Iyini iphampu yamanzi?

Iphampu, noma umane, iphampu yamanzi yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, iwumklamo wokumpompa isipholile ohlelweni lokupholisa. Eqinisweni, iphampu inesibopho sokujikeleza kwe-antifreeze enjinini.

Idivayisi yepompo yamanzi

Ngokuvamile, iphampu itholakala phambi kwekhanda le-cylinder. Iphampu yamanzi iwumklamo olula wendlu ene-impeller efakwe ku-shaft. I-shaft ifakwe ku-pair of bearings (eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye). Ukujikeleza kwe-shaft kunikezwa ngokudluliselwa kwe-torque ngebhande elivela enjinini. Lapho injini isebenza, i-antifreeze evela kurediyetha ingena empompini, phakathi nendawo ye-impeller. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-shaft, i-pulley yokushayela ifakwe. Ngebhande lesikhathi kanye ne-pulley, amandla ajikelezayo we-motor adluliselwa ku-shaft, futhi i-shaft ngokwayo ishayela umshini we-impeller.

Isikhala phakathi kwama-impeller blades sigcwele i-antifreeze futhi, ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla e-centrifugal, i-impeller iphonsa i-coolant ezinhlangothini. Ngembobo ekhethekile, ingena ejazini lokupholisa leyunithi yamandla. Ngale ndlela, okokupholisa kusakazwa kulo lonke uhlelo lokupholisa injini.

Izimbangela zokuqhekeka

Njengoba ipompo ilula kakhulu, ayivamile ukuphuka. Uma umshayeli eqapha kahle isimo senjini, akufanele kube nezinkinga ngepompo yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nepompo yamanzi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ingahluleka, ibangele injini ukuba ishise futhi ihluleke.

Phakathi kwezimbangela zezinkinga ngepompo yamanzi kukhona okulandelayo:

• ukulungiswa kwephampu yekhwalithi embi;
• ukuguga kwezingxenye zesakhiwo noma ukuguga kwebhokisi lokugxusha;
• Ekuqaleni iphampu embi.

Esimeni lapho uhlelo luqinile, kodwa iphampu ayikwazi ukujikeleza uketshezi, izinga lokushisa lemoto lizokhula futhi zonke izinzwa kudeshibhodi "zizomemeza" ngakho. Ngisho nohambo olufushane nolufushane lwemoto kumodi enjalo lungaholela ekubilisweni kwe-radiator kanye nokugxuma kwenjini.

Olunye uphawu lokwehluleka kwephampu kungase kube ukuvuza okupholile okwenzeka endaweni lapho iphampu ikhona. Ukuvuza koketshezi ngokwako akuyona inkinga embi kakhulu, njengoba uketshezi ohlelweni luqhubeka nokupholisa zonke izakhi ohlelweni. Kulokhu, kufanele ungeze ngezikhathi ezithile i-antifreeze. Kodwa uma ukuphuka okunjalo kwenzekile, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi umise inkinga engase ibe khona kusenesikhathi, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuvuza kungashuba ngokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo komshini.

Izimpawu zepompo yamanzi ephukile

• Ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze ngokusebenzisa i-drainage noma ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala;
• Umsindo ongaphandle, ukukhenceza ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwepompo;
• umdlalo we-shaft;
• Ukugqoka ama-bearings ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
• I-shaft jamming ngesikhathi sokuskrola;
• Iminonjana yokugqwala esakhiweni.

Ukubanjwa kwe-shaft ngesikhathi sokuskrola kungenxa yokugaxa kwe-bearing. Imikhondo yokugqwala esakhiweni sepompo idala ukungcoliswa kwesipholile. Ukuguga kwebhokisi lokugxusha kanye nokugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwama-bearings kuvame ukubangelwa ukuqina ngokweqile kwesikhathi, ukungahambi kahle kwama-pulleys okushayela, noma ukuwohloka kophawu lwemishini, lapho uketshezi lungena khona kuma-bearings futhi lugeze igrisi kuwo.

Uma uthenga iphampu entsha, hlola ukuhlanzeka kokujikeleza kwe-shaft. Ukujikeleza kufanele kube okulinganayo futhi ngaphandle kokuxubana. Uma ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-jamming kuzwakala kwelinye lamaphuzu, lokhu kubonisa izinga eliphansi lama-bearings, futhi kungcono ukwenqaba ingxenye enjalo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ipompo yamanzi ihlale isesimweni esihle futhi ayibangeli izinkinga, kunconywa ukuba kuhlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile uhlelo lokupholisa. Ukwelula impilo yepompo, sincoma futhi ukugcwalisa i-antifreeze enqunywe umenzi futhi esikhundleni sayo ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokugcinwa kwemoto.

Kwezinye izimo, izinkinga zephampu yamanzi zingalungiswa uwedwa. Isibonelo, buyisela ama-shaft bearings. Kodwa ukuze ulungise lesi sakhiwo ngokwakho, udinga ukuba neziqu ezifanele futhi ube namathuluzi adingekayo. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthenga iphampu entsha.

Uma uthenga iphampu entsha, hlola ukuhlanzeka kokujikeleza kwe-shaft. Ukujikeleza kwe-shaft kufanele kube ngokulinganayo futhi ngaphandle kokuxubana. Uma, ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, i-jamming izwakala kwelinye lamaphuzu, lokhu kubonisa izinga eliphansi lama-bearings, futhi kungcono ukwenqaba ipompo elinjalo.

Ithiphu

Njalo shintsha iphampu yamanzi kanye nebhande nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokushayela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola uhlelo lwe-belt drive olushayela iphampu yamanzi. Izinkinga ku-tensioner noma ibhande zingabangela ukwehluleka ukuthwala futhi zinciphise impilo yepompo yamanzi. Ngokuphambene, ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze kuvame ukuthinta isimo sebhande. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sepompo ngesikhathi esifanayo nokufaka ibhande nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokushayela.