Volkswagen izinjini: izinhlobo, izici, izinkinga kanye zokuxilonga
Okuqukethwe
- Ukubuka konke kwezinjini zeVolkswagen Group
- Ukuzihlola ngokwakho injini
- Uhlelo lokupholisa injini yeVolkswagen
IVolkswagen concern ikhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zezitimela ezinamandla, okuhlanganisa izinjini zikaphethiloli ezithungela inhlansi kanye nezinjini zikadizili ezicindezelayo. Ukukhathazeka kufaka ukuthuthukiswa kwakho kokubili ezimotweni nasemalolini.
Ukubuka konke kwezinjini zeVolkswagen Group
Ukukhathazeka kweVolkswagen, eyasungulwa eBerlin ngoMeyi 28, 1937, yamemezela ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezithengekayo ezinezici zobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengento ehamba phambili. Imishini bekufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- izinga eliphezulu lokuvikeleka;
- injini ethembekile;
- ukusetshenziswa ukonga kukaphethiloli;
- induduzo eyamukelekayo;
- salon yabantu abane;
- umthelela omncane endaweni ezungezile;
- ikhwalithi ehloniphekile yokunquma.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhathazeka bekufanele kukhiqize izimoto zesabelomali ezinenjini enamandla neyongayo.
Ukuvela kwezinjini zeVolkswagen
Zonke izinjini ezikhiqizwe yiVolkswagen Group zihlolwa esikhungweni sokuhlola esigunyaziwe i-Deutsches Institut für Normung. Amayunithi anesistimu yomjovo oqondile esebenza kahle kanye nesistimu yokukhipha umoya evumela imvelo. Iqembu selithole imiklomelo eminingi yokuqamba izinjini zalo.
Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, ukukhathazeka kuzamile ukwenza injini yonge kakhulu. Umphumela walezi zifundo kube yiyunithi edla amalitha kaphethiloli ama-3 ngebanga lika-100 km. Bekuyi-three cylinder diesel enamandla angu-1,2 litres ene-aluminium block, i-injection system, i-turbocharger kanye nokupholisa umoya okhishiwe. Ukunciphisa inani lamasilinda kuthinte kancane izici eziguquguqukayo zenjini. Ngokusebenzisa uphethiloli okuncane, iyunithi ibonise amandla ahloniphekile ngenxa yalokhu:
- ukunciphisa isisindo senjini;
- ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwama-node nezingxenye;
- ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kwengxube ye-air-fuel;
- ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kohlelo lomjovo nge-exhaust gas turbocharger.
Izinjini zokuqala zeVolkswagen
Ngo-1938, kwethulwa i-VW Type 1, injini yenguquko engu-F4 enamasilinda amane yafakwa ngemuva futhi ipholile emoyeni. Lolu phiko lunamandla angu-1,131 litres nomthamo wamalitha angama-34. Nge. Enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umthamo wenjini ukhuphuke ukusuka ku-1,2 kuya ku-1,6 amalitha. Imodeli yakamuva yayiyinhlanganisela ephelele yokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-carburetor, izilinganiso ezifanele zabonwa lapho kwakhiwa ingxube evuthayo. Injini engu-1,6 litre yabeka isisekelo somugqa wezinjini zamaveni ezimpahla nabagibeli.
Imininingwane yezinjini zeVolkswagen
Injini eyejwayelekile yakwaVolkswagen iyiyunithi engamasilinda amane ene-camshaft engaphezulu kanye nokupholisa amanzi. Imvamisa i-cylinder block, ikhanda layo namapiston enziwe nge-aluminium alloy, kanti i-crankshaft enama-bearings amathathu asekelayo yenziwe ngensimbi efojiwe.
Izinjini zakwaVolkswagen zinezincazelo ezilandelayo:
- uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe - uphethiloli noma udizili;
- uhlelo lokupholisa - umoya noma uketshezi;
- uhlobo lokuhlelwa kwe-cylinder - ku-line, i-V-shaped noma i-VR;
- umthamo - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5 l;
- amandla - kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-420 amalitha. nge.;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha - kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-10 amalitha ngamakhilomitha angu-100;
- inombolo yamasilinda - kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-10;
- ububanzi be-piston - kufika ku-81 mm;
- inani lemijikelezo yokusebenza - 2 noma 4;
- uhlobo lokushisa okuxubile - ukushisa kwenhlansi noma ukucindezelwa kokushisa;
- inani lama-camshafts - 1, 2 noma 4;
- inombolo yama-valve ekamelweni elivuthayo ngu-2 noma u-4.
Izinjini zikaphethroli ze-TSI ziyinhlanganisela ephelele yokusebenza nomnotho. Ngisho nangesivinini esiphansi, ziletha i-torque ephezulu, futhi inhlanganisela eklanywe ngokucophelela ye-piston displacement, i-turbocharging kanye nomjovo oqondile iletha ukulethwa kukaphethiloli.
Izinjini zikaphethiloli zakwaVolkswagen zinezici ezilandelayo:
- ukwakheka kwengxube kaphethiloli endaweni eningi yokungena noma ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo;
- ukuthungela ingxube kusuka ku-spark plugs;
- ukushiswa okufanayo kwengxube;
- ukulungiswa kwenani lengxube;
- isimiso sokusebenza semivimbo emine esinama-revolution amabili e-crankshaft ene-engeli engu-720 °.
Izinjini zikadizili zakwaVolkswagen TDI ezine-turbocharging kanye nomjovo kaphethiloli oqondile zibonakala ngalezi:
- umnotho;
- amandla amakhulu okudonsa;
- ukukhiqiza;
- ukwethembeka ekusebenzeni.
Ukusebenza kwenjini ye-diesel ye-Volkswagen kubonakala ngamaphuzu alandelayo:
- ukwakheka kwengxube yamafutha nomoya ekamelweni elivuthayo;
- ukuzithungela uphethiloli ovela emoyeni ocindezelwe oshisayo;
- isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela;
- ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yengxube;
- umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini enemivimbo emine yokuphenduka okubili kwe-crankshaft.
Izinzuzo zezinjini zikaphethiloli zakwaVolkswagen yilezi:
- isilinganiso esiphansi sesisindo-kumandla (kg/kW);
- ububanzi bokusetshenziswa;
- ama-dynamics amahle;
- izindleko eziphansi;
- sonke isimo sezulu;
- ukunakekelwa okulula.
Kodwa-ke, la mayunithi nawo anemibi. Okokuqala nje ukuthi:
- ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa;
- ukudonsa okubuthakathaka ngesivinini esiphansi;
- ukwanda kokusetshenziswa lapho ulayisha i-cabin;
- ukuvutha kukaphethiloli.
Izinzuzo zezinjini zikadizili zihlanganisa:
- ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi;
- i-torque ephezulu;
- ukungabi khona kwe-spark plugs;
- ukuphatha kahle ngesivinini esiphansi;
- ukuphatha kahle ngamagiya aphezulu.
Ububi be-diesel yilezi:
- izidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yamafutha;
- inkathi kaphethiloli (inkinga eqala emakhazeni);
- isevisi ebiza kakhulu;
- isidingo sokulandela ngokuqinile imvamisa yokushintsha uwoyela nezihlungi;
- izindleko eziphakeme.
Izinjini zeVolkswagen zamaloli
Izimoto ezithwala imithwalo esindayo ngokuvamile zisebenza ngesivinini esiphansi futhi zidinga amandla enjini anyusiwe. Inketho engcono kakhulu kubo iyinjini ye-diesel enwebekayo enesilinganiso esifanele samandla ayo nesisindo semoto. Lapho injini iqina kakhulu, ijubane likhula ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi edolobheni, lapho amayunithi edizili esebenza kahle kakhulu kunekaphethiloli.
Ukuhlelwa kwesilinda ezinjinini zakwaVolkswagen
Ngokuya ngendawo yamasilinda, kukhona:
- izinjini zangaphakathi;
- izinjini ezimise okwe-V;
- Izinjini ze-VR.
Ngayinye yezinhlobonhlobo inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
injini emgqeni
Injini ye-piston evamile iwuchungechunge lwamasilinda ahlelwe elinye ngemuva kwelinye. Ivamise ukufakwa ezimotweni nasemalolini futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe amasilinda amane, ukubala wehla kwawo kuqala kusukela ohlangothini lwama-flywheel.
Njengenzuzo yenjini ene-four-stroke ene-longitudinally symmetrical crankshaft, ukuguquguquka okuhle kanye nezindleko eziphansi ngokuvamile kuyaphawulwa. Ububi bale yunithi yizidingo ezandisiwe zesikhala endaweni yenjini, edingekayo endaweni yebhulokhi yamasilinda amane.
V-injini
Injini emise okwe-V inamasilinda amaningana e-engeli kwelinye. I-engeli yokutsheka ingafinyelela ku-180°. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani elikhulu lamasilinda lingafakwa endaweni elinganiselwe. Zonke izinjini ezinamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ziwuhlobo lwe-V (V6, V8 noma V12). Amayunithi e-V4, uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abasemgqeni, anesilinganiso esingcono sesisindo namandla, kodwa abiza kakhulu ukuwakhiqiza.
Uma iqhathaniswa ne-in-line injini, i-V-injini ihlangene futhi ingasindi. Ngakho-ke, i-V12 yinde kancane kunenjini yomugqa wamasilinda ayisithupha. Okubi ukuklama kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi, ubunzima obuthile ekulinganiseni, izinga eliphezulu lokudlidliza kanye nesidingo sokuphinda amanye ama-node.
Ividiyo: 8-cylinder V-injini yokusebenza
Injini ye-VR
Injini ye-VR eyakhiwe ukukhathazeka iwuphawu lwenjini engu-V ene-angle ye-camber ephansi kakhulu (15°) kanye neyunithi yomugqa. Amasilinda ayo ayisithupha ahlelwe nge-engeli engu-15°. Lokhu kuhlukile kuzinjini ze-V ezijwayelekile, lapho le engeli ingu-60° noma 90°. Ama-pistons atholakala kubhulokhi kuphethini yokuhlola. Lo mklamo ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise ukuphindaphindeka kwenjini emise okwe-V nobubanzi obuncane benjini yomugqa futhi yonga kakhulu isikhala endaweni yenjini.
Injini ye-VR iphinde ibe nenani lokungalungi:
- i-angle enkulu yokuthambekela kwezinduku zokuxhuma iholela emithwalweni ephezulu ye-radial kuma-piston;
- ubude obungalingani bokungena kanye neziteshi zokuqeda kuthinta ukunikezwa komoya kanye namagesi okukhipha;
- ukukhiqizwa kwekhanda lesilinda kubiza kakhulu.
Izici zezinjini zeVolkswagen AG
IVolkswagen ukukhathazeka ikhiqiza zombili izinjini zikaphethroli nekadizili.
Izinjini zikaphethroli zakwaVolkswagen
Ekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini zikaphethiloli zakwaVolkswagen, amamodeli ambalwa asemqoka angahlukaniswa.
- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA111. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwafakwa izinjini ze-EA111 maphakathi nawo-1970 ezimotweni zakwaVW Polo. Zaziyinjini kaphethiloli epholiswa ngamanzi e-111-cylinder four-cylinder. I-camshaft ibishayelwa ibhande elinamazinyo elisuka ku-crankshaft. Ishafti eliphakathi lalilawula iphampu kawoyela kanye nesisabalalisi sokuthungela. Izinjini ze-EAXNUMX bezifakwe iVW Polo, VW Golf, VW Touran.
Izinjini ze-EA111 zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zeVW Polo, VW Golf kanye neVW Touran - Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA827. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwezinjini ze-EA827 kwaqala ngo-1972. Amasilinda amane nayisishiyagalombili abenomshini othembekile wokupholisa amanzi kanti afakwe kwiVW Golf neVW Passat.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwezinjini ze-EA827 kwaqala ngo-1972
- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA113. Izinjini ze-EA113 zifakwe ezimotweni eziningi - kusukela ku-Audi 80, Seat Leon, Škoda Octavia kuya ku-VW Golf kanye ne-VW Jetta. Izimoto zalolu chungechunge ziklonyeliswe emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe we-International Engine of the Year.
- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA211. Amayunithi alolu chungechunge lwe-EA211 awukuguqulwa kwezinjini ze-TSI ezine-cylinder ezine-turbocharging kanye nomjovo oqondile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo zangaphambilini, ubude benjini buye behla ngo-50 mm. Isisindo senjini ye-aluminium alloy ngu-97 kg ku-1,2 TSI kanye no-106 kg ku-1,4 TSI. Ukuze unciphise isisindo, ama-piston anephansi eliphansi afakiwe. Iyunithi inesistimu yokupholisa eyiziyingi ezimbili. Kumjikelezo wokushisa okuphezulu, injini ipholiswa ngephampu eqhutshwa ngomshini, kuyilapho isifunda sokushisa esiphansi sihlanganisa i-intercooler kanye nendlu ye-turbocharger.Injini ye-EA211 iwushintsho lwenjini ye-TSI ene-cylinder turbocharged direct injection TSI.
- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA888. Injini eyi-four-cylinder EA888 enamandla asuka ku-151 kuya ku-303 hp. Nge. inohlelo lomjovo okabili, ukuma komjovo, amabhulokhi enjini anezindonga ezincane, ukujikeleza kabusha kwegesi ephumayo kanye nokupholisa. Ayikho ikhoyili yokuthungela. Injini yeVolkswagen Golf R400 concept car edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo kanye no gearbox onamagiya ayisithupha omthamo ongu 2,0 litres inamandla angu-400 hp. Nge. Kuze kufike ku-100 km / h, imoto enjalo igijima ngemizuzwana engu-3,8.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chain drive ngesikhathi kukhulise kakhulu impilo yenjini yochungechunge lwe-EA888
Ithebula: imininingwane yezinjini zikaphethiloli zakwaVolkswagen
| Ikhodi | Umthamo, cm3 | Ukuguqulwa | amandla, kwt | Amandla, hp kusuka. | Imodeli yemoto | Ukuqala kokukhiqiza, unyaka | Ukuyeka, unyaka |
| 1 | 1100 | F4 | 18 | 25 | Thayipha 1 | 1947 | 1954 |
| 1 | 1200 | F4 | 22 | 30 | Thayipha 1 | 1954 | 1960 |
| 1 | 1500 | F4 | 31 | 42 | Thayipha 2 | 1963 | 1964 |
| 1 | 1500 | F4 | 33 | 45 | Thayipha 3 | 1961 | 1965 |
| 1V | 1600 | I4 | 45 | 60 | Igalofu, Jetta | 1989 | 1992 |
| 2H | 1800 | I4 | 73 | 98 | Igalofu Cabrio | 1989 | 1993 |
| ABS | 1791 | I4 | 66 | 90 | Igalofu, Vento, Passat | 1991 | 1994 |
| ADR | 1781 | I4 | 92 | 125 | Passat | 1996 | 1999 |
| ADX | 1300 | I4 | 41 | 55 | polo | 1994 | 1995 |
| I-AGZ | 2324 | V5 | 110 | 150 | Igalofu, Bora, Passat | 1997 | 2001 |
| AJH | 1781 | I4T | 110 | 150 | Polo, igalofu, iJetta, iPassat | 2001 | 2004 |
| I-APQ | 1400 | I4 | 45 | 60 | Polo, Igalofu, Umoya | 1995 | 1998 |
| I-AWM | 1781 | I4T | 125 | 170 | Jetta, New Beetle, Passat | 2002 | 2005 |
| VIMBELA | 5998 | V12 | 309 | 420 | I-Phaeton | 2002 | - |
| BALI | 4163 | V8 | 257 | 349 | Touareg | 2006 | - |
Etafuleni, izinjini zihlelwe ngokuhambisana nekhodi yezinhlamvu. Izinjini zangaphambi kuka-1965 iVW Beetle neVW Transporter zazingenayo ikhodi yezinhlamvu. Amakwe etafuleni ngekhodi 1.
Izinjini zikadizili zakwaVolkswagen
Abameleli abakhulu bomndeni wenjini yedizili yakwaVolkswagen yila mayunithi alandelayo.
- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA188. Idizayini yenjini isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunamavalvu amabili kanye nephampu yomjovo. Izinguqulo zitholakala ngevolumu ye-1,2 kuya ku-4,9 amalitha ngenani lamasilinda ukusuka ku-3 kuya ku-10. Ikhanda le-cylinder lamayunithi anamandla kakhulu lenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, amandla amancane akhiwe nge-aluminium anensimbi ensimbi.Ukuze kunxeshezelwe inertia engadingeki, injini ifakwe i-balance shaft eqhutshwa iketango elisuka ku-crankshaft.
Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA189. Izinjini zalolu chungechunge ziyi-four-cylinder (1,6-2,0 l) kanye nama-cylinder amathathu (1,2 l) amayunithi. Injini ine-turbocharger, i-low-exhaust gas recirculation system kanye nesihlungi se-diesel particulate. I-manifold yokuthatha ifakwe ama-flap alawula ngokuqhubekayo ukugeleza komoya ongenayo. Nge-RPM ephansi, lawa ma-dampers avala, futhi uma isivinini senjini sikhuphuka sibe ngu-3000 RPM, avuleka ngokugcwele.
I-cylinder block yenziwe nge-aluminium futhi inama-camshaft amabili- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " VW EA288 " Izinjini zalolu chungechunge zimelelwa izinguqulo ezintathu nezine-cylinder. Endabeni yamasilinda amathathu, ibhulokhi ngokwayo lenziwe nge-aluminium, futhi esimweni sezine, lenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe. Isilinda ngasinye sinamavalvu amane. Injini yakhelwe ngamakhamera amabili aphezulu ashayelwa ibhande elinamazinyo. Ukusheshisa ukushisisa kweyunithi, isistimu yokupholisa ihlukaniswe ngamasekethe amaningana. Isipholile sidlula ekhanda lesilinda kanye nesipholile se-EGR.
- Imodeli ehlobene ye- " EA898. Ngo-2016, ukukhathazeka kwaqala ukufaka izinjini eziyisishiyagalombili ze-EA898 ezine-cylinder angle engu-90 ° ezimotweni eziningi. Iyunithi enamandla afinyelela ku-320 amalitha. Nge. inokhrankcase we-iron cast, ama-valve amane isilinda, ama-camshaft amane, ama-turbocharger e-exhaust gas amabili apholile kanye nejometri ye-turbine eguquguqukayo. Ku-crankshaft isivinini sifika ku-2200 rpm, i-turbocharger eyodwa kanye nevalve yokukhipha umoya eyodwa isilinda ngasinye ziyasebenza, futhi njengoba isivinini sokuzungezisa sikhula, wonke ama-valve e-exhaust ayavuleka. I-turbocharger yesibili ishajwa ngegesi ephuma kumavalvu e-exhaust yesibili. Uma i-crankshaft iqala ukujikeleza ngokushesha kuno-2700 rpm, wonke ama-valve amane kumasilinda aqala ukusebenza.Injini engu-3,956cylinder emise okwe-V inamandla angu-XNUMX litres
Ithebula: Ukucaciswa kwenjini ye-diesel yakwaVolkswagen
| Ikhodi | ivolumu, cm3 | Ukuguqulwa | amandla, kwt | Amandla, hp kusuka. | Imodeli yemoto | Ukuqala kokukhiqiza, unyaka | Ukuyeka, unyaka |
| 1Z | 1896 | I4T | 66 | 90 | Polo, igalofu, iSharan, iPassat | 1993 | 1997 |
| I-AAB | 2370 | I5 | 57 | 77 | Transporter, Syncro | 1990 | 1998 |
| AAZ | 1896 | I4T | 55 | 75 | Igalofu, Vento, Passat | 1991 | 1998 |
| I-AEF | 1900 | I4 | 48 | 64 | Polo, Caddy | 1994 | 1996 |
| I-AFN | 1896 | I4T | 81 | 110 | Igalofu, Vento, Passat, Sharan | 1995 | 1999 |
| I-AGR | 1896 | I4T | 66 | 90 | Polo, Golf, Jetta | 1999 | 2001 |
| I-AHF | 1896 | I4T | 81 | 110 | Igalofu, Jetta | 1997 | 2006 |
| AHH | 1896 | I4T | 66 | 90 | Passat | 1996 | 2000 |
| I-AJM | 1896 | I4T | 85 | 116 | Igalofu, iJetta, iPassat | 1998 | 2002 |
| I-AJS | 1896 | I4T | 230 | 313 | I-Phaeton | 2002 | 2006 |
| I-AKN | 4921 | I-V10T | 110 | 150 | Passat | 1999 | 2003 |
| KODWA | 2496 | I-V6T | 66 | 90 | Polo, Jetta, Caddy | 1997 | 1999 |
| Alh | 1896 | I4T | 66 | 90 | Polo, igalofu, iJetta, i-New Beetle | 1997 | 2004 |
| I-ARL | 1896 | I4T | 110 | 150 | Igalofu, Jetta | 2000 | 2006 |
| UMCULO | 1896 | I4T | 81 | 110 | Polo, Golf, Jetta | 1999 | 2006 |
Ividiyo: Ukusebenza kwenjini yeVolkswagen W8
Izimboni ezikhiqiza izinjini zezimoto zakwaVolkswagen
IVolkswagen Group ingumkhiqizi wezimoto omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Inani labasebenzi ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-370 abasebenza ezitshalweni ezingama-61 emazweni ayi-15 aseYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Izimoto ezifika ku-26600 zikhiqizwa minyaka yonke futhi zidayiswa emazweni ayi-150. Izikhungo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza iVolkswagen powertrains yilezi:
- Imboni yakwaVolkswagen eChemnitz. Iyingxenye yeVolkswagen Sachsen GmbH. Ikhiqiza uphethiloli wamasilinda amane nezinjini zikadizili ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha kanye nezingxenye zamayunithi e-TSI. Ikhiqiza cishe izinjini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-555 ngonyaka. Kuthathwa njengesikhungo sobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe obusha. Kubhekelelwa kakhulu ezindabeni zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuvumelana kwemvelo kokukhipha intuthu, kugxilwe ku-CO.2. Lesi sikhungo siqashe abantu ababalelwa ku-1000.Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe befekthri i-Chemnitz badlale indima ehamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obuvamile bukadizili wezitimela
- Imboni yakwaVolkswagen eDresden. Yasungulwa ngoZibandlela wezi-2001. Kufaka phakathi indawo yomhlangano ye-VW Phaeton enengaphakathi lokunethezeka elenziwe ngesandla. Zilinganiselwa ku-6000 izimoto ezikhiqizwa ngonyaka. Ibona umqondo wokuhlanganisa isihambisi nomsebenzi wezandla. Umthengi angabona inqubekelaphambili yomhlangano wemoto endaweni yokukhiqiza engu-55000 m2. Imoto eqediwe ilinde umnikazi embhoshongweni wengilazi ongamamitha angama-40 ukuphakama. Le nkampani iqashe abantu ababalelwa ku-800.Isitshalo saseDresden sihlanganisa indawo yomhlangano ye-VW Phaeton enengaphakathi eliwubukhazikhazi elakhiwe ngesandla
- Imboni yakwaVolkswagen eSalzgitter. Ingumkhiqizi wezinjini omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Nsuku zonke endaweni engu-2,8 million m2 kufika ku-7 izinjini zikaphethiloli nezikadizili zihlanganiswe ngezinhlobo ezingu-370 zeVW, Audi, Seat, Škoda nePorsche Cayenne. Idume ngemodeli yeyunithi yamandla angama-cylinder ayishumi nesithupha enamandla amalitha ayi-1000. Nge. okweBugatti Veyron. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhiqiza izingxenye zenjini kwezinye izimboni. Injini engu-50 millionth isanda kukhishwa (iphenduke iyunithi ye-TDI yochungechunge lwe-EA288 ye-VW Golf entsha). Lesi sikhungo siqashe abantu ababalelwa ku-6000.Imboni yakwaVolkswagen eSalzgitter ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wenjini emhlabeni.
- Volkswagen plant e Kaluga. Itholakala epaki lobuchwepheshe laseGrabzevo eKaluga. Kuyisikhungo sokukhiqiza iVolkswagen eRussia. Isitshalo esinendawo engamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-302 inikeza izinjini zazo zonke izimoto zakwaVolkswagen ezihlanganiswe eRussia. Umthamo wokukhiqiza yizinjini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-150 ngonyaka. Ngo-2016, ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sitshalo kulinganiselwa ku-30% yenani eliphelele lezimoto eRussia ezinezinjini ezikhiqizwa endaweni.Imboni eseKaluga ihlinzeka ngezinjini zazo zonke izimoto zakwaVolkswagen ezihlanganiswe eRussia
Izinjini zenkontileka
Noma iyiphi injini inempilo yesevisi enomkhawulo. Ngemva kwalesi sisetshenziswa, umnikazi wemoto angakwazi:
- ukwenza ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini yomdabu;
- ukuthenga ngaphansi kwenkontileka eYurophu noma eMelika futhi ufake injini esetshenzisiwe.
Imoto yenkontileka ihambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, iyiyunithi esebenzayo ehlakazwe emotweni efanayo.
Zonke izinjini zenkontileka zihlolwe ngaphambi kokudayiswa. Abahlinzeki ngokuvamile balungisa wonke amasistimu, benze isilingo futhi baqinisekise ukusebenza okungenazinkinga nempilo ende yesevisi. Ngaphezu kwezinjini zenkontileka, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, okunamathiselwe kanye nezinto ezifakwayo zifakiwe.
Ukulungiswa kabusha kwenjini yemoto akukhuthazwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ikakhulukazi uma le modeli isivele isiphumile ekukhiqizeni.
Izinzuzo zenjini ethengwe ngaphansi kwenkontileka yilezi:
- ikhwalithi yefekthri;
- sebenza kuphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu;
- ukugqoka okuncane;
- insiza enkulu yokusebenza;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zekhwalithi ephezulu;
- isimo sengqondo sokukhathalela esivela kubanikazi bangaphambili;
- ukugcinwa ngokuqinile kwezindinganiso zokulondoloza;
- isevisi yomthengisi;
- izindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa neyunithi entsha.
Ukungalungi kwezinjini ezinjalo kuhlanganisa:
- ibanga eliphakeme lezimoto zakwamanye amazwe;
- ukungakwazi ukuhlola impilo yesevisi;
- ukuntuleka kweziqinisekiso zokuthi umnikazi wangaphambili uzothobela izincomo zomenzi.
Akufanele uthenge iyunithi yamandla endala kuneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ezinjinini zikadizili.
Impilo yenjini yakwaVolkswagen kanye newaranti yomkhiqizi
Ukunquma izinga lokugqoka kwenjini kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kuncike ku:
- izinsiza ezilawulwa umenzi;
- izimo zokusebenza;
- umthwalo wemoto;
- isitayela sokushayela.
I-Volkswagen iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemoto kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso. Lesi siqinisekiso sisebenza unyaka owodwa noma u-20 km (noma yikuphi okwenzeka kuqala) kusukela ngosuku lokuthengwa kwezingxenye ngazinye kanye neminyaka emi-4 noma u-100 km kuyo yonke imoto.
Umshini onokwethenjelwa awubangeli inkinga ngokuguga okukhulayo kwezingxenye ngokushintshwa okujwayelekile kwamafutha enjini.
Iwaranti inqanyulwa ezimweni ezibangelwa:
- ukusetshenziswa kabi;
- ukunganaki ngesikhathi sokusebenza;
- ukuguqulwa nokuguqulwa kwezingxenye kanye nezifunda;
- ukulungiswa okwenziwe ngokungalungile;
- ukulungiswa okungalungile kwama-node ngamanye;
- ukulimala ngamabomu ezingxenyeni;
- ukusebenzisa izingxenye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingahambisani nalo modeli;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ngezinhloso zokuncintisana nezingekho emgwaqeni;
- ukungahambisani nezikhawu zesevisi ezinconyiwe kanye nezidingo zokusebenza;
- ukungqubuzana nezinto;
- ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla yabanye;
- ukulimala kwemvelo;
- izikhukhula;
- izingozi;
- umlilo.
Amathiphu Wokusebenza
Lapho uthenga imoto entsha ukuze wandise ukuphila injini, ochwepheshe batusa ukunaka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Inkulungwane yokuqala yamakhilomitha emotweni entsha akufanele ishayelwe ngesivinini esikhulu. Ijubane le-crankshaft akufanele lidlule u-75% yenani eliphezulu elingenzeka. Uma kungenjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kuzokwanda futhi ukugqoka kwendawo yangaphakathi yamasilinda kuzoqala. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu insiza yeyunithi yamandla.
- Injini kufanele ifudumale ngaphambi kokushayela. Lesi simo sibaluleke kakhulu ezinjinini ze-turbo nezinjini zikadizili.
- Ezinjinini ezintsha zikadizili, izinga likawoyela kufanele lihlolwe kukho konke ukufakwa kwe-refueling.
- Isikhathi sokulungisa injini esituswe ngabakwaVolkswagen kumele sibhekwe ngokuqinile.
Ukuzihlola ngokwakho injini
Emotweni yesimanje, iyunithi yokulawula injini ilawula ukusebenza kwezinzwa nezingxenye eziyinhloko. Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kukhonjiswe ngamalambu esignali ku-instrument cluster - isibonelo, inkomba ye-Check Engine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa ichweba elijwayelekile le-OBD-II, ungaxhuma imishini yokuxilonga futhi uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ngazinye ngokufunda amakhodi wephutha.
Amathuluzi okuxilonga adingekayo
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha uzodinga:
- ithuluzi lokuxilonga elihambisana nesistimu kagesi yemoto;
- ikhompuyutha noma i-smartphone ukuze uguqule imininingwane etholiwe.
I-algorithm yokuxazulula inkinga ye-adaptha yokuxilonga ye-OBD-II
- Xhuma i-adaptha nemoto evaliwe.
- Faka isithwebuli embobeni ye-OBD-2.Ngesixhumi esijwayelekile, ungaxhuma amadivaysi ahlukahlukene okuskena
- Vula i-ignition. Iskena esixhunyiwe sizovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngenombolo enkulu yemisebenzi ye-adaptha, amathuba okuthola amaphutha afihliwe ayanwetshwa
- Thola idivayisi yokuskena kukhompyutha noma i-smartphone - izochazwa njengoxhumano lwembobo ye-COM evamile noma idivayisi ye-bluetooth.Lolu hlelo luzovumela noma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto ukuthi aqonde izimbangela zokuhluleka kwenjini
Uhlelo lokupholisa injini yeVolkswagen
Ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini zakwaVolkswagen kunqunywa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwesistimu yokupholisa, okuwumjikelezo ovaliwe oxhuma iyunithi yamandla, irediyetha namapayipi. Ukupholisa (okupholile) kuzungeza kule sekethi. Uketshezi olushisayo lupholiswa kurediyetha. Isisekelo sokupholisa i-ethylene glycol, ezinzile phezu kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi. Umkhiqizi uncoma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zokupholisa kuphela.
Ukupholisa injini kuvamise ukuba nombala ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuvuza kulula ukukubona.
Iphampu yamanzi ihlinzeka ngokuzungeza okuphoqelekile kwesipholile ngesekhethi yokupholisa futhi ishayelwa ibhande. Amapayipi esistimu yokupholisa injini yeVolkswagen ahlanganisa amapayipi, irediyetha kanye nethangi lokunweba. Imishini yokulawula izinga lokushisa ihlanganisa izinzwa, i-thermostat, irediyetha nekepisi yethangi lokunweba nesiphephetha-moya. Zonke lezi zici zisebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kweyunithi yamandla. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukusebenza kwenjini kanye nokwakheka kwamagesi okukhipha umoya.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa
Iningi lezinkinga zesistimu yokupholisa ziwumphumela wokuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele kwezakhi zayo kanye nokushintshwa okungakafiki kwesipholile. Irediyetha namapayipi kungaphansi kokuguga, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle izindawo ezincane zokupholisa imoto ngaphansi kwemoto ngemva kokupaka ubusuku bonke kanye nephunga elinamandla lokupholisa lapho ushayela.
Izinkinga zesistimu yokupholisa ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- izinga lokupholisa eliphansi, eliholela ekubonakaleni kwamaphakethe omoya, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokugqwala okusheshayo kwezindawo zensimbi eziveziwe;
- ukusetshenziswa kokupholisa kwekhwalithi ephansi noma uhlobo olunganconywa umenzi;
- ukuvuza noma ukuvinjelwa kwe-radiator kanye nethangi lokunweba;
- amanzi asele ohlelweni ngemva kokulushayela;
- ukulimala kwebhande lokushayela iphampu yamanzi;
- ukuvuza okupholile.
Akufanele wenze ihlaya ngesistimu yokupholisa, ngakho kufanele uhlole izinga loketshezi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uma injini ishisa kakhulu, ikhanda le-cylinder lingase likhubazekile futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-gasket yokuvala kuzokwehla.
Ukudubula inkinga
Ungagcina isistimu yakho yokupholisa isesimweni esihle sokusebenza ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezilula:
- ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kohlelo lokuvuza kokupholisa;
- ukulawula ukwakheka kwesipholile, ukukhishwa kwamanzi angena ohlelweni;
- ukugezwa okuphelele kwesistimu ngemva kokukhipha isipholile esidala;
- ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-radiator kusuka emaqabunga, udoti nokungcola;
- hlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukushuba kwesimo nesimo sebhande le-pump drive.
Ividiyo: ukulungisa ukuvuza okupholile ku-VW Jetta
Ukuvimbela isistimu yokupholisa kuhilela lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwegumbi lenjini;
- ukushintshwa okupholisayo njalo eminyakeni emihlanu;
- ukushintshwa kwamapayipi njalo eminyakeni emibili;
- ukushintshwa kwe-thermostat ekushiseni okuphezulu kwenjini;
- ukulungiswa kwengcindezi nokushintshwa ngesikhathi kwebhande lepompo lamanzi;
- ukushintshwa kwepompo ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokungasebenzi kahle;
- ukuhlola nokufaka esikhundleni sezinzwa ezipholile nezinzwa zokushisa ngokwehla kancane kwezinga lokushisa lenjini.
Ngokusobala, ukusebenza okungenazinkinga kwesistimu yokupholisa kungenzeka kuphela ngokusebenza okulungile kwezinye izinhlelo kanye nezingxenye zezimoto zeVolkswagen.
Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bezinjini zokukhathazeka kweVolkswagen bukhulu kakhulu. Umnikazi ngamunye wemoto ongase abe khona angakhetha iyunithi yamandla ngokuhambisana nezifiso zabo, amandla ezezimali kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwemoto.
