Yakha i-exoskeleton

Bheka ama-exoskeletons ayisikhombisa asiholela esikhathini esizayo.

HAL

I-Cyberdyne's HAL (ifushane nge-Hybrid Assistive Limb) yakhelwe ukuba ibe uhlelo oluphelele, ukubala ezimbalwa. Izakhi zerobhothi kufanele zihlanganyele ngokugcwele futhi zivumelanise nengqondo yomsebenzisi.

Umuntu ohamba nge-exoskeleton ngeke adinge ukuthi anikeze imiyalo noma asebenzise noma iyiphi iphaneli yokulawula.

I-HAL ijwayelana nezimpawu ezidluliselwa ubuchopho emzimbeni futhi iqala ukuhamba nayo ngokuzimela.

Isignali ithathwa yizinzwa ezitholakala emisipha emikhulu.

Inhliziyo ka-Hal, efakwe ebhokisini elincane emhlane wakhe, izosebenzisa amaphrosesa akhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze aqophe futhi adlulisele ulwazi olutholwe emzimbeni.

Isivinini sokudlulisa idatha sibaluleke kakhulu kulesi simo. Abakhiqizi baqinisekisa ukuthi ukubambezeleka ngeke kubonakale nhlobo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luzokwazi ukuthumela ama-impulses emuva ebuchosheni, okuholela enkolelweni engaziwa ngokuphelele yokuthi konke ukunyakaza kwethu kuzobonakala ngezinqubo zamathambo.

• Umkhiqizi wenze izinketho ezimbalwa ze-HAL:

  ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha - ngenxa yamabhande engeziwe kanye nezisekelo, isakhiwo singakwazi ukusekela ngokuzimela abantu abane-leg paresis;

• ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye - imodeli yenzelwe ukusekela ukusebenza komlenze, igxile ngokuyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza kwabantu asebekhulile noma abantu abahlukunyezwayo;
• ukuze isetshenziswe ngesitho esisodwa - i-HAL ehlangene, enesisindo esingu-1,5 kg kuphela, ayinakho ukubopha okumile, futhi inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesitho esikhethiwe; zombili imilenze nezingalo;
• ukukhulula isifunda se-lumbar - inketho eyenzelwe ukusekela imisipha etholakala lapho, okuzokuvumela ngokuyinhloko ukuthi ugobe futhi uphakamise izinsimbi. Kuzophinde kube nezinguqulo zemisebenzi ekhethekile.

  Amasethi alungiswe kahle angasetshenziswa emsebenzini osindayo, kanye nasezinsizeni zokuphepha noma eziphuthumayo, ukuze ilungu leqembu, ngokwesibonelo, liphakamise isiqeshana sodonga lwesakhiwo esibhidlikile.

  Kuyafaneleka ukungeza ukuthi enye yezinguqulo eziphambili kakhulu isibonelo Cyberdyne, imodeli ye-HAL-5 Type-B, ibe i-exoskeleton yokuqala ukuthola isitifiketi sokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele.

[I-JAPANESE IRON MAN] I-HAL irobhothi imvunulo evela ku-Cyberdyne

Phinda uhambe

I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) igunyaze uhlobo lokuqala oluzothengiswa e-US ngonyaka odlule. ama-exoskeletons kwabafe uhlangothi.

Ngenxa yedivayisi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ReWalk System, abantu abalahlekelwe ukusebenzisa imilenze yabo bazokwazi ukuma nokuhamba futhi.

I-ReWalk yaduma lapho uClaire Lomas ehamba nenguqulo yokuqala yomzila weLondon Marathon.

Njengengxenye yecala, owesilisa, uRobert Wu, usanda kukhubazeka kusukela okhalweni kwehle. egzoszkielet ReWalk futhi ngezinduku wayekwazi ukujoyina abadlulayo emigwaqweni yaseManhattan.

Umdwebi wamapulani u-Wu usevele wahlola izinguqulo zangaphambilini ze-ReWalk Personal futhi waphakamisa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ukuze kube lula nokunethezeka kokusetshenziswa.

Okwamanje nge exoticI-ReWalk isetshenziswa abantu abambalwa emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa umsebenzi wephrojekthi yokugcina usaqhubeka.

U-Wu utusa i-ReWalk Personal 6.0 hhayi kuphela ngokusebenza kwayo nokuba lula, kodwa futhi nangeqiniso lokuthi ungakwazi ukuma ngezinyawo ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-10. Ukusebenza ngokwako, okulawulwa isilawuli sesandla, nakho kulula kakhulu.

Inkampani yakwa-Israel i-Argo Medical Technologies, enesibopho sokudala i-ReWalk, ithole imvume yokuthengisa nokusabalalisa odokotela neziguli. Isithiyo, nokho, yintengo - i-ReWalk njengamanje ibiza izinkulungwane ezingama-65. amadola.

I-ReWalk - Hamba Futhi: I-Argo Exoskeleton Technology

FORTIS

I-FORTIS exoskeleton ingaphakamisa ngaphezu kwe-16 kg. Okwamanje ithuthukiswa ngu-Lockheed Martin. Ngo-2014, ukukhathazeka kwaqala ukuhlola inguqulo yakamuva emafektri aseMelika.

Abokuqala ababambe iqhaza kwakungabasebenzi bemboni yezindiza zokuthutha i-C-130 eMarietta, eGeorgia.

Ngenxa yesistimu yokuxhuma, i-FORTIS ikuvumela ukuthi udlulise isisindo kusuka ezandleni zakho kuya phansi. Umsebenzi oyisebenzisayo akakhathali njengakuqala futhi akadingi ikhefu kaningi njengakuqala.

indawo engaphandle ifakwe i-counterweight ekhethekile etholakala ngemuva komsebenzisi, okuvumela ukuthi ugcine ibhalansi uma uthwele umthwalo.

Lokhu kulandela ukuthi ayidingi amandla noma amabhethri, nakho okubalulekile. Ngonyaka odlule, u-Lockheed Martin wathola i-oda lokulethwa kwecala lokungenani amayunithi amabili. Iklayenti yiNational Manufacturing Science Center, ebambele uMbutho Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-US.

Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lwe-Commercial Technologies for Maintenance, ezikhungweni zokuhlola ze-US Navy, kanye ngqo nasezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kuzo ekugcineni - amachweba nezisekelo zempahla.

Inhloso yephrojekthi ukuhlola ukufaneleka indawo engaphandle ukuze isetshenziswe ochwepheshe beNavy yase-U.S. kanye nabasebenzi bokuthenga abasebenza ngemishini esindayo futhi evame ukuminyene nsuku zonke noma bachayeke ekucindezelekeni okweqile ngokomzimba ngenkathi behambisa izimpahla nemishini yezempi.

I-Lockheed Martin "Fortis" exoskeleton isebenza

Isilayishi

I-Activelink, inkampani eyakha i-Power Loader ephethwe yi-Panasonic, ibiza ngokuthi “irobhothi lamandla.”

Ufana nabantu abaningi ama-exoskeleton prototypes akhonjiswa emibukisweni yezohwebo nakwezinye izethulo zobuchwepheshe.

Kodwa-ke, ihluke kubo, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi maduzane kuzokwazi ukuyithenga ngokujwayelekile futhi ngesamba esingenakonakala.

I-Power Loader ithuthukisa amandla emisipha yomuntu ngama-actuator angama-22. Ama-impulses ashayela i-actuator adluliselwa lapho umsebenzisi esebenzisa amandla.

Izinzwa ezibekwe kuma-levers zenza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ukucindezela kuphela, kodwa futhi i-vector yamandla asetshenzisiwe, ngenxa yokuthi umshini "uyazi" lapho kufanele usebenze khona.

Inguqulo evumela ukuphakanyiswa kwamahhala kuka-50-60 kg okwamanje iyahlolwa. Izinhlelo zihlanganisa i-Power Loader enamandla okuphakamisa i-100 kg. Abaqambi bagcizelela ukuthi idivayisi ayigqoki kakhulu njengoba ilingana. Mhlawumbe yingakho bengaziqambi bona ngokwabo indawo engaphandle.

Irobhothi le-Exoskeleton elinamandla okukhulisa amandla Loader #DigInfo

Walker

Ngenxa yezimali ezivela ku-European Union, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi phakathi neminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi liye lakha umshini olawula ingqondo ovumela abantu abakhubazekile ukuba banyakaze.

Lo mshini, obizwa nge-MindWalker, ungomunye wezokuqala ezasetshenziswa isiguli u-Antonio Melillo, okwanqanyulwa umgogodla wakhe engozini yemoto, esibhedlela iSanta Lucia eRome.

Isisulu saphelelwa umuzwa emilenzeni. Umsebenzisi indawo engaphandle ufaka ikepisi elinama-electrode ayishumi nesithupha aqopha izimpawu zobuchopho.

Iphakheji ihlanganisa nezibuko ezinama-LED akhanyayo. Engilazini ngayinye, isethi yama-LED acwayiza ngamafrikhwensi ahlukene.

Izinga lokucwayiza lithinta umbono womsebenzisi wendawo. I-occipital cortex ihlaziya amasignali avelayo. Uma isiguli sigxile kusethi yesokunxele yama-LED, indawo engaphandle izokwenziwa inyakaze. Ukugxila ekubhaleni okulungile kunciphisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi.

I-exoskeleton inesisindo esingama-30 kg ngaphandle kwamabhethri, ngakho-ke ilula kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwedivayisi. I-MindWalker izosekela umuntu omdala onesisindo esingafika ku-100 kg. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwemishini kwaqala ngo-2013. I-MindWalker ihlelelwe ukuthi ithuthukiswe futhi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

KULOKHU

Lokhu kufanele kube ukwesekwa okuphelele kwesosha enkundleni yempi. Igama eligcwele yi-Human Universal Load Carrier, futhi isifinyezo esithi HULC sihlotshaniswa nendoda enamandla evela kumahlaya. Yethulwa okokuqala embukisweni we-DSEi eLondon ngo-2009.

Iqukethe amasilinda we-hydraulic kanye nekhompyutha evikelwe emithonyeni yemvelo futhi ayidingi ukupholisa okwengeziwe.

I-exoskeleton ivumela ephethe imishini engu-90 kg ngesivinini esingu-4 km/h. ngebanga elingafika ku-20 km, futhi ekugijimeni kufika ku-7 km/h.

I-prototype eyethulwe yayinesisindo esingama-24 kg. Ngo-2011, ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo kwahlolwa, futhi ngemva konyaka kwahlolwa e-Afghanistan.

Isici esiyinhloko somklamo yimilenze ye-titanium, esekela umsebenzi wemisipha namathambo, iphinda kabili amandla abo. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa izinzwa indawo engaphandle angakwazi ukunyakaza okufanayo nomuntu. Ukuze uphathe izinto, ungasebenzisa imojuli ye-LAD (Lift Assist Device), enamathiselwe ngemuva kohlaka, futhi kukhona izandiso ezineziphetho ezishintshwayo ngaphezu kwezingalo.

Le module ikuvumela ukuthi uphakamise izinto ezifika ku-70 kg. Ingasetshenziswa ngamasosha anobude obungu-1,63 kuya ku-1,88 m, kanti isisindo esingenalutho singama-37,2 kg namabhethri ayisithupha e-BB 2590, ahlala amahora angu-4,5-5 okusebenza (ngaphakathi kwe-radius ye-20 km) - nokho, njengoba kulindelekile. athathelwa indawo ama-protonex fuel cell anempilo yesevisi efinyelela emahoreni angama-72.

I-HULC itholakala ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukuhlasela (engeziwe 43 kg ballistic shield), logistic (70 kg payload) kanye eziyisisekelo (patrol).

I-Lockheed Martin HULC exoskeleton

TALOS

Esigabeni sokufakwa kwezempi, lesi isinyathelo esisuka ku-HULC.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, amasosha ase-US acele ososayensi abavela ezindaweni zokucwaninga, imboni yezokuvikela kanye nezinhlaka zikahulumeni ukuthi basebenze ngemishini yesosha lesikhathi esizayo eyayizomnika okungaphezu kwamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu anikezwe kakade asethuthukisiwe. ama-exoskeletons, kodwa futhi nekhono lokubona, ukubona nokwamukela ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.

Lo myalelo omusha wezempi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Izingubo Zomuntu Wensimbi". I-TALOS (I-Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit) isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu. Izinzwa ezakhelwe ku-suit zizoqapha imvelo kanye nesosha ngokwalo.

Uhlaka lwe-hydraulic kufanele lunikeze amandla, futhi uhlelo lokugada olufana ne-Google Glass kufanele lunikeze ukuxhumana nobuhlakani bekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Konke lokhu kumele kuhlanganiswe nesizukulwane esisha sezikhali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhali kufanele zinikeze isivikelo ezimweni eziyingozi, zivikele ngokumelene nezinhlamvu, kusukela ezibhamu zomshini (okungenani ezilula) - zonke zempi ezenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekile "ezinoketshezi", okumele ziqine ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba nomthelela. insimu kazibuthe noma ugesi wamanje ukuze unikeze ukuvikeleka okuphezulu kuma-projectiles.

Ibutho lezempi ngokwalo lithemba ukuthi umklamo onjalo uzovela ngenxa yocwaningo olwenziwa okwamanje e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), lapho kuye kwathuthukiswa khona isudi yendwangu ephenduka isuka ewuketshezi iye eqinile ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu kazibuthe.

I-prototype yokuqala, eyimodeli emele kahle ye-TALOS yesikhathi esizayo, yethulwa komunye wemicimbi yombukiso e-USA ngoMeyi 2014. I-prototype yangempela futhi ephelele kufanele yakhiwe ngo-2016-2018.