Iyini i-all-wheel drive futhi isebenza kanjani?

Lapho umshayeli wemoto ekhetha imoto entsha, esinye sezinkomba esivame ukunakwa ukuthi luhlobo luni lokushayela okuthiwa "intandokazi" enalo. Kunombono osunguliwe phakathi kwabashayeli wokuthi imoto esebenza kahle kumele ibe ne-4x4 chip.

Ngokunaka ukuthandwa kwezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane, abenzi bezimoto bakhiqiza izimoto ezingekho mgwaqo kanye nama-crossovers asuka kulayini wokuhlangana, lapho ukuhanjiswa kuqinisekisa khona ukuthi wonke amasondo ayajikeleza. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko zale ndlela, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu: ingabe kuyenzeka ngempela ukuba nemoto enamasondo onke?

Yini idrayivu enamasondo amane

Ukuhamba ngamasondo onke kusho imoto okushayelwa kuyo wonke amasondo. I-torque isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngokudluliswa, okunikeza umshini ukunyuka kwe-flotation.

Ukuhamba ngamasondo amane kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamayunithi angeziwe athumela amandla esondweni ngalinye. Kulokhu, womabili ama-asi wemoto ayasebenza. Iyunithi enjalo isetshenziswa kaningi kumamodeli avame ukunqoba izimo ezingekho mgwaqo. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi imoto yabagibeli ejwayelekile ibe ne-Quattro noma i-4x4 plate efiselekayo esivalweni sesiqu.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zawo wonke amasondo

Yize kunezinguquko eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokuhanjiswa kwamasondo onke, kunezimbili kuphela eziyinhloko. Zihlukile komunye nomunye ngohlobo lokuxhuma kwe-eksisi eyengeziwe. Cabanga ngalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokushayela, kanye nama-subspecies ajwayelekile kakhulu.

Iyakwazi ukuxhumeka (isikhathi esithile)

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, kulokhu, imoto izoba nedrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, futhi kaningi - idonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Ivula i-4wd isebenzisa i-lever ebhokisini lesikhethi noma inkinobho kukhonsoli.

Lokhu ukuhluka okulula kohlobo lwedrayivu eyisisekelo. Okuhlukile kuyindlela elula yokwenza ngayo. I-cam clutch ifakwe ku-gearbox. Ixhuma i-eksisi yesibili. Lapho uhlelo lusebenza, wonke amasondo athola amandla avela ku-gearbox. Umshayeli uvule ngokuzimela idrayivu enamasondo amane.

Yize lo mshini ulula ngesakhiwo, unenkinga enkulu. Idrayivu enamasondo amane ingabandakanyeka kuphela ezindaweni ezingazinzile zomgwaqo. Isibonelo, lapho umshayeli ebona isihlabathi noma udaka phambi kwemoto, udinga ukuhambisa inkinobho iye endaweni efanele.

Uhlelo alukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngejubane elikhulu, ngoba alusebenzisi umehluko wesikhungo. Ngalesi sizathu, i-handout (yini futhi yini ukungasebenzi kahle, funda esihlokweni esehlukile) uzohlangabezana nokugcwala ngokweqile lapho umshayeli ekhohlwa ukucisha idrayivu emgwaqweni oyisicaba. Lokhu kuzolimaza ukudluliswa.

Okuzenzakalelayo (okuzenzakalelayo kwe-4WD)

Le yi-analogue ezenzakalelayo yokudluliswa kwangaphambilini. Kusebenza ngogesi. Idizayini yeyunithi isebenzisa i-viscous coupling ehambisana ne-elektroniki yemoto.

Lapho imoto ishayisa emgwaqeni ongazinzile, isondo elilodwa noma womabili ashayela aqala ukushibilika. I-automation iphendula ekujikeni okungalingani kwe-asi ye-drive futhi isebenze i-axle yesibili.

Lokhu kudlulisa kukhombise ukusebenza ngokwanele odakeni, eqhweni noma esihlabathini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuguqulwa kunenkinga enkulu: ngaphandle kokuxegiselwa kwesondo lokushayela, iyunithi yokulawula ngeke ixhume isistimu.

Okunye ukungalungi ukushisa okuvamile kokuhlangana kwe-viscous. Ngalesi sizathu, idrayivu ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle komgwaqo isikhathi eside. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto zinokukhiya zisebenzisa inkinobho.

Idrayivu yamasondo amane yesikhathi esigcwele (Isikhathi esigcwele 4WD)

Lolu hlobo lokudluliswa lwehlukile kunalolo lwangaphambili ngokuthi womabili ama-ekseli anokuzibandakanya njalo. Ukwehlisa umthwalo ecaleni lokudlulisa nokwenza ngcono ukuzinza komshini ku-asphalt ebushelelezi, umklamo usebenzisa umehluko wesikhungo. Lesi sici sinxephezela umehluko ngokushintshaniswa kwamasondo ahlukene.

Ukuhlinzeka ngokwanda kwekhono le-cross-country, linezinkinobho zokhiye zokwehlukanisa. Ngaphandle komgwaqo, umshayeli angakhiya umehluko we-cross-axle (le ndlela ichazwa lapha), kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokunweba phakathi kwama-ekseli. Le nketho yenziwe yasebenza ngemodi ezenzakalelayo noma ngemodi yesandla.

Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakelwe lolu hlobo lwamasondo onke. Banekhono elihle lokuwela izwe, futhi futhi abathambekele ekukhukhulekeni. Uma imoto ifakwe ukuvimba okwenziwa ngesandla, ke qiniseka ukuyivula ngaphambi kokunqoba ukungcola nezinye izingxenye zomgwaqo ezifanayo. Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngokuthi uyini umehluko okhiye, utshele ngokwehlukana.

I-Multi-mode drive enamasondo amane (Kukhethwa i-4WD)

Lokhu kuguqulwa kufake izinzuzo zazo zonke izinhlobo zangaphambilini. Iqeda ukushiyeka kwazo zombili izindlela zokukhiya ezizenzakalelayo nezenziwa ngesandla, futhi ivumela nomshayeli ukuthi alungiselele imoto ohambweni oluthile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha imodi efanele kwisikhethi sebhokisi, futhi i-elekthronikhi izokwenza konke ngokuzimela.

Okuwukuphela kwento engamisa umshayeli ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto enalolu hlobo lwama-wheel drive wonke yizindleko zayo eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli cala, udinga ukudlala phambili: ngaphezu kwezindleko zohlelo uqobo, udinga ukunaka ukuthi nalo lidinga ukusizakala.

Ukuhamba ngamasondo amane: ukuklanywa nokusebenza

Ngokuvamile ezimakethe zezimoto ungathola amamodeli lapho kufakwa khona ukuhlangana okunamandla. Idivayisi yohlelo olunjalo ifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwamasondo e-ekseli enkulu;
• Indawo yokuhlola - kungaba inketho ezenzakalelayo noma ibhukwana;
• Umahluko ukukhokhela ukujikeleza phakathi kwama-asi;
• Umphini weCardan;
• Dlulisa icala ngegiya eliyinhloko le-ekseli lesibili;
• Bamba viscous.

Uma imoto ihamba ngamasondo angaphambili ngokuzenzakalela, khona-ke injini nebhokisi elikuyo lizotholakala emzimbeni wonke. Endabeni yedrayivu eyinhloko yamasondo angemuva, lawa amayunithi atholakala emzimbeni. Ukuma nokuklanywa kwezinto ezixhunyiwe ze-eksisi yesibili kuzoya ngalokhu.

Lapho kufakwa idrayivu enamasondo amane, ibhokisi lokudlulisa lihambisa i-torque ngokulinganayo esondweni ngalinye elixhunyiwe, livimbe ukuthi lingaphumi. Lapho isivinini sokuncipha sisebenza, i-torque iyanda, esiza imoto ukunqoba izingxenye ezinzima zethrekhi.

Uhlelo lusebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo. Imoto idlulisa ukunyakaza kwe-rotary ku-clutch (uma idlulisela ngesandla) noma kuguquli we-torque (uma idlulisela nge-othomathikhi). Ngokuya ngejubane lokuhamba (kungcono ukunqoba umgwaqo ongekho emgwaqeni ngegiya lokuqala), i-torque ingena ecaleni lokudlulisa, lapho liguqulwa khona futhi linikezwe amasondo wokushayela. Umsebenzi wenziwa nge-cardan (ukuthi lokhu kudluliswa kwemisebenzi kwaxoxwa kanjani  ngaphambili kancane).

Yikuphi ukushayela okungamasondo amane okungcono

Ukuguqulwa okwenziwa ngesandla kwe-PP akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi. Yenzelwe imishini ekhethekile. Inketho evame kakhulu ukuxhumeka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-eksisi yesibili. Ingasebenzisa i-viscous coupling noma i-electronics, eqopha ukufundwa kokujikeleza kwamasondo.

Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa imoto ohambweni lwe-offroad, kungcono ukuthi ungagxili futhi uthenge imodeli esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu - i-Selectable 4WD. Izokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imoto ethrekhi njengemoto ejwayelekile yomgibeli, futhi uma ushayela ngaphandle kokumbozwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu - njengemoto ethinta yonke indawo.

Akufanele uthenge imoto enohlelo olunjalo kumgomo othi "kubo bonke abacimi bomlilo" - lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwemali kungenangqondo. Kulokhu, kungasiza kakhulu ukuthenga imoto ene-viscous coupling.

Izinzuzo zokuhamba ngamasondo onke

Manje kungani izimoto ze-XNUMXWD zithandwa kangaka (ngisho nezimoto zabagibeli)? Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo zalokhu kudluliswa abashayeli abaningi abanentshisekelo kuzo:

• Imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingcono emigwaqeni engazinzile, ngokwesibonelo, imanzi imvula, iqhwa noma iqhwa eligcwele phama;
• Lapho ushayela umqansa, umshayeli ngeke akhathazeke ngokuthi umgwaqo uyashelela;
• Noma idonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ingasaphathwa eyokushaywa ngamasondo angemuva engaziqhayisa ngekhono elisebenza ngokunqamula izwe;
• Ngenxa yokuqina kokuqina kokuqondisa, imoto ihlala izinzile kuma-bend;
• Ngisho nemoto encane enokufuduka kwenjini encane izoba nokusheshisa okufiselekayo uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto efanayo ene-axle drive eyodwa.

Nebubi 4x4 drive

Ngaphambi kokukhetha imodeli ye-4wd, kufanele ucabangele ezinye izingqinamba:

• Imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo izobiza kakhulu, futhi lokhu akusikho ukumaketha, kodwa isizathu semvelo, ngoba kunezindlela ezengeziwe zomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kwezokuthutha;
• Ukugcinwa kwezimoto ezinjalo kubiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwensizakalo ejwayelekile, kuzodinga futhi ukuxilongwa kwamabhokisi wamagiya angeziwe, icala lokudlulisa ukuze kwandiswe impilo yeyunithi. Uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka kwesistimu, umnikazi kuzodingeka ukuthi afune ukulungiswa okubizayo;
• Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-analogue, kuphela kudrayivu enamasondo angaphambili, izimoto ezinjalo "ziminzile" kakhulu. Ngokuvamile lokhu kusebenza kuma-SUV agcwele, kodwa-ke, izimoto zabagibeli ezinezici ezifanayo zikhuphuke kancane ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Njengesiphetho, sinikeza ividiyo ukuthi kufanele yini ukuthenga i-crossover yamasondo wonke noma kungcono ukwaneliseka ngedrayivu edonsa phambili:

Ngaphambili noma wonke amasondo e-crossover. Yikuphi okungcono, ubuhle nobubi. Cishe kube nzima

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini igama ledrayivu enamasondo amane? Ukuqoka uhlobo lokushayela ezimotweni zesimanje, izimpawu ziyasetshenziswa: FWD (ngaphambili), RWD (engemuva) kanye ne-AWD (egcwele). I-Four-wheel drive nayo ingabizwa nge-4x4.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-four-wheel drive? I-torque iya ku-gearbox. i-thrust isatshalaliswa eduze nezimbazo kusetshenziswa ikesi lokudlulisa. Amasondo angaphambili nangemuva ashayelwa ama-cardan shafts.

Iyini idrayivu yamasondo onke? Ukushayela ngamasondo amane kuyasiza emigwaqweni engazinzile njengodaka, iqhwa, iqhwa noma isihlabathi. Ngenxa yokuthi wonke amasondo angu-4 ahamba, kulula ukushayela umshini.