Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri lemoto
Okuqukethwe
- Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri ngezandla zakho
- Ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri
- Ungalihlola kanjani izinga le-electrolyte ebhethrini
- Ungahlola kanjani ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte yebhethri
- Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri yemoto nge-multimeter
- Layisha ukuhlolwa kwemfoloko
- Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri elisha?
- Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi ibhethri liyaphila emotweni ngaphandle kwezinsimbi?
- Ulinakekela kanjani ibhethri
Umbuzo "indlela yokuhlola ibhethri yemoto”kuvela, ngokuvamile, ezimweni ezimbili: lapho uthenga ibhethri elisha noma uma uhlobo oluthile lokuwohloka kwebhethri seluvele lungaphansi kwe-hood. Isizathu sokuphuka kungaba ukushajwa okuncane noma ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri.
Ukushajwa okungaphansi kubangelwa ukucwenga kwamapuleti ebhethri, avela ngokuhamba njalo amabanga amafushane, i-generator voltage relay relay engalungile, kanye nokuvula ukufudumala.
Ukushaja ngokweqile kubonakala ngenxa yokuwohloka kwesilawuli se-voltage, kuphela kulokhu kunikeza i-overvoltage evela ku-generator. Ngenxa yalokhu, amapuleti ayabhidlika, futhi uma ibhethri iwuhlobo olungenakulungiswa, ingase futhi ibe nokuwohloka komshini.
Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri ngezandla zakho
Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuhlola impilo yebhethri yemoto?
Ukuxilongwa kwebhethri - ukuhlola i-voltage, izinga kanye nokuminyana.
Kuzo zonke lezi zindlela, okufinyeleleka kakhulu kumuntu ovamile ukuhlola kuphela ibhethri yemoto ngomhloli futhi uyihlole ngokubukeka, kahle, ngaphandle kokubheka ngaphakathi (uma ibhethri ihlinzekwa) ukuze ubone umbala kanye nezinga le-electrolyte. Futhi ukuze uhlole ngokugcwele ibhethri yemoto ukusebenza ekhaya, udinga futhi i-densimeter kanye nepulaki yokulayisha. Kungale ndlela kuphela isithombe sesimo sebhethri sizocaca ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho mishini enjalo, khona-ke izenzo ezincane ezitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu ukusebenzisa i-multimeter, irula futhi usebenzise abathengi abavamile.
Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri ngezandla zakho
ukuze uhlole ibhethri ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile, udinga ukwazi amandla ayo (ithi, 60 Ampere / ihora) futhi uyilayishe kubathengi ngesigamu. Isibonelo, ngokuxhuma izibani eziningana ngokuhambisana. Uma ngemva kwemizuzu engu-5 yokusebenza baqala ukuvutha kalufifi, ibhethri ayisebenzi ngendlela efanele.
Njengoba ubona, isheke elinjalo lasekhaya liyi-primitive kakhulu, ngakho awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwemiyalelo yokuthi ungathola kanjani isimo sangempela sebhethri yomshini. Kuzodingeka sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izimiso nazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo zokuqinisekisa, kuze kufike ekulinganiseni ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte nokuhlola umthwalo ngokulingisa isiqalisi.
Ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri
Hlola ikesi lebhethri ukuze uthole ukuqhekeka kwekesi kanye nokuvuza kwe-electrolyte. Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka ebusika uma ibhethri lixega futhi linekesi lepulasitiki elintekenteke. Umswakama, ukungcola, umusi noma ama-electrolyte streaks aqoqa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri, okuthi, kanye namatheminali ane-oxidized, kubangele ukuzikhipha. Ungahlola ukuthi uxhuma yini i-voltmeter probe eyodwa kokuthi "+", bese udweba eyesibili phezu kwebhethri. Idivayisi izobonisa ukuthi iyiphi i-voltage yokuzikhipha ngokwakho kubhethri elithile.
Ungalihlola kanjani izinga le-electrolyte ebhethrini
Izinga le-electrolyte lihlolwa kuphela kulawo mabhethri asebenzisekayo. Ukuze uyihlole, udinga ukwehlisa ishubhu yengilazi (enezimpawu) emgodini wokugcwalisa ibhethri. Uma usufinyelele kunemeshi yesihlukanisi, udinga ukuncinza unqenqema olungaphezulu lweshubhu ngomunwe wakho bese ulikhipha. Izinga le-electrolyte eshubhuni lizolingana nezinga lebhethri. Izinga elijwayelekile 10-12mm ngaphezu kwamapuleti ebhethri.
Ungahlola kanjani ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte yebhethri
Ukuze ulinganise izinga lokuminyana kwe-electrolyte, uzodinga i-hydrometer yomshini. Kumele yehliselwe emgodini wokugcwalisa webhethri futhi, usebenzisa ipheya, iqoqe inani elinjalo le-electrolyte ukuze i-float ilenga ngokukhululeka. Bese ubheka izinga esikalini se-hydrometer.
Isici salesi silinganiso ukuthi ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kubhethri ebusika nasehlobo kwezinye izifunda kuzohluka kuye ngesizini kanye nezinga lokushisa lansuku zonke ngaphandle. Ithebula liqukethe idatha okufanele iqondiswe.
| Isikhathi sonyaka | Isilinganiso sokushisa komoya sanyanga zonke ngo-January (kuye ngokuthi isifunda sezulu) | Ibhethri egcwele ngokugcwele | Ibhethri liyaphela | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ku-25% | ku-50% | |||
| -50°С…-30°С | Зима | 1,30 | 1,26 | 1,22 |
| Ihlobo | 1,28 | 1,24 | 1,20 | |
| -30°С…-15°С | Unyaka wonke | 1,28 | 1,24 | 1,20 |
| -15°C...+8°C | Unyaka wonke | 1,28 | 1,24 | 1,20 |
| 0°С…+4°С | Unyaka wonke | 1,23 | 1,19 | 1,15 |
| -15°C...+4°C | Unyaka wonke | 1,23 | 1,19 | 1,15 |
Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri yemoto nge-multimeter
Ukuze uhlole ibhethri nge-multimeter, udinga ukushintshela yakamuva kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage engaguquki futhi usethe ububanzi ngaphezu kwevelu ye-voltage ephezulu yebhethri eshajiwe. khona-ke udinga ukuxhuma i-probe emnyama ku-"minus", futhi ebomvu "ku-plus" yebhethri futhi ubone ukufundwa okuzonikezwa idivayisi.
I-voltage yebhethri akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-12 volts. Uma i-voltage iphansi, ibhethri ingaphezu kwesigamu futhi idinga ukushajwa.
Ihlola ibhethri nenjini isebenza
Kudingekile ukuhlola ibhethri ngenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi esebenza ngokucisha zonke izinto ezidla amandla - isitofu, isimo somoya, umsakazo wemoto, izibani, njll. Ukuhlola kwenziwa njengokujwayelekile, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.
Ukuqokwa kokufundwa kwe-multimeter ngebhethri elisebenzayo kuvezwe etafuleni elingezansi.
| Isibonisi sokuhlola, iVolt | Kusho ukuthini lokhu? |
|---|---|
| <13.4 | I-voltage ephansi, ibhethri alishajiwe ngokugcwele |
| 13.5 - 14.2 | Ukusebenza okuvamile |
| > 14.2 | Ukwanda kwe-voltage. ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi ibhethri iphansi |
undervoltage kukhombisa ibhethri eliphansi. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa i-alternator engasebenzi/engasebenzi kahle noma abathintwayo abane-oxidized.
Amandla kagesi ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ikhombisa ibhethri elilahliwe (lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi nezikhathi ezinde zokuhamba zingasebenzi, noma ngezikhathi zasebusika). ngokuvamile, imizuzu engu-10-15 ngemva kokushajwa kabusha, i-voltage ibuyela kokujwayelekile. Uma kungenjalo, inkinga isemishini kagesi yemoto, esongela ukubilisa i-electrolyte.
Indlela yokuhlola ukuthi ibhethri ishajiwe noma cha lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingasebenzi?
Uma uhlola ibhethri nge injini yomlilo yangaphakathi icishiwe, ukuhlola nge-multimeter kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Bonke abathengi kufanele bakhutshazwe.
Izinkomba zikhonjisiwe etafuleni.
| Isibonisi sokuhlola, iVolt | Kusho ukuthini lokhu? |
|---|---|
| 11.7 | Ibhethri selicishe liphele nya |
| 12.1 - 12.4 | Ibhethri lishajwe cishe uhhafu |
| 12.5 - 13.2 | Ibhethri lishajwe ngokugcwele |
Layisha ukuhlolwa kwemfoloko
Layisha imfoloko - idivayisi ewuhlobo lomthwalo kagesi (imvamisa ukumelana nokumelana okuphezulu noma ikhoyili ephikisayo) enezintambo ezimbili namatheminali okuxhuma idivayisi ebhethrini, kanye ne-voltmeter yokuthatha ukufundwa kwamandla kagesi.
Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ilula. Iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Kuyadingeka ukusebenza ekushiseni kuka + 20 ° С ... + 25 ° С (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kuze kufike ku- + 15 ° С). Ayikwazi ukuhlola ibhethri elibandayo, njengoba usengozini yokuyikhipha kakhulu.
- Ipulaki ixhunywe kumatheminali ebhethri - intambo ebomvu iye kutheminali ephozithivu, bese kuthi intambo emnyama iye kutheminali enegethivu.
- Ukusebenzisa idivayisi, umthwalo udalwa ngamandla amanje angu-100 ... 200 Amperes (lokhu ukulingisa isiqalisi esifakiwe).
- Umthwalo usebenza ebhethrini imizuzwana emi-5 ... 6.
Ngokwemiphumela yokufundwa kwe-ammeter ne-voltmeter, singakhuluma ngesimo sebhethri.
| Ukufundwa kweVoltmeter, V | Iphesenti lokukhokhisa, % |
|---|---|
| > 10,2 | 100 |
| 9,6 | 75 |
| 9 | 50 |
| 8,4 | 25 |
| 0 |
Ebhethri eligcwaliswe ngokugcwele ngemva kokufaka umthwalo, i-voltage akufanele wehlele ngaphansi kwe-10,2 V. Uma ibhethri likhishwe kancane, khona-ke ukudonsa kuze kufike ku-9 V kuvunyelwe (noma kunjalo, kulokhu kufanele kushajwe). Futhi emva kwalokho I-voltage kufanele ibuyiselwe cishe ngokushesha okufanayo, futhi ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa ngokuphelele.
Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi uma i-voltage ingabuyiselwa, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi elinye lamathini lizovala. Isibonelo, ekulayisheni okuncane, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-voltage ibuyele ku-12,4 V (kufika ku-12 V ivunyelwe ngebhethri ekhishwe kancane). Ngakho-ke, lapho i-voltage yehla isuka ku-10,2 V, ibhethri libi kakhulu. Ngedivayisi enjalo, ungabheka ibhethri kukho kokubili lapho uthenga futhi usuvele ufakiwe emotweni, futhi ngaphandle kokuyikhipha.
Indlela yokuhlola ibhethri elisha?
Ukuhlola ibhethri yemoto ngaphambi kokuthenga kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, uma usebenzisa ibhethri lekhwalithi ephansi, amaphutha avame ukuvela kuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, okwenza kube nzima ukufaka esikhundleni ibhethri ngaphansi kwewaranti. Okwesibili, ngisho nokutholwa ngesikhathi komgunyathi, inqubo yokubuyisela iwaranti ingaba yinde impela (ukuhlola nokuhlola izimpahla ngochwepheshe, njll.).
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme izinkinga, ngaphambi kokuthenga, ungasebenzisa i-algorithm elula yokuqinisekisa ezosindisa u-99% ekuthengeni amabhethri ekhwalithi ephansi:
- Ukuhlola okubonakalayo. Udinga futhi ukubheka usuku lokukhiqiza. Uma ibhethri ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 ubudala, kungcono ukungayithengi.
- Ukulinganisa i-voltage kumatheminali nge-multimeter. Amandla kagesi ebhethri elisha kumele okungenani abe ngu-12.6 volts.
- Ihlola ibhethri ngepulaki yokulayisha. Ngezinye izikhathi abathengisi ngokwabo banikeza ukwenza le nqubo, uma kungenjalo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukufuna ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwebhethri lomshini ngepulaki yokulayisha ngokwakho.
Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi ibhethri liyaphila emotweni ngaphandle kwezinsimbi?
Inkomba yebhethri
Kulula kakhulu ukunquma isimo ibhethri emotweni ngaphandle izinsimbi ezikhethekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana.
Amabhethri anamuhla anenkomba ekhethekile yokushaja, ngokuvamile ngendlela yefasitela eliyindilinga. Ungakwazi ukunquma inkokhelo ngombala wale nkomba. Eduze kwenkomba enjalo ebhethrini kukhona njalo ukuqopha okubonisa ukuthi yimuphi umbala ohambisana nezinga elithile lokushaja. Okuluhlaza - ukushaja kugcwele; grey - isigamu sokushaja; obomvu noma omnyama - ukukhishwa okugcwele.
Uma kungekho inkomba enjalo, izindlela ezimbili zingasetshenziswa. Eyokuqala inamalambu. I-ICE epholile iyaqalwa, futhi i-beam ecwilisiwe ivuliwe. Uma ukukhanya kungafiphali ngemva kwemizuzu emi-5 yokusebenza, khona-ke konke kujwayelekile.
Okwesibili (futhi kubanda) ukuvula ukuthungela, ukulinda umzuzu, bese ucindezela isignali izikhathi eziningana. Ngebhethri "elibukhoma", umsindo webhiphu uzoba phezulu futhi uqhubeke.
Ulinakekela kanjani ibhethri
Ukuze ibhethri lihlale isikhathi eside futhi lingahluleki ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kufanele linakekelwe njalo. Kuleli bhethri nelalo amatheminali kufanele agcinwe ehlanzekile, kanye nokukhipha okude okungenzi lutho / ukushaja. Emakhazeni aqinile, kungcono ukuthatha ibhethri ngaphansi kwesivalo uye endaweni efudumele. Abanye abakhiqizi batusa ukushaja ibhethri kanye njalo emavikini angu-1-2, bephikisana ngokuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukusetshenziswa kudlula ukuzishaja kwebhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ibhethri kuwumsebenzi ongenzeka futhi odingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwemoto.
