khona ukunamathela okumpunga okukhanyayo, inani elincane liyamukeleka, kodwa amadiphozithi endaweni enkulu abonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuguga ebhethrini lemoto.

Kungenzeka ukuhlonza ngokuthembekile ukuguga nokukhala kwamabhethri emoto usebenzisa okokusebenza okuxilongayo noma izivivinyo.

Isivivinyo 1: Ukuhlolwa komthwalo okuvamile

Akwenzeki njalo ukuthola impilo yebhethri esele kuphela ngezimpawu zangaphandle namandla kagesi. Indlela elungile kakhulu ukuhlola umthwalo. Indlela elula yokuhlonza ibhethri elifayo ukulilayisha ngezinto ezisebenza ngogesi ezijwayelekile. Ukuhlola udinga:

1. Ngemva kokushajwa kabusha noma uhambo olude, linda kusukela emahoreni angu-1-2 kuze kube yilapho amandla ebhethri ebuyela kokujwayelekile.
2. Khanyisa izibani.
3. Linda cishe imizuzu engama-30.
4. Qala injini futhi.

Uma ibhethri likwazi ukuseviswa, futhi injini ihlelekile, khona-ke izoqala emzameni wokuqala, isiqalisi sizojika ngokushesha. Ngebhethri eligugile, ukuqala kuzoba nzima (noma akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele) futhi kufanele uzwe ukuthi isiqalisi sisebenza kanjani "ngokuqina", isivinini saso siyancipha.

Isivivinyo 2: Ukuhlola ngemfoloko yomthwalo

Ungakwazi ukunquma ngokushesha ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri usebenzisa ipulaki yokulayisha. Ukuhlola kwenziwa ebhethrini elishajiwe ngale ndlela:

Ukuhlolwa kwebhethri ngepulaki yokulayisha: ividiyo

1. Xhuma ipulaki yokulayisha netheminali engalayishiwe bese ukala i-open circuit voltage (OCV).
2. Xhuma ipulaki yokulayisha netheminali yesibili bese ukala i-voltage ngaphansi komthwalo wamanje ophezulu.
3. Gcina ipulaki ixhunyiwe cishe imizuzwana emi-5 futhi uqaphe izinguquko ze-voltage esikalini sayo noma esikrinini.

Isesimweni esihle, ibhethri elishajiwe kufanele lilethe ama-volts angu-12,6-13 ngaphandle komthwalo. Ngemva kokuxhuma ipulaki, i-voltage izokwehla, futhi ngobukhulu bokudonsa, ungakwazi cishe ukulinganisa izinga lokuguga. Ebhethri lomshini elisebenziseka ngokugcwele 55–75 Ah, ukwehla okungenani okungu-10,5–11 V kufanele kwenzeke.

Uma ibhethri "ikhathele" kodwa futhi isebenziseka, khona-ke i-voltage emthwalweni izoba ngu-9,5-10,5 V. Uma amanani ehla ngaphansi kwe-9 V, khona-ke ibhethri elinjalo kuzodingeka lishintshwe maduze.

Ubunjalo boshintsho ekufundweni luyinkomba yesibili yokugqoka. Uma ngaphansi komthwalo i-voltage kudivayisi izinzile noma ikhuphuka kancane, ibhethri liyasebenza. Ukwehla njalo kwe-voltage kubonisa ukuthi ibhethri isivele igugile futhi ayiwubambi umthwalo.

Isivivinyo sesi-3: Isilinganiso se-capacitance yokulayisha

Umthamo webhethri ukalwa ngo-Ah futhi ukhonjiswa ebhethrini. Leli nani litholwa ngokukhipha ibhethri ngomthwalo ongu-0,05C noma u-5% womthamo omncane, okungukuthi 2,5A ngo-50Ah noma u-5A ngo-100Ah. udinga ukushaja ibhethri, bese uqhubeke ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Linganisa i-NRC yebhethri elishajiwe nelayishiwe amahora ambalwa.
2. Xhuma umthwalo wamandla afanele angu-0,05C (kubhethri lomgibeli, isibani esingu-12 V esifika ku-30–40 W sifanelekile).
3. Shiya ibhethri nomthwalo amahora angu-5.
Uma ibhethri likhishwa ku-voltage ngaphansi kwe-11,5 V kulesi sigaba, umphumela usuvele ucacile: insiza yayo isiphelile!

Ukuncika kwamandla kagesi ngezinga lokuphuma kwebhethri, chofoza ukuze ukhulise
4. Nqamula umthwalo, linda imizuzu embalwa ukuze i-NRC izinze futhi iwulinganise ukuze uhlole izinga lomthamo webhethri.
5. Nquma iphesenti lokuphuma. Isibonelo, uma izinga le-voltage yebhethri lingu-70%, ibhethri elishajwe ngokugcwele likhishwa ngo-30%.
6. Bala umthamo oyinsalela usebenzisa ifomula Comp. = (layisha ngo-A) * (isikhathi ngamahora) * 100 / (amaphesenti okukhipha).

Uma isibani sisebenzisa u-3,3 A, futhi ibhethri elinomthamo we-60-65 A_h likhishwa ngo-5% emahoreni angu-40, bese Comp. = 3,3_5_100 / 40 = 41,25 A_h, okubonisa ukuba khona kokugqoka okubonakalayo, kodwa futhi okwamukelekayo. . Ibhethri elinjalo lizosebenza, kuphela uma kuneqhwa eliqinile kungase kube nzima ukuqala.

Kwezinye izimo, umthamo webhethri owehlile ngenxa ye-sulfation yamapuleti angakhushulwa kancane ngemijikelezo embalwa yokushaja yamanje ephansi noma kumodi ye-pulsed, etholakala enanini lamamodeli amashaja azenzakalelayo.

Isivivinyo sesi-4: Ukulinganisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi

Futhi, enye indlela yokuqonda ukuthi ibhethri emotweni iyafa ukukala ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri.

Ihlola ibhethri ngethuluzi lochwepheshe i-Fluke BT510

Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile:

• Okuqondile. Kusetshenziswa umhloli okhethekile, i-amateur (isibonelo, i-YR1035) noma uchwepheshe (isibonelo, i-Fluke BT510), ekhombisa ngokuqondile ukubaluleka kokumelana kwangaphakathi.
• Engaqondile. Inani lokumelana kwangaphakathi linqunywa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi emthwalweni owaziwayo.

Ibhethri eliholayo elisebenzisekayo nelishajwayo, lapho lihlolwa umhloli, kufanele libonise ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-oda lika-3-7 mOhm (0,003-0,007 Ohm). Umthamo omkhulu, inani kufanele libe phansi. Ukuphindwa kabili kwevelu kubonisa ukuthi insiza incishwe cishe ngo-50%.

Ukubala ngokungaqondile ukumelana, uzodinga i-multimeter noma i-voltmeter kanye nomthwalo onokusetshenziswa kwamanje okwaziwayo. Isibani somshini wama-watt angu-60 singcono kakhulu.

Uyibheka kanjani impilo yebhethri ngokubala ukumelana:

1. Ebhethrini elishajiwe nelilungisiwe, i-NRC iyalinganiswa.
2. Umthwalo uxhunywe ebhethrini, eligcinwa kuze kube yilapho i-voltage izinza - ngokuvamile cishe umzuzu.
Uma i-voltage yehla kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-12 V, ayizinzi futhi iyancipha njalo ngisho nangaphansi komthwalo omncane, ukugqoka kwebhethri sekuvele kusobala ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
3. I-voltage yebhethri ikalwa ngaphansi komthwalo.
4. Ubukhulu bokuwa kwe-NRC (ΔU) bubalwa.
5. Inani eliwumphumela le-ΔU lihlukaniswa ngomthwalo wamanje (I) (5 A wesibani esingu-60 W) ukuze kutholwe inani lokumelana ngokuvumelana nefomula ethi Rpr.=ΔU / ΔI. ΔI ngizoba ngu-5A ngesibani esingu-60W.
6. Ukumelana nethiyori kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kubalwa ngokuhlukanisa amandla kagesi ayo ngegama elishiwo okwamanje eliqalayo ngokuya ngefomula ethi Rtheor.=U/I.
7. Inani lethiyori liqhathaniswa nengokoqobo futhi isimo sebhethri sinqunywa umehluko wabo. Uma ibhethri isesimweni esihle, khona-ke umehluko phakathi komphumela wangempela kanye nowethiyori uzoba mncane.

Ukubalwa kokumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri: ividiyo

Isibonelo, ake sithathe ibhethri elinama-60 A * h kanye nesiqalo samanje esingu-600 A, sishajwe kufika ku-12,7 V. Ukumelana kwayo nethiyori i-Rtheor. = 12,7 / 600 = 0,021 Ohm noma 21 mOhm.

Uma ngaphambi kwe-NRC bekuyi-12,7 V, futhi uma kulinganiswa ngemva komthwalo - 12,5 V, esibonelweni kuzobukeka kanje: Rpr.=(12,7-12,5)/5=0,04 Ohm noma 40 mOhm . Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulinganisa, kungenzeka ukubala ukuqala kwamanje kwebhethri, kucatshangelwa ukugqokwa ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, okungukuthi, mina \u12,7d 0,04 / 317,5 \u600d XNUMX A (kusuka efektri XNUMX A)

Uma ngaphambi kwezilinganiso i-voltage yayingu-12,65 V, futhi ngemva - 12,55, khona-ke i-Rpr = (12,65-12,55) / 5 = 0,02 Ohm noma i-20 mOhm. Lokhu kuhlangana nethiyori engu-21 mΩ, futhi ngokomthetho ka-Ohm sithola I \u12,67d 0,021 / 604 \uXNUMXd XNUMX A, okungukuthi, ibhethri isesimweni esihle.

Futhi, enye indlela yokubala ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ngokulinganisa i-voltage yayo emithwalweni emibili ehlukene. Ikuvidiyo.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa

• Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi ibhethri indala?

  Unganquma ukuthi ibhethri liguge kabi yizimpawu ezi-4:

  • impilo yesevisi yebhethri idlula iminyaka emi-5 (usuku lokukhishwa lukhonjiswe kukhava);
  • Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala ngobunzima ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esifudumele, ukwehla kwejubane lokuqala kuzwakala;
  • ikhompuyutha esebhodini ihlale ibonisa isidingo sokushaja ibhethri;
  • Amahora angu-3 okupaka anobukhulu obufakiwe kanye ne-ICE evalekile kwanele ukuze i-ICE iqale ngobunzima obukhulu noma ingaqali nhlobo.

• Yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri emotweni?

  Ukuguga okubalulekile kwebhethri lomshini kufakazelwa yilokhu:

  • ukushaja ngesivinini esikhulu nokukhipha;
  • ukwanda kokumelana kwangaphakathi;
  • I-voltage yebhethri yehla ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphansi komthwalo;
  • isiqalo asijiki kahle ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esifudumele;
  • icala linemifantu, ama-electrolyte smudges abonakala ezindongeni noma ikhava.

• Ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri ukuthi liyafaneleka yini?

  Ungahlola ngokushesha ibhethri ukuthi lifaneleka yini usebenzisa ipulaki yokulayisha. I-voltage ngaphansi komthwalo akufanele iwe ngaphansi kwe-9 V. Ukuhlolwa okuthembekile kakhulu kwenziwa ngokulinganisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi usebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile noma umthwalo osetshenzisiwe futhi uqhathanisa inani langempela nereferensi.

• Unganquma kanjani ukuguga kwebhethri usebenzisa ishaja?

  Amashaja ebhethri athuthukile, njenge-Berkut BCA-10, anemodi yokuhlola ekuvumela ukuthi uyisebenzise ukuze unqume ukuqala kwamanje, ukumelana kwangaphakathi nokuhlola izinga lokuguga. Inkumbulo evamile inganquma ukugqoka ngezibonakaliso ezingaqondile: ukukhululwa kwegesi esebenzayo kwelinye lamathini noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ukungabi khona kwayo ngokuphelele kwelinye lamakamelo, ukungabikho kokwehla kwamanje njengoba kukhokhiswa nge-voltage eqhubekayo, ukushisa ngokweqile kwecala.