CVT gearbox - kuyini?

Liyini ibhokisi le-CVT, futhi ihluke kanjani emshinini osetshenziswayo? lolu hlobo luka-gearbox lusho ukungabikho kwezilinganiso zamagiya angaguquki. Lokhu kunikeza ukuhamba okushelelayo, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kumamodi alungile. Elinye igama lebhokisi elinjalo i-variator. khona-ke sizocabangela izinzuzo nezingozi ze-gearbox ye-CVT, ama-nuances okusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabashayeli asebevele banezimoto ezine-transmission eguquguqukayo eqhubekayo.

Incazelo

Isifinyezo esithi CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission - English) sihumusha ngokuthi "ukudluliselwa okuguquguqukayo njalo." Okusho ukuthi, ukwakheka kwayo kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ushintsho olubushelelezi isilinganiso sokudlulisa phakathi kokushayela kanye nama-pulleys aqhutshwayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhokisi le-CVT linezilinganiso eziningi zamagiya ebangeni elithile (imikhawulo yobubanzi ibeka ubuncane kanye namadiamitha ompuli aphezulu). Ukusebenza kwe-CVT ngezindlela eziningi kufana nokusebenzisa umshini ozishintshayo. Ungafunda ngokuhlukana kwabo ngokwehlukana.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-variators:

Ukusebenza kwe-CVT

• yangaphambili;
• okuyindilinga;
• ibhola;
• i-multidisk;
• ukuphela;
• igagasi;
• amabhola e-disc;
• Ibhande le-V.

Ibhokisi CVT (variator) isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela njengoba ukudluliselwa izimoto, kodwa futhi nezinye izimoto - isibonelo, scooters, snowmobiles, ATVs, njalonjalo.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwebhokisi le-CVT i-friction V-belt variator. Lokhu kungenxa yobulula obuhlobene nokuthembeka komklamo wayo, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kanye nokwenzeka kokuwusebenzisa ekudluliseni umshini. Namuhla, iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto abakhiqiza izimoto ezinebhokisi le-CVT basebenzisa i-V-belt variators (ngaphandle kwamanye amamodeli akwaNissan anebhokisi le-CVT lohlobo lwe-toroidal). Okulandelayo, cabangela ukuklama nomgomo wokusebenza kwe-variator ye-V-belt.

Ukusebenza kwebhokisi le-CVT

I-V-belt variator iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyisisekelo:

• Ibhande le-trapezoidal lamazinyo. Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisa iketanga lensimbi noma ibhande elenziwe ngamapuleti ensimbi esikhundleni salokho.
• Ama-pulley amabili akhiwe ama-cones abheke elinye nelinye ngamathiphu.

Njengoba ama-coaxial cones esondelana, ububanzi bomjikelezo ochazwa yibhande buyancipha noma buyanda. Izingxenye ezisohlwini zingama-activator e-CVT. Futhi yonke into ilawulwa ngogesi ngokusekelwe olwazini oluvela kuzinzwa eziningi.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-variator

Idivayisi yokudlulisa i-CVT engenasinyathelo

Ngakho-ke, uma ububanzi be-pulley yokushayela bukhulu (izigaxa zayo zizotholakala eduze komunye nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka), futhi eliqhutshwayo lincane (izigaxa zalo zizohlukana ngangokunokwenzeka), lokhu kusho ukuthi "okuphakeme kakhulu igiya” ivuliwe (ihambisana nokudluliswa kwesi-4 noma kwesi-5 endaweni yokudlulisela evamile). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ububanzi be-pulley eqhutshwayo buncane (izigaxa zayo zizohlukana), futhi i-pulley eqhutshwayo iphezulu (izigaxa zayo zizovala), khona-ke lokhu kuhambisana "negiya eliphansi kakhulu" (elokuqala ekudlulisweni kwendabuko).

Ukushayela emuva, i-CVT isebenzisa izixazululo ezengeziwe, ngokuvamile i-gearbox yeplanethi, njengoba indlela yendabuko ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuleli cala.

Ngenxa yezici zokuklama zomklamo, okuhlukile kungasetshenziswa kuphela emishinini emincane (enamandla angaphakathi enjini evuthayo afika ku-220 hp). Lokhu kungenxa yomzamo omkhulu leli bhande elibhekana nalo ngesikhathi lisebenza. Inqubo yokusebenzisa imoto ene-CVT transmission ibeka imingcele ethile kumshayeli. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuqala kungazelelwe usendaweni, ukushayela isikhathi eside ngesivinini esiphezulu noma esincane, ukudonsa inqola, noma ukushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo.

Izinzuzo nezingozi zamabhokisi e-CVT

Njenganoma iyiphi idivayisi yobuchwepheshe, ama-CVT anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi. Kodwa ngobulungisa, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi okwamanje, abakhiqizi bezimoto baqhubeka bethuthukisa lokhu kudluliselwa, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isithombe sizoshintsha, futhi i-CVT izoba namaphutha ambalwa. Nokho, namuhla i-CVT gearbox inezinzuzo nezingozi ezilandelayo:

Izinzuzo	amaphutha
I-variator inikeza ukusheshisa okubushelelezi ngaphandle kwama-jerks, okujwayelekile ku-transmission manual noma othomathikhi.	I-variator namuhla ifakwe emotweni enamandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi afika ku-220 hp. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-motor anamandla kakhulu anomphumela owedlulele ebhandeni lokushayela (chain) le-variator.
Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uphethiloli uyagcinwa, futhi amandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi adluliselwa ezinkambisweni zokukhipha ngokushesha.	I-variator izwela kakhulu izinga likawoyela wegiya. imvamisa, udinga ukuthenga uwoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela, obiza kakhulu kunozakwabo besabelomali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukushintsha uwoyela kaningi kunendlela yokudlulisa yendabuko (cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30).
Ukonga uphethiloli okubalulekile. Kungumphumela wokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokwenyuka okushelelayo kwejubane nesivinini senjini (ekudluliseni okujwayelekile, ukugcwala okubalulekile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushintsha amagiya).	Ubunzima bedivayisi ye-variator (ukuba khona kwe-electronics "smart" kanye nenani elikhulu lezinzwa) kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ekuqhekekeni okuncane kweyodwa yama-node amaningi, i-variator izoshintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumodi yesimo esiphuthumayo noma ikhutshazwe (iphoqelelwe. noma izimo eziphuthumayo).
Ubungane bemvelo obuphezulu, okuwumphumela wokusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto ezine-CVT zihlangabezana nezidingo zesimanje zemvelo zaseYurophu.	Ubunzima bokulungisa. Ngokuvamile, ngisho nezinkinga ezincane ngokusebenza noma ukulungiswa kwe-variator kungaholela esimweni lapho kunzima khona ukuthola indawo yokusebenzela kanye nochwepheshe ukulungisa le yunithi (lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amancane namadolobhana). Futhi izindleko zokulungisa i-variator ziphakeme kakhulu kunezincwadi zendabuko noma ezizenzakalelayo.
I-electronics elawula okuhlukile ihlala ikhetha imodi yokusebenza efanelekile. Okusho ukuthi, ukudluliswa kusebenza njalo ngemodi emnene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekugqokeni nasekusebenzeni kweyunithi.	I-trailer noma enye imoto ayikwazi ukudonswa emotweni ene-CVT.

Imoto ene-CVT ayikwazi ukudonsa nge-trailer noma enye imoto. akukwazi futhi ukudonsa imoto ngokwayo uma injini yayo evuthayo yangaphakathi icishiwe. Okuhlukile uma ulenga i-ekseli yokushayela elolini elidonsayo.

Izinkinga zokusebenza okungenzeka

Empeleni, abanikazi bezimoto ezifakwe i-CVT babhekana nezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu.

1. Ukugqokwa kwe-cone. Isizathu salesi senzo siwukuvinjelwa - ukuthintana nemikhiqizo yokugqoka (ama-metal chips) noma imfucumfucu ezindaweni zokusebenza. Umnikazi wemoto uzotshelwa ngenkinga ngengoma ephuma ku-variator. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokugijima ezahlukene - kusuka 40 kuya 150 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Ngokwezibalo iNissan Qashqai inecala elikhulu ngalokhu. ukuze ugweme inkinga enjalo, kuyadingeka ukushintsha njalo uwoyela wegiya (ngokuhambisana nezincomo zabakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo nge-30 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50).

   Iphampu yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye ne-valve

2. Ukwehluleka kwe-valve yokunciphisa umfutho wepompo likawoyela. Lokhu kuzobikwa kuwe ngama-jerks kanye ne-twitches yemoto, kokubili ngesikhathi sokuqala kanye nokubhuleka, futhi ngesikhathi sokugibela iyunifomu ezolile. Isizathu sokuwohloka, cishe, sizolala emikhiqizweni efanayo yokugqoka. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo, i-valve iboshwe ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi ohlelweni iqala ukugxuma, ububanzi bokushayela kanye nama-pulleys aqhutshwayo awahambisani, ngenxa yalokhu, ibhande liqala ukushelela. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, amafutha kanye nebhande kuvame ukuguqulwa, futhi ama-pulleys aphansi. Ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kuyafana - shintsha uwoyela wokudlulisela nezihlungi ngesikhathi, futhi usebenzise amafutha asezingeni eliphezulu. Khumbula ukuthi uwoyela wegiya lohlobo lwe-CVT kufanele uthululelwe ku-variator (unikeza i-viscosity edingekayo kanye "nokunamathela"). Amafutha e-CVT ahlukaniswa ngokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-clutch "emanzi". Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamathele kakhulu, okunikeza ukunamathela okudingekile phakathi kwama-pulleys nebhande lokushayela.
3. Izinkinga Zezinga Lokusebenza. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-variator izwela kakhulu ebangeni lokushisa lokusebenza, okungukuthi, ukushisa ngokweqile. Inzwa yokushisa inesibopho salokhu, okuthi, uma inani elibalulekile lidlulwa, libeka i-variator kumodi ephuthumayo (isetha ibhande endaweni ephakathi kuwo womabili ama-pulleys). Ukupholisa okuphoqelekile kwe-variator, i-radiator eyengeziwe ivame ukusetshenziswa. ukuze ungashisi kakhulu i-variator, zama ungashayeli ngesivinini esiphezulu noma esincane isikhathi eside. futhi ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza irediyetha yokupholisa ye-CVT (uma imoto yakho inayo).

Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-variator

Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-CVT gearbox (variator) iwuhlobo oluphambili kakhulu lokudlulisela kuze kube manje. Ngakho-ke, kukhona zonke izimfuneko yokuthi i-variator izothatha kancane kancane indawo yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo, njengoba lokhu kushintshwa ngokuzethemba esikhundleni sokudluliselwa kwe-manual ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nokho, uma unquma ukuthenga imoto ifakwe CVT, kufanele sikhumbule amaqiniso alandelayo abalulekile:

• i-variator ayakhelwe isitayela sokushayela esinolaka (ukusheshisa okubukhali nokwehla kwejubane);
• akukhuthazwa ngokuqinile ukushayela imoto efakwe i-variator isikhathi eside ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu futhi esiphezulu kakhulu (lokhu kuholela ekugugeni okungathi sína kweyunithi);
• ibhande le-variator lesaba imithwalo ephawulekayo yokushaqeka, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukushayela kuphela endaweni eyisicaba, ukugwema imigwaqo yezwe kanye nomgwaqo ongekho emgwaqeni;
• ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwasebusika, kuyadingeka ukufudumala ibhokisi, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwalo. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi -30, akunconywa ukusebenzisa umshini.
• ku-variator, kubalulekile ukushintsha uwoyela wegiya ngesikhathi (futhi usebenzise uwoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela).

Ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto nge-gearbox ye-CVT, udinga ukulungiselela izimo zokusebenza kwayo. Kuzokubiza kakhulu, kodwa kuwufanele ubumnandi nenduduzo ehlinzekwa yi-CVT. Izinkulungwane zabashayeli namuhla zisebenzisa i-CVT transmission, futhi isibalo sabo sikhula kuphela.

Izibuyekezo ze-CVT gearbox

Ekugcineni, sikuqoqele ukubuyekezwa kwangempela kwabanikazi bezimoto izimoto zabo ezifakwe i-CVT. Sizethula ukuze uzinakekele ukuze ube nesithombe esiphezulu esicacile sokufaneleka kokukhetha.

Impendulo enhle	Impendulo engalungile
Kufanele ujwayele ukuhluka. Ngaba nombono oqondile wokuthi lapho nje udedela igesi, imoto ima ngokushesha kakhulu kunasemshinini (okungenzeka ukuthi, amabhuleki enjini). Lokhu bekungajwayelekile kimina, ngithanda ukugingqika erobhothini. Futhi kuma-pluses - enjinini engu-1.5, amandla ashintshashintshayo (awaqhathaniswa ne-Supra, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezivamile ezine-1.5) futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuncane.	Wonke umuntu odumisa i-variator, akekho ongakwazi ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi kungani kungcono kunesimanje, futhi bushelelezi i-6-7-speed real hydromechanics, okungukuthi, impendulo ilula, akukho lutho, okubi nakakhulu (ebhalwe ngenhla esihlokweni). Kwenzeka lokhu nje laba bantu bathenge i-CVT ngoba ingcono kune-automatic, kodwa ngoba imoto abanqume ukuyithenga ayifikanga ne-automatic yangempela.
I-CVT iyonga kakhulu kune-automatic (angiyiqhathanisi neSelick, kodwa nanoma iyiphi enye imoto enenjini engu-1.3	I-variator ayifaki ithemba. Intuthuko ethokozisayo, kunjalo. Kodwa, uma kubhekwa ukuthi yonke imboni yezimoto yomhlaba wonke iyasuka ekuthuthukiseni ukwethembeka kumayunithi esimanje, akukho okungalindelwa kuma-varicos (kanye namarobhothi). Kungenzeka yini ukushintshela esimweni sengqondo somthengi ngemoto: Ngayithenga, ngayishayela iminyaka engu-2 ngaphansi kwewaranti, ngahlanganisa, ngathenga entsha. Okuyikho abasiholela kukho.
Izinzuzo - ukusheshisa okusheshayo nokuzethembayo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-automatics kanye nama-mechanics (uma omakhenikha bengeyena umpetha wezemidlalo emjahweni wezimoto). Inzuzo. (Fit-5,5 l, Integra-7 l, kokubili kuthelawayeka)	Kungani udinga i-variator lapho umshini ozenzakalelayo "wakudala" wasungulwa kudala - ubushelelezi futhi unokwethenjelwa kakhulu? Inketho eyodwa kuphela eziphakamisa yona - ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembeka kanye ne-weld ekuthengisweni kwezingxenye ezisele. Futhi kanjalo, 100 ayizinkulungwane. imoto yahamba - konke, sekuyisikhathi sokuya kudoti.
Ngeledlule ebusika ngihambe ngeCivic eneCVT, azikho izinkinga eqhweni. I-variator iyonga kakhulu futhi inamandla kakhulu kunomshini. Into eyinhloko ukuthi uyithola isesimweni esihle. Hhayi-ke, isevisi ebiza kancane iyinani lokushayela injabulo.	Ngamafuphi, i-variator = hemorrhoids, i-mulka yokumaketha yezimoto ezilahlwayo.
Unyaka wesikhombisa ku-variator - indiza yinhle kakhulu!	Isibhamu somshini esidala sithembekile njenge-ak47, nafik lawa ma-varicos

Njengoba ubona, abantu abaningi abaye bazama ukugibela i-CVT okungenani kanye, uma kungenzeka, musa ukwenqaba okwengeziwe kule njabulo. Nokho, kukuwe ukuthi ufinyelele iziphetho.

Imiphumela

I-variator, nakuba iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibiza kakhulu ukuyinakekela, isekhona nanamuhla ukudluliswa okungcono kakhulu ezimotweni ezinezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, intengo yezimoto ezifakwe kuyo izokwehla kuphela, futhi ukuthembeka kwalolu hlelo kuzokhula. Ngakho-ke, imikhawulo echaziwe izosuswa. Kodwa namuhla, ungakhohlwa ngabo, futhi usebenzise umshini ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomenzi, bese ibhokisi le-SVT lizokhonza ngokwethembeka isikhathi eside kanye nomshini ngokwawo.