ABS, ASR kanye ne-ESP. Basebenza kanjani abasizi babashayeli be-elekthronikhi?

Yonke imoto yesimanje igcwele izinto zikagesi ezithuthukisa ukunethezeka kokushayela futhi zithuthukise ukuphepha. I-ABS, ASR ne-ESP amalebula abashayeli abaningi abake bezwe ngawo. Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi yini engemuva kwabo.

I-ABS iyi-anti-lock braking system. Izinzwa ezibekwe eduze kwazo zonke zithumela ulwazi mayelana nesivinini sokujikeleza kwamasondo ngamanye izikhathi ezingamashumi amaningana ngomzuzwana. Uma yehla kakhulu noma yehlela ku-zero, lokhu kuwuphawu lokuvala amasondo. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, i-ABS control unit yehlisa ingcindezi ekhona kwi-brake piston yalelo sondo. Kodwa kuphela kuze kube yilapho isondo lingaphenduka futhi. Ngokuphinda inqubo izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzwana, kungenzeka ukubhuleka ngokuphumelelayo ngenkathi ugcina ikhono lokuqondisa imoto, isibonelo, ukugwema ukungqubuzana nesithiyo. Imoto engenayo i-ABS ngemuva kokukhiya amasondo ishelela ngqo kumareyili. I-ABS iphinde ivimbele imoto enciphayo ukuthi ingasheleli ezindaweni ezinamanzi ahlukahlukene. Emotweni engeyona eye-ABS, isibonelo, enamasondo angakwesokudla eceleni komgwaqo oneqhwa, ukuyicindezela kakhulu ibhuleki kuyenza iqonde endaweni ebambelela kakhulu.

Umthelela we-ABS akufanele ufaniswe nokufinyeza ibanga lokuma. Umsebenzi walolu hlelo ukuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa kokuqondisa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo. Ezimweni ezithile - ngokwesibonelo, eqhweni elikhanyayo noma emgwaqweni owubhuqu - i-ABS ingandisa ngisho nebanga lokuma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni egandayiwe eqinile, esebenzisa ngokugcwele ukudonsa kwawo wonke amasondo, uyakwazi ukumisa imoto ngokushesha kunomshayeli onolwazi olunzulu.

Emotweni ene-ABS, ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo kunqunyelwe ukucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki phansi (ayicushiwe). Ama-elekthronikhi azonakekela ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwamandla okubhuleka. Ngeshwa, abashayeli abaningi bayakhohlwa ngalokhu - lokhu kuyiphutha elikhulu, ngoba ukukhawulela amandla asebenza ku-pedal kusiza ukwandisa ibanga lokubhuleka.

Ukuhlaziya kubonisa ukuthi ama-anti-lock brakes angehlisa izingozi ngo-35%. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi i-European Union yethula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimotweni ezintsha (ngo-2004), futhi ePoland yaba impoqo kusukela maphakathi no-2006.

W Kusukela ngo-2011-2014, ukulawulwa kokuqina kwe-elekthronikhi kwaba indinganiso kumamodeli asanda kwethulwa futhi kamuva kuzo zonke izimoto ezithengiswa eYurophu. I-ESP inquma indlela efiselekayo yomshayeli ngokusekelwe olwazini olumayelana nesivinini samasondo, ama-g-forces noma i-engeli yokuqondisa. Uma ichezuka kweyoqobo, i-ESP iyangena. Ngokubhuleka ngokukhetha amasondo akhethiwe kanye nokunciphisa amandla enjini, ibuyisela ukuzinza kwemoto. I-ESP iyakwazi ukunciphisa imiphumela yakho kokubili okungaphansi (okuphuma ekhoneni elingaphambili) kanye ne-oversteer (ebuyela emuva). Eyesibili yalezi zici inomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kwezokuphepha, njengoba abashayeli abaningi bedonsa kanzima.

I-ESP ayikwazi ukwephula imithetho ye-physics. Uma umshayeli engasivumelanisi nesivinini nemibandela noma ijika lejika, uhlelo lungase lungakwazi ukusiza ukulawula imoto. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuphinde kuthinteke izinga nesimo samathayi, noma isimo se-shock absorbers kanye ne-braking system components.

Amabhuleki nawo ayingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulawula ukudonsa, ebizwa nge-ASR noma i-TC. Iqhathanisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwamasondo. Uma kutholwa i-skid, i-ASR ibhuleka ukushelela, okuvame ukuhambisana nokuncipha kwamandla enjini. Umphumela uwukucindezela i-skid futhi udlulisele amandla amaningi okushayela esondweni ngokudonsa okungcono. Nokho, ukulawulwa kokudonsa akuwona umsizi womshayeli ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-ASR kuphela enganikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu eqhweni noma esihlabathini. Ngesistimu yokusebenza, ngeke futhi kwenzeke "ukuzamazama" imoto, okungenza kube lula ukuphuma ogibeni olushelelayo.