Ibhethri lemoto - konke odinga ukukwazi!

Ibhethri yemoto iyingxenye ebalulekile yomshini wayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani idingeka.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uhlobo lwebhethri olwaludume kakhulu kwakuyi-lead-acid. Intengo ephansi kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kuye kwaholela abashayeli abaningi ukuba bathenge imikhiqizo enjalo. Manje ibhethri yemoto iyithuluzi elihlukile, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuguquguqukayo kwabamukeli bamandla ezimotweni. Yini okufanele ukwazi ngalo mshini oyinhloko? Hlola!

Ibhethri lemoto - kungani lidingeka?

Izimoto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zidinga ukuthungela ukuze zisebenze. Idalwa ngokubamba iqhaza kukagesi oguqulwa ube yinhlansi noma ukushisa. Ezimotweni zikadizili, ama-spark plugs ayashiswa futhi uphethiloli ujovwa endaweni evuthayo. Ingxube ingase ivuthe ngenxa yokushisa nokucindezela okukhulu. Izimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli nazo zisebenzisa ibhethri ukulawula inani likaphethiloli lapho zivutha futhi zidale inhlansi. Ngaphandle kwayo, imoto ngeke iqale.

Ibhethri lemoto kadizili - ingabe uyayidinga ngaso sonke isikhathi?

Izimoto ezinezinjini zikadizili ezindala zingasebenza ngemva kokuthungela ngaphandle kwebhethri elixhunyiwe. Yiqiniso, akekho ozoyixhuma ukuze aqale injini. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusebenza kweyunithi yokushayela, ayidingeki, ngoba ukuthungela kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela nokushisa kakade ku-cylinder. Ngokwethiyori, ibhethri likadizili lidingeka kuphela ukuqala.

Izinhlobo zamabhethri afakwe ezimotweni

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ibhethri yemoto iye yashintsha kakhulu. Namuhla, cishe akekho onemodeli edinga ukugcwaliswa nge-electrolyte. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimoto ezikhona njengamanje? Sinikeza incazelo emfushane yawo wonke amaqembu amabhethri asetshenziswa ezimotweni. Zazi izinhlobo zazo ngoba kuzokwenza kube lula kuwe ukuthi ukhethe umkhiqizo ofanele imoto yakho.

I-SLA, noma ibhethri le-asidi eholayo

Basathandwa (ngisho nasezimotweni zesimanje). Ukukhiqiza kwabo kusetshenziselwa:

• i-anode yensimbi yokuhola;
• i-lead dioxide cathode;
• isisombululo esinamanzi se-sulfuric acid (37%) sihlanganiswe nezinto ezengeziwe.

Amabhethri e-SLA asetshenziswa kakhulu anamaseli angu-6 futhi asebenza ku-voltage yegama engu-12V.

Izici zamabhethri e-SLA

Yini eyenza lawa mamodeli ahluke kwamanye atholakala emakethe? Imikhiqizo ye-lead-asidi okwamanje ayikhathaleli ngokuphelele (yize eminye idinga ukugcwala nge-electrolyte), kuyilapho ishibhile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Abakwesabi ukukhishwa okujulile. Okwamanje kunganezelwa ngokushaja, okungaguquli ukuqina kwedivayisi. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ibhethri yalolu hlobo lwemoto ayithandi ukushaja okuphansi okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuba i-sulfate.

I-GEL - amagama ambalwa mayelana nebhethri yejeli

Eqinisweni, lokhu ukuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe be-lead-acid. Umehluko wukuthi i-electrolyte isesimweni sejeli, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yedivayisi. I-silicon dioxide yengezwa ku-sulfuric acid ukuze ijeli i-electrolyte. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi, ezimotweni ezinohlelo lwe-StartStop. Lokhu kudinga ukuphakelwa kukagesi okungazelelwe kwezindleko ezinkulu.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi amabhethri ejeli

Yini etholwe ngokungeza i-ejenti ye-gelling ku-electrolyte? Ngenxa yalokhu kanye nezindlu ezihlangene, ibhethri elinjalo lingafakwa ezindaweni ezahlukene emotweni nakwezinye izimoto. Yiziphi izinzuzo zabo? Ngaphezu kwakho konke:

• into evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-SUV;
• i-electrolyte ayivuzi, ngakho-ke izingxenye eziseduze azigqwali. 

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe be-GEL buyazwelana nezimo zokushaja. Uma usebenzisa amadivaysi angafaneleki, amavalvu okuphepha ngeke avuleke ngisho noma ibhethri lishajwe kabusha.

I-AGM - ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-GEL

Njengebhethri yejeli, uhlobo lwe-AGM luyingxenye yomndeni webhethri le-VRLA, i.e. ivaliwe. Futhi bane-electrolyte ngaphakathi, kodwa isimo sayo sokuhlanganisa sihlukile. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lusebenzisa i-glass fiber emunca i-sulfuric acid futhi iyibophe ngaphandle kokuvuza okungenzeka.

Izici zamabhethri e-AGM

Yini ekhethekile ngokusebenzisa umkhiqizo onjalo? Ibhethri le-AGM:

• ngokuvamile ishibhile kunomlingani wejeli;
• iphinde imelane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu futhi inesikhathi eside sokusebenza;
• ingaba yincane kunejeli ngenxa yokugcwala okuhle kwe-electrolyte ku-fiberglass. 

Khumbula ukuthi akumele uyivumele ukuthi ikhishwe ngokujulile uma ufuna ukugcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kocingo.

I-EFB/AFB/ECM – Izixazululo Ezisebenzayo Ze-Lead Acid

Izinhlobo ezichaziwe zimelana kakhulu nokukhishwa. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi banamandla acishe abe kabili amandla okukhethwa kwendabuko. Izinto zabo ziyizakhi ezenziwe ngomthofu, ithini ne-calcium alloys, kanye nezihlukanisi ze-polyester ne-polyethylene fibers.

Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zokushajwa Okunensa kwamabhethri

Njengoba igama libonisa, inzuzo yabo eyinhloko ukumelana nokukhishwa. Yingakho asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinenqwaba yezinto zikagesi ezigibele. Leli ibhethri lemoto elihle lemoto enohlelo lwe-StartStop. Ngeshwa, ayimelani kakhulu nokukhishwa okujulile, okunciphisa impilo yayo. Le nketho nayo ibiza kakhulu kunozakwabo bendabuko be-lead-acid.

Ukukhetha ibhethri - yimiphi imithetho okufanele icatshangelwe?

Ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zebhethri akuyona ukuphela kwenkinga lapho uthenga idivayisi entsha. Idizayini yayo ngokwayo ingenye yemingcele embalwa okufanele icatshangelwe. Yini enye ebalulekile ekukhetheni ibhethri elifanele lemoto?

Imingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• polarity;
• umthamo;
• ukuqala kwamanje (amandla);
• i-voltage;
• uhlobo lwesigxobo;
• ukulinganisa.

I-polarity yebhethri nokukhetha

Le parameter imakwe egameni lomkhiqizo ngophawu P+ noma L+. Kusho ukuthini? Ikutshela ukuthi yiziphi izigxobo (kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele) ezivumayo. Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukuqagela lapho uqala nje, ibhethri linomaka olwengeziwe ekesini elinezimpawu ezibonakalayo. I-Plus iphinde imakwe ngokubomvu, futhi isuse ngokumnyama. Ukukhetha i-polarity efanele yebhethri kubalulekile ngoba izimoto eziningi zinobude obulinganiselwe bezintambo zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, ibhethri ingafakwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela.

Ibhethri lemoto namandla ayo

I-Capacitance imane nje ikhono lokudonsa amanzi ngenani elithile lamanje isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, egameni lomkhiqizo, leli nani lihambisana nophawu Ah (amahora ampere). Izimoto ezingadingi umthamo omkhulu webhethri ngokuvamile zinamabhethri angu-60 Ah noma angu-72 Ah.

Umthamo webhethri, noma ngaphezulu kungcono?

Siyaqaphela zisuka nje ukuthi akunangqondo ukuthenga ibhethri lemoto elinamandla kakhulu ngemoto encane. Ngeke uthole lutho olukhethekile kulokhu, kodwa ungalahlekelwa kuphela. Kungani? Ukugodla kwamanje ebhethrini kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-alternator. Ubukhulu bayo nokusebenza kahle kwayo kuchazwe ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke lapho ishaja ibhethri elikhulu kakhulu, ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nakho. Ibhethri lizohlala lishajwa kancane, okuzofinyeza impilo yalo.

Ukushajwa kwebhethri - Inkomba yamanje ye-Inrush

Leli nani livezwa ngama-amps futhi libonisa amandla aphezulu angakhiqizwa ibhethri. Egameni lomkhiqizi webhethri elithile, lokhu kungaba yinani, isibonelo, 450 A noma 680 A. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha leli xabiso lemoto. Akufanele weqe izincomo zomkhiqizi. Umthetho wesithupha ukuthi izimoto zikadizili zidinga amandla ebhethri engeziwe ukuze ziqale.

I-voltage yebhethri elungile - kufanele ibe yini?

Izimoto eziningi emgwaqeni zinesistimu kagesi engu-12V. Ngakho-ke, ibhethri kufanele futhi lisekele le voltage yokusebenza. Ochwepheshe babika ukuthi ibhethri elinempilo kufanele libe nevelu ye-voltage ebangeni lika-12,4-12,8 V. Njengoba injini isebenza namalambu angaphambili namazamukelayo icishiwe, ingakhuphuka ibe ngaphezu kuka-13 V. Nokho, uma ingaphansi kuka-12,4 V, ingase khombisa ukuphuma nokuhluleka kwebhethri.

Iliphi ibhethri ongalithengela imoto?

Uma ibhethri lakho langaphambilini lisebenze ngokungenasici futhi lisanda kufa ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ungase ulingeke ukuthi ulishintshe ufake ibhethri elifanayo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi umnikazi wangaphambili uyikhethe ngendlela efanele? Isihluthulelo ukukhetha amabhethri enjini ethile nemoto.

Ungakhetha kanjani ibhethri esitolo naku-inthanethi?

Ukuze uthenge, ungaya esitolo esithembekile sezingxenye zezimoto. Umthengisi uzobheka ikhathalogi yomkhiqizi wemoto ukuze akhethe ibhethri elifanele lemodeli ethile yemoto. Ezitolo eziningi ze-inthanethi uzophinde uthole amakhathalogi asebenzisanayo akhethekile. Bakubonisa izinketho zebhethri ezifanele kakhulu zemoto oyikhethile.

Ibhethri lemoto - inani lomkhiqizo omuhle

Uma ufuna ibhethri elisha, kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uqaphele ukuthi akuyona idivayisi eshibhe kakhulu lena. Nokho, hlose ukuthola imikhiqizo emisha. Amakhophi asetshenzisiwe awaniki isiqiniseko sokuthi mingaki iminyaka (ngokunembe kakhulu, izinyanga) ezosebenza. Futhi khumbula ukuthi intengo yokugcina yento ithintwa ukuthi ubuyisela ibhethri lemoto elidala noma uthenga elisha ngaphandle kokubuyisela elidlule. Idiphozithi enjalo ingaba amashumi amaningana ama-zloty.

Ibhethri - inani, i.e. uzokhokha malini?

Njengephepha lodonga, ake sithathe ibhethri lemoto yedolobha elincane enenjini encane kaphethiloli. Lapha kwanele ukukhetha ibhethri enegama elithi 60 Ah no-540 A. Iyini inani layo? Cishe ama-euro angu-24 uma ukhetha uhlobo lwe-lead-acid evamile. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga umkhiqizo wemoto enkulu yedizili, izindleko zizoba ngaphezulu kwama-euro angama-40.

Amabhethri emoto ashibhile - kuyafaneleka?

Ngokuvamile kuba ilotho. Isimo semishini enjalo siyathinteka endleleni imoto esetshenziswa ngayo kanye nezidingo zayo zamandla. Abanye abasebenzisi bancoma izixazululo ezishibhile. Ungathola amabhethri anjalo ezitolo ezinkulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi lezi yizimpahla zaseShayina noma izinhlobo ezingaziwa ngokuphelele, kodwa sezisebenze iminyaka eminingi. Khumbula ukuthi intengo iyodwa ngeke ikunikeze isiqinisekiso sokuqina. Ibhethri elivela kumkhiqizi owethembekile lingase lingasebenzi kahle uma imoto ipakwe ngaphandle ebusika futhi ungayishayeli njalo. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukunakekela kahle ibhethri.

Njengoba ubona, ibhethri yemoto iyitimu yomfula. Ungakhetha ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamadivayisi anezinketho ezahlukene. Khumbula ukuthi i-hardware enkulu ngeke ihlale ingcono ngoba udinga nje ukuyifaka emotweni yakho. Futhi gwema amakhophi asetshenzisiwe njengoba ukuqina kwawo ngeke kugculise.