Ukuxilongwa kwesistimu yokushisa

Imvamisa isizathu sokuthi imoto ingaqali kuba nezinkinga ohlelweni lwayo lokuthungela. Ukuze uhlonze inkinga, udinga ukuxilonga ukuthungela. Ngezinye izikhathi akulula ukwenza lokhu, ngoba, okokuqala, kunenombolo enkulu yama-node axilongwa (izinkinga zingaba emakhandlela, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene, umsabalalisi nezinye izakhi), futhi okwesibili, kulokhu udinga ukusebenzisa imishini eyengeziwe - i-motor tester, i-ohmmeter, isithwebuli sokubona amaphutha emishinini efakwe i-ECU. Ake sibheke lezi zimo ngokuningiliziwe.

Isistimu yokushisa imoto

Izincomo ezijwayelekile uma kwenzeka ukwehlukana

Imvamisa, ukuwohloka kwesistimu yokuthungela imoto kuhlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kwekhwalithi yokuxhumeka kukagesi kumjikelezo, noma ukuvuza kwamanje ezintanjeni ezinama-voltage aphezulu. Ake sibhale kafushane lokho okudingeka uqale ukukunaka uma kuphakama izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokuthungela imoto, kanye nokuthi iyiphi i-algorithm okufanele uyenze.

1. Hlola isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri nge-voltmeter. I-voltage kuyo kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-9,5 V. Uma kungenjalo, ibhethri kufanele lishajwe noma lishintshwe.
2. Hlola ikhwalithi yabathintana nabo kumojuli yekhoyili kuwo wonke ama-spark plug.
3. Hlola wonke amakhandlela. Akufanele babe nama-deposit amnyama abalulekile, futhi ibanga phakathi kwama-electrode kufanele libe ngu-0,7 ... 1,0 mm.
4. Susa futhi uhlole izinzwa ze-camshaft kanye ne-crankshaft. Uma kunesidingo, zidinga ukushintshwa.

Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zilele ekuphulwa kwekhwalithi yabathintana nabo noma ukuvuza kwamanje ezintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage. Hlola ukufakwa kwazo, isimo sekhoyili yokuthungela, isikhiya sokuthungela, i-coil fuse.

Khumbula ukuthi isizathu okungenzeka ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ingaqali kungaba uhlelo lokulwa nobugebengu bemoto. Ngaphambi kokuqala, hlola isimo sayo.

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zamaphutha

Intambo yokushisa kagesi ephezulu eyonakele

Imvamisa, ukuwohloka ohlelweni lokuthungela kuvela ekuxhumekeni kokuxhumana kwamasekethe kagesi, kufaka phakathi izintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwe-insulation yabo, inhlansi igqekeza emzimbeni, okubangela izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Kuhle ukuhlola ukugqunywa kwezintambo ze-high-voltage ebumnyameni. Khona-ke inhlansi evelayo ibonakala ngokucacile.

Hlala njalo ubhekile ubumsulwa be-insulation izintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage. Iqiniso. ukuthi amafutha afika ebusweni bawo athambise kakhulu ukufakwa, futhi ahehe izinhlayiya zothuli nokungcola kuwo, okungabangela ukuphuka kwenhlansi.

Kuma-insulators amakhandlela, "izindlela" zingase zivele lapho ukuwohloka kudlula khona. Uma amandla engahambisani nezintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage, khona-ke udinga ukuhlola izingxenye ze-voltage ephansi yesistimu yokuthungela, okungukuthi, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kusuka ebhethri kuya kukhoyili yokuthungela. Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kube inkinobho yokuthungela noma i-fuse eshaywayo.

Spark plugs

ama-electrodes we-spark plug

Ngokuvamile izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni izinkinga nge-spark plugs. Ekhandlelani elihle:

• ama-electrode kuwo awashiswa, futhi igebe phakathi kwabo liyi-0,7 ... 1,0 mm;
• akukho msizi omnyama, ama-chips we-insulator ecaleni;
• azikho izimpawu zokushisa ku-insulator yangaphandle yekhandlela, kanye nokuqhekeka noma ukulimala komshini.

Ungafunda ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokunquma isimo saso nge-soot yekhandlela futhi uhlole injini yomlilo yangaphakathi esihlokweni esihlukile.

Ukucekela phansi

Ukushisa okungalungile komuntu ngamunye kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

• ukuxhumana okungazinzile noma isici esingahlali unomphela engxenyeni ye-low-voltage yesistimu yokuthungela;
• ukuhlukana kwesekethe ye-high-voltage yesistimu yokuthungela noma ukulimala kusilayidi.

Ikhava yesilayidi neyokusabalalisa

Izizathu zomlilo ongalungile zingase zibe ukuwohloka ekusebenzeni kwe-crankshaft kanye nezinzwa zokuma kwe-camshaft (ungabona ukuthi ungayibheka kanjani inzwa yeHholo esihlokweni esihlukile).

Ezimotweni ezine-carbureted, inkinga iwukuthi ikhava yokusabalalisa. Ngokuvamile kuvela imifantu noma umonakalo kuyo. Ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe nhlangothi zombili, ngemuva kokusula othulini nokungcola. Kudingekile ukunaka ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona imifantu, amathrekhi e-carbon, othintana nabo abashisiwe nezinye iziphambeko. udinga futhi ukuhlola isimo samabhulashi, kanye nokuqina kokucindezela kwawo endaweni yokuxhumana yesilayidi. Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, kunconywa ukufafaza ubuso besistimu nge-desiccant.

Ikhoyili coil

Imbangela evamile yezinkinga ohlelweni ikhoyili yokuthungela (ngemuva kwalokhu i-short circuit). Umsebenzi wayo ukwakhiwa kokukhishwa kwe-voltage ephezulu ku-spark plug. Amakhoyili ahlukene ngokwesakhiwo. Imishini emidala yayisebenzisa amakhoyili anomoya owodwa, eyesimanjemanje isebenzisa amamojula angamawele noma ama-monolithic aqukethe izintambo namalugi anamandla kagesi. Njengamanje, amakhoyili avame ukufakwa kusilinda ngasinye. Zifakwe emakhandleleni, ukuklama kwazo akuhlinzeki ngokusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziphezulu zamandla kanye namathiphu.

Ikhoyili coil

Ezimotweni ezindala, lapho ikhophi elifushane lifakwe khona ekhophi eyodwa, ukwehluleka kwayo (ukuphuka kwe-winging noma i-short circuit kuyo) kwaholela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi imoto ayizange iqale. Ezimotweni zanamuhla, uma kunezinkinga kwenye yamakhoyili, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqala "ukuhamba".

Ungakwazi ukuxilonga ikhoyili yokuthungela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo;
• usebenzisa i-ohmmeter;
• ngosizo lwe-motor-tester (i-oscillograph).

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola okubukwayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela izingxenye zamanje-insulating. Akufanele zibe nemikhondo yomsizi, kanye nemifantu. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa uthole ukuthi kuneziphambeko ezinjalo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhoyili kufanele nakanjani ishintshwe.

Ukuhlonzwa kokungasebenzi kahle komlilo kubandakanya ukukala ukumelana nokushisisa kumawindi aphambili nawesibili ekhoyili yokuthungela. Ungayikala nge-ohmmeter (i-multimeter esebenza kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana), ngokwenza izilinganiso kumatheminali ama-windings.

Ikhoyili ngayinye yokuthungela inenani layo lokumelana. Ulwazi oluthe xaxa lungatholakala emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yalo.

imininingwane eningiliziwe yokuhlola ivezwe esihlokweni sendlela yokuhlola ikhoyili yokuthungela. Futhi indlela enembe kakhulu futhi ephelele yokuxilonga ikhoyili yokuthungela kanye nohlelo lonke lwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-motor tester (oscilloscope).

Ukuxilongwa kwemojuli ye-ignition

Imojula yokushisa ye-ICE

Ukuxilongwa okushiwo kufanele kwenziwe lapho ukungasebenzi kahle okulandelayo kwenzeka:

• ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• ukwehluleka kwezimoto kwimodi yokusheshisa;
• I-ICE iphindwe kathathu noma kabili.

Ngokufanelekile, isithwebuli esiphrofeshinali kanye nesihloli semoto kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuxilonga imojuli yokuthungela. Kodwa-ke, njengoba le mishini iyabiza futhi isetshenziswa kuphela eziteshini zesevisi ezichwepheshile, kuhlale kungenzeka ukuthi umshayeli ojwayelekile ahlole imojula yokuthungela kuphela ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe. Okungukuthi, kunezindlela ezintathu zokuqinisekisa:

1. Ukushintsha imojuli ngomunye osebenzayo owaziwayo. Nokho, kunezinkinga ezimbalwa lapha. Okokuqala ukuntuleka kwemoto yokunikela. Okwesibili ukuthi enye imojula kufanele ifane ncamashi naleyo ehlolwayo. Okwesithathu - izintambo ezinamandla kagesi kumele kwaziwe ukuthi zisesimweni esihle. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa.
2. Indlela yokunyakazisa imojuli. Ukuze uhlole i-node, udinga nje ukuhambisa ibhulokhi yezintambo, kanye nemojula ngokwayo. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo imodi yokusebenza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishintsha ngokuphawulekayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi endaweni ethile kukhona othintana naye omubi odinga ukulungiswa.
3. Isilinganiso sokumelana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga i-ohmmeter (i-multimeter esebenza kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana nogesi). Ama-probe edivayisi akala ukumelana kumatheminali phakathi kuka-1 no-4, kanye namasilinda angu-2 no-3. Inani lokumelana kufanele lifane. Ngokuqondene nosayizi wayo, ingahluka emishinini ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze Vaz-2114, leli nani kufanele kube esifundeni 5,4 kOhm.

Uhlelo lokulawula ngogesi lwe-DVSm

Cishe zonke izimoto zesimanje zifakwe i-electronic control unit (ECU). Ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo imingcele yokusebenza efanele yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholwe kuzinzwa. Ngosizo lwayo, ungakwazi ukuhlonza ukuwohloka okwenzeke ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zemishini, kuhlanganise nesistimu yokuthungela. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, udinga ukuxhuma isithwebuli esikhethekile, lapho, uma kwenzeka iphutha, sizokubonisa ikhodi yaso. Ngokuvamile, iphutha ekusebenzeni kohlelo lingenzeka ngenxa yokuwohloka kwesinye sezinzwa zikagesi ezinikeza ulwazi kukhompyutha. Isithwebuli sikagesi sizokwazisa ngephutha.

Ukuxilongwa kwesistimu yokushisa kusetshenziswa i-oscilloscope

Ngokuvamile, lapho kuhlolwa ngobungcweti uhlelo lokuthungela imoto, kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-motor tester. Umsebenzi wayo oyisisekelo ukuqapha i-waveform ye-voltage ephezulu ohlelweni lokuthungela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzisa le divayisi, ungakwazi ukubuka amapharamitha alandelayo okusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela:

Isethi ephelele yesihloli semoto sokuxilonga imoto

• i-spark voltage;
• isikhathi sokuba khona kwenhlansi;
• ukuhlukana kwe-voltage ye-spark.

Lonke ulwazi luboniswa esikrinini ngesimo se-oscillogram esikrinini sekhompyutha, esinikeza isithombe esiphelele sokusebenza kwamakhandlela nezinye izakhi zesistimu yokushisa imoto. Ngokuya ngesistimu yokuthungela, ukuxilonga kwenziwa ngokuya ngama-algorithms ahlukene.

okungukuthi, amasistimu wokuthungela wakudala (umsabalalisi), ngamunye kanye ne-DIS ayahlolwa kusetshenziswa i-oscilloscope ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ungathola imiyalo enemininingwane ngalokhu esihlokweni esihlukile sokuhlola ukuthungela nge-oscilloscope.

okutholakele

ukuwohloka kwesimiso sokuthungela imoto ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuphenduke izinkinga ezinkulu ngesikhathi esingafanele. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole izakhi zayo eziyisisekelo (ama-spark plugs, izintambo ezinamandla kagesi, amakhoyili okushisa). Leli sheke lilula, futhi lingaphakathi kwamandla ngisho nomshayeli ongenalwazi. Futhi uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka okuyinkimbinkimbi, sincoma ukuthi ufune usizo esiteshini sesevisi ukuze wenze ukuxilonga okuningiliziwe usebenzisa isihloli semoto kanye nezinye izinto zokuxilonga.