Ukuhlanza imibhobho yomjovo

Ngokwanda kwamazinga ezemvelo nezidingo zokusebenza kwenjini, uhlelo lokujova okuphoqelelwe lwasuka kancane kancane lusuka kumayunithi kadizili laya kuphethiloli. Imininingwane mayelana nokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezinhlelo kuchazwe ku- okunye ukubuyekeza... Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezinjalo umlomo wombhobho.

Cabanga ngemibuzo ejwayelekile maqondana nenqubo ejwayelekile kakhulu noma yimuphi umjovo ozowudinga kungekudala. Lokhu kuhlanza izijovo. Kungani lezi zinto zingcolisiwe uma kukhona isihlungi ohlelweni lukaphethiloli futhi singenaso ngisho esisodwa? Ngingazihlanza imibhobho ngokwami? Yiziphi izinto ezingasetshenziselwa lokhu?

Kungani udinga ukuhlanza imibhobho

I-injector ibandakanyeka ngqo ekunikezeleni uphethiloli ku-cylinder (uma kungumjovo oqondile) noma kwi-injection eningi (umjovo we-multipoint). Abenzi benza lezi zinto ukuze bafafaze uphethiloli kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kunokumane bathele emgodini. Ngenxa yokufafaza, kunokuxubana okungcono kukaphethiloli noma izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli nomoya. Lokhu-ke, kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto, kunciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi (uphethiloli usha ngokuphelele), futhi kwenza nokuthi iyunithi ingabi namandla kakhulu.

Lapho imijovo ivinjelwa, injini ayizinzile futhi ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo kwangaphambilini. Njengoba i-elektroniki esemabhodini kaningi ingaqophi le nkinga njengokungasebenzi kahle, ilambu lenjini kudeshibhodi alikhanyi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvaleka.

Umshayeli angaqonda ukuthi abajova bayekile ukusebenza kahle ngenxa yalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Injini iqala ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo ezinamandla;
2. Ukwehla kwamandla eyunithi yamandla kuyabonakala kancane kancane;
3. I-ICE iqala ukusebenzisa uphethiloli omningi;
4. Kwaba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuqala injini ebandayo.

Ngaphezu kokuthi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuthinta isikhwama semoto somshayeli, uma kungenziwa lutho, ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kohlelo lukaphethiloli, injini izoqala ukubhekana nengcindezi eyengeziwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kweyunithi. Futhi uma imoto ifakiwe okudala, uphethiloli ongashiswanga oqukethwe kuqeda kuzonciphisa kakhulu impilo yokusebenza kwengxenye.

Izindlela zokuhlanza izijova zemoto

Namuhla, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlanza umlomo wombhobho wenjini:

1. Usebenzisa amakhemikhali. Ukuhlanza umbhobho kuqukethe ama-reagents asabela futhi asuse okufakwa kumbhobho wombhobho. Kulokhu, kungasetshenziswa isithasiselo esikhethekile kuphethiloli (noma kudizili), esithululelwa ethangini. Imvamisa imikhiqizo enjalo ifaka i-solvent. Enye indlela yokuhlanza amakhemikhali ukuxhuma umjovo kulayini wokugudluza. Kulokhu, uhlelo olujwayelekile lukaphethiloli lunqanyuliwe enjinini, futhi umugqa wesitendi sokugungxula uxhunywe kuwo.
2. Nge-ultrasound. Uma indlela yangaphambilini ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukuphazanyiswa kuklamo wezimoto, kulokhu-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe imibhobho eseyunithi. Afakwe kusitendi sokuhlanza. Ukuze i-ultrasound ibe nomthelela omkhulu kumadiphozithi, idivayisi yesifutho ifakwa esitsheni esinesixazululo sokuhlanza. I-emitter yamagagasi e-ultrasonic nayo itholakala lapho. Le nqubo yenziwa uma ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kungenamthelela.

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela iyakwazi ukuzimela. Akunasidingo sokuwahlanganisa. Ochwepheshe basebenzisa ngempumelelo ngamunye wabo ngezinga elifanayo. Umehluko wabo kuphela izinga lokungcola kwabafafazayo kanye nokutholakala kwemishini ebizayo.

Izizathu zokuvimba

Abashayeli abaningi banombuzo: kungani isihlungi sikaphethiloli singahambelani nomsebenzi waso? Eqinisweni, isizathu asikho kukhwalithi yezinto zokuhlunga. Noma ngabe ufaka isihlungi esibiza kakhulu kulayini, kungekudala ama-injectors asazovimba, futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi akhishwe.

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli sigcina izinhlayiya zangaphandle ezinkulu kunama-microns ayi-10. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kombhobho kuncane kakhulu (idivaysi yalesi sici ifaka phakathi isihlungi), futhi lapho inhlayiya enobukhulu obungu-1 micron ingena kulayini, ingabambeka ku-sprayer. Ngakho-ke, umjovo ngokwawo usebenza njengesihlungi sephethiloli. Ngenxa kaphethiloli ohlanzekile, izinhlayiya ezingaphazamisa isibuko sesilinda azingeni enjinini.

Akunandaba ukuthi uphethiloli noma udizili usezingeni eliphezulu kangakanani, izinhlayiya ezinjalo ngokuqinisekile zizoba khona kuwo. Ukuhlanzwa kukaphethiloli esiteshini sokugcwalisa akuyona ikhwalithi ephezulu njengoba besingathanda ukuba njalo. Ukuvimbela imibhobho yokufafaza ingangeni kaningi, kungcono ukufaka uphethiloli emotweni eziteshini zikaphethiloli ezifakazelwe.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi imibhobho yakho idinga ukukhishwa?

Njengoba uphethiloli uhlala ushiya okuningi ongakufisa, ngaphezu kwe-particulate matter, ungaqukatha inani elikhulu lokungcola. Bangangezwa ethangini ngabathengisi bamafutha ukukhulisa inombolo ye-octane (ngalokho okuyikho, funda lapha). Ukwakheka kwabo kwehlukile, kepha iningi labo alincibiliki ngokuphelele kuphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho udlula kwisifutho esihle, lezi zinto zishiya idiphozi encane. Iyakha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi izovimbela i-valve ukuthi isebenze kahle.

Lapho lolu ungqimba luqala ukuphazamisa ukufuthwa okwanele, umnikazi wemoto angaqaphela okulandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuqala ukukhuphuka kancane kancane;
• Amandla weyunithi yamandla selehlile ngokukhanyako;
• Ingenzi lutho, injini iqala ukusebenza ingazinzi;
• Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, imoto iqala ukudikiza;
• Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, ama-pops angakha ohlelweni lokukhipha;
• Okuqukethwe kukaphethiloli ongashisiwe kuyanda emagesi okukhipha;
• Injini engashisi ngeke iqale kahle.

Amazinga wokungcola ama-injectors

Ngokuya ngekhwalithi kaphethiloli nokusebenza kahle kwesihlungi esihle, ama-injectors angcola ngamazinga ahlukile. Kukhona futhi amadigri amaningana wokuvaleka. Lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela ezodinga ukusetshenziswa.

Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokungcola:

1. Ukuminyana okungadluli ku-7%. Kulokhu, amadiphozithi azoba mancane. Umphumela oseceleni ukusetshenziswa okuncane ngokweqile kukaphethiloli (noma kunjalo, lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwemoto);
2. Ukuminyaniswa okungekho ngaphezu kwe-15%. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe, ukusebenza kwenjini kungahambisana nokuphuma kwepayipi lokukhipha isivinini kanye nejubane le-crankshaft elingalingani. Kulesi sigaba, imoto iba namandla amancane, inzwa yokugqogqoza ivame ukwenziwa;
3. Ukuminyana okungadluli ku-50%. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, imoto iqala ukusebenza kabi. Imvamisa kukhona ukuvalwa kwesilinda esisodwa (noma eziningana) ngokungasebenzi. Lapho umshayeli ecindezela ngokuzumayo i-accelerator pedal, ama-pops akhethekile azwakala ngaphansi kwe-hood.

Kukangaki udinga ukuhlanza imibhobho ye-injector

Yize imibhobho yesimanje esezingeni eliphakeme ikwazi ukusebenza imijikelezo eyisigidi, abakhiqizi bancoma ukuthi bahlanze izakhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zingahluleki ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima.

Uma umshayeli wemoto ekhetha uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu (ngangokunokwenzeka esifundeni esithile), khona-ke ukuqhuma kwenziwa okungenani kanye eminyakeni emihlanu noma ngemuva kokunqoba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5. Lapho ufaka uphethiloli ngophethiloli ongaphansi, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kaningi.

Lapho umnikazi wemoto eqala ukuqaphela izimpawu ezishiwo ekuqaleni, asikho isidingo sokulinda kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhlanzwa. Kungcono ukukhipha umjovo kusenesikhathi. Lapho uhlanza ama-injector, kubalulekile ukufaka esikhundleni isihlungi sephethiloli.

Ihlanzwa kanjani imijovo

Indlela elula ukuthulula isithasiselo esikhethekile ethangini legesi, okuthi, lapho udlula ku-injector, siphendule ngamadiphozi amancane bese ususa kwisifutho. Abashayeli abaningi baqhuba le nqubo njengendlela yokuvimbela. Isengezo sigcina i-injector ihlanzekile futhi sivimbela ukungcoliswa okusindayo. Izimali ezinjalo ngeke zibize.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu izindlela zokuvimbela kunokuhlanza okujulile. Kukhona futhi umphumela owodwa ohlangothini lokuhlanza izithasiselo. Basabela nganoma yikuphi ukufaka imali ohlelweni lwamafutha hhayi kuphela ukuhlanza ama-injectors. Ngesikhathi sokuphendula (kuya ngezinga lokungcola kukalayini kaphethiloli) ama-flocs angakha futhi avale isihlungi sikaphethiloli. Izinhlayiya ezincane zingavimba isifutho esihle se-valve.

Ukunciphisa lo mphumela, kusetshenziswa ukuhlanzwa okujulile. Indlela yokuhlanza esebenzisa injini izuze ukuthandwa okukhulu. Ukuze "ungafaki" ama-injector futhi ungashintshi ukwakheka kukaphethiloli ohlelweni lukaphethiloli, injini inqanyuliwe ngokuphelele kulayini ojwayelekile futhi ixhunywe kulayini wokuhlanza. Isitendi sinikezela nge-solvent emotweni.

Le nto inenombolo eyanele ye-octane engayifaka ku-cylinder, futhi inezindawo zokuhlanza. Imoto ayicindezelekile, ngakho-ke i-solvent ingase inganikeli amandla nokungamelana nokungqongqoza. Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu kunqubo enjalo izakhiwo zokuhlanza zento.

Le ndlela ingenziwa kunoma iyiphi insizakalo yemoto. Into esemqoka ukuthi inkosi iqonda kahle ukuthi unganqamula kanjani kahle bese uxhuma uphethiloli ojwayelekile. Isitendi uqobo asidingi amakhono akhethekile.

Izindlela Zokuhlanza Amafutha

Ngaphezu kokuhlanza i-injector ngaphandle kokukhipha ama-injectors, kukhona inqubo lapho kungasetshenziswa kuphela ikhemikhali, kepha futhi nenqubo yokulungisa. Kulokhu, umphathi kufanele akwazi ukususa kahle imijovo esitimeleni sikaphethiloli noma kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla, futhi abe nokuqonda ukuthi isitendi sisebenza kanjani.

Yonke imibhobho esusiwe ixhunywe esitendini esikhethekile futhi yehliselwa echibini elinoketshezi lokuhlanza. I-emitter yamagagasi e-ultrasonic nayo ifakiwe ethangini. Isixazululo siphendula ngokufakwa kwemali okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-ultrasound iyababhubhisa. Ukwenza inqubo iphumelele ngokwengeziwe, izifutho zinikezwa ugesi. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ama-valve ahanjiswa ngamabhayisikili ukulingisa ukufafaza. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-injector ayihlanjululwa kuphela ngamadiphozi angaphandle, kodwa futhi ihlanzwa ngaphakathi.

Ekupheleni kwenqubo, imibhobho iyagezwa. Yonke imali ekhishiwe isusiwe kudivayisi. Inkosi ibuye ihlole ukusebenza kahle kokufafaza ketshezi. Imvamisa, le nqubo yenziwa lapho imibhobho yesifutho ingcoliswe kakhulu. Njengoba inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi impela, kufanele yenziwe ngesandla sochwepheshe. Akufanele uhlanzele ukuhlanza ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezingabazekayo, noma ngabe unesitendi esifanelekile.

Ungaphinda uhlanze umjovo ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umshayeli wemoto udinga ukuklama enye indlela kaphethiloli. Kuzoqukatha:

• Isitimela sikaphethiloli;
• Ipompo kaphethiloli;
• Ukumelana nomthelela amashubhu;
• Ibhethri le-12-volt, lapho ipompo kaphethiloli kanye ne-injectors uqobo kuzoxhunywa khona;
• Iswishi yokushintsha okuzosebenza ngayo i-valve yomjovo;
• Umhlanzi.

Akunzima ukuhlanganisa uhlelo olunjalo, kepha kuphela uma umuntu ongazi ekwenza, esikhundleni sokulihlanza, uzomane amoshele imibhobho. Futhi, ezinye izinto kuzofanele zithengwe. Ukulungiselela ukuqhuma, ukuthenga i-inventory nesikhathi esichithwe - konke lokhu kungaba yisizathu sokukhetha isevisi yemoto, lapho umsebenzi ungenziwa khona ngokushesha futhi kushibhile.

Ukugeza umjovo: nguwe noma esiteshini sesevisi?

Ukuze usebenzise izithasiselo zokuhlanza ngenhloso yokuvimbela, umshayeli akadingi ukuya esiteshini sesevisi. Kulokhu, into esemqoka ukulandela imiyalo yomkhiqizi womkhiqizo. Izixazululo zithelwa ngqo ethangini likaphethiloli. Ukusebenza kokuwashwa okunjalo kuvela kuphela emibhobho engaphekiwe. Ezinjini ezindala, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhlanza okuthe xaxa ngolunye uhlelo lukaphethiloli. Uma wenza i-flushing engafanelekile, ungonakalisa izinto ze-gasket zenjini, ezizodinga nokuthi ulungise injini yangaphakathi yomlilo.

Endaweni yokusebenzela, kungenzeka ukubheka ukusebenza kokufafaza, futhi uqedele ukususwa kwe-plaque. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokulungisa izimoto izonikeza isiqinisekiso ngomsebenzi owenziwayo. Ngaphezu kokuhlanza imibhobho esiteshini senkonzo, ezinye izinhlelo zokujova zibuyisiwe, okuyinto enzima kakhulu, futhi esimweni samanye ama-motors, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka, ukwenza ekhaya. Izingcweti ezinesipiliyoni zisebenza ezinkampanini zezimoto ezidumile. Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokuhlanzwa ngomjovo oqeqeshiwe.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ukuhlanzwa kwe-injector ngesikhathi esifanele noma kokuvimbela, umshayeli wemoto akagcini nje ngokuvimbela ukulimala kuma-injectors abizayo, kodwa nakwezinye izingxenye zenjini.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ukuhlanzwa kwe-injektha ye-ultrasonic kusebenza kanjani:

Ukuhlanzwa Kwekhwalithi Ephakeme Kombhobho ku-Ultrasonic Stand!

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlanza imibhobho yakho? Kulokhu, kukhona ukugeza okukhethekile kwama-nozzles. I-Carburetor flushing fluid ingase isebenze (kulokhu, isitsha sizothi I-Carb & Choke).

Wazi kanjani ukuthi uwahlanza nini ama-nozzles akho? Ukukhukhula okuvimbelayo kuyamukeleka (cishe zonke izinkulungwane ezingama-45-50 km). Isidingo sokushiswa kuphakama lapho amandla emoto ehla noma lapho inyakaza ngegiya lesi-5.

Kufanele uwahlanze nini imibhobho yomjovo? Ngokuvamile, impilo yokusebenza ye-fuel injector ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-120. Ngokuguquguquka kokuvimbela (ngemuva kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50), lesi sikhawu singandiswa.