Izithonjana zedeshibhodi yemoto

Abashayeli bayaziswa ngokungasebenzi kahle kwamasistimu ezimoto ahlukahlukene kusetshenziswa izithonjana kudeshibhodi. Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukucacisa incazelo yezithombe ezinjengomlilo, ngoba akubona bonke abashayeli abajwayelene nezimoto. Futhi, ezimotweni ezihlukene, ukuchazwa kwesithombe esifanayo kungase kuhluke. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi akuzona zonke izinkomba ezikuphaneli ezibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle okubalulekile. Inkomba yama-bulb ngaphansi kwezithonjana ihlukaniswe ngombala ngamaqembu ama-3:

• Izithonjana ezibomvu zibonisa ingozi, futhi uma noma yiluphi uphawu luba bomvu, kufanele unake isignali yekhompyutha esebhodini ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokuxazulula inkinga ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi azibalulekile kangako, futhi kungenzeka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akufanele, ukuqhubeka nokushayela imoto ngesithonjana esinjalo kuphaneli.
• Izinkomba eziphuzi zixwayisa ngokungasebenzi kahle noma isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo ukuze ushayele noma ulungise imoto.
• Izibani zezinkomba eziluhlaza zazisa ngemisebenzi yesevisi yemoto kanye nomsebenzi wazo.

Nali uhlu lwemibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nencazelo yezithonjana nezinkomba kuphaneli yezinsimbi.

Kusetshenziswe amabheji amaningi ane-emblem-silhouette yemoto. Kuye ngezinto ezengeziwe, le nkomba ingaba nenani elihlukile.

Uma inkomba enjalo ivuliwe (imoto enokhiye), yazisa ngezinkinga enjinini (ngokuvamile ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa) noma ingxenye ye-electronic yokudlulisela. Ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile, uzodinga ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Imoto ebomvu enesikhiya yavutha umlilo, okusho ukuthi kube nezinkinga ekusebenzeni kwesistimu evamile yokulwa nobugebengu futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukuqala imoto, kodwa uma lesi sithonjana sikhanya lapho imoto ivaliwe, khona-ke konke kujwayelekile. - Imoto ikhiyiwe.

Inkomba yemoto yenhlaka enophawu lwesibabazo yazisa umshayeli wemoto eyingxube ngenkinga yokudluliswa kukagesi. Ukusetha kabusha iphutha ngokusetha kabusha itheminali yebhethri ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga; badinga ukuxilonga.

Wonke umuntu ujwayele ukubona isithonjana somnyango ovulekile lapho umnyango owodwa noma isivalo se-trunk sivuliwe, kodwa uma yonke iminyango ivaliwe futhi ukukhanya komnyango owodwa noma emine kusakhanya, ngokuvamile ukushintshwa kweminyango kuyinkinga. (oxhumana nabo abanezintambo).

Uphawu lomgwaqo oshelelayo lukhanya lapho isistimu yokulawula ukuzinza ithola umgwaqo oshelelayo futhi icushwe ukuvimbela ukushibilika ngokunciphisa amandla enjini nokubhuleka isondo elijikelezayo. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka esimweni esinjalo. Kodwa uma ukhiye, unxantathu noma isithonjana se-skate esinqanyuliwe sivela eduze kwenkomba enjalo, khona-ke uhlelo lokuzinza lunephutha.

Isithonjana sesikrini sivela ebhodini lomphumela uma sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa imoto yakho. Lesi inkomba yolwazi esethwa kabusha ngemva kokulungiswa.

Izithonjana eziyisixwayiso kuphaneli

Uphawu lwesiteringi lungakhanya ngemibala emibili. Uma isondo lokuqondisa eliphuzi livuliwe, khona-ke ukujwayela kuyadingeka, futhi uma kuvela isithombe esibomvu sesiteringi esinophawu lokubabaza, kufanele usuvele ukhathazeke ngokuhluleka kwesiteringi samandla noma uhlelo lwe-EUR. Uma isiteringi esibomvu sivuliwe, cishe kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukujika isiteringi.

Isithonjana se-immobilizer ngokuvamile siyakhanya lapho imoto ivaliwe; kulokhu, inkomba yemoto ebomvu enokhiye omhlophe ibonisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokulwa nobugebengu. Kodwa kunezizathu eziyinhloko ezingu-3 uma ukukhanya kwe-immo kukhanya njalo: i-immobilizer ayicushiwe, ilebula yokhiye ayifundiwe, noma uhlelo lokulwa nobugebengu lunephutha.

Uphawu lwebhuleki lokupaka alukhanyi kuphela uma i-lever yebhuleki yokupaka ivuliwe (iphakanyisiwe), kodwa nalapho ama-brake pads egqokwe noma i-brake fluid idinga ukufakwa phezulu / ukushintshwa. Emotweni enebhuleki le-electronic parking, isibani sebhuleki yokupaka singase sikhanyise ngenxa yeswishi yomkhawulo enephutha noma inzwa.

Isithonjana sesiqandisi sinezinketho ezimbalwa futhi, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ecushiwe, finyelela iziphetho mayelana nenkinga ngokufanele. Isibani esibomvu esinesikali se-thermometer sibonisa ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ohlelweni lokupholisa injini, kodwa ithangi lokunweba eliphuzi elinama-ripples libonisa izinga eliphansi lokupholisa uhlelo ohlelweni. Kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi isibani esipholile asihlali sishisa ezingeni eliphansi, mhlawumbe nje "ukwehluleka" kwenzwa noma ukuntanta ku-tank yokwandisa.

Isithonjana sewasha sibonisa ileveli yoketshezi ephansi endaweni yokugcina amanzi ewasha. Isibonakaliso esinjalo asikhanyisi kuphela lapho izinga lehlisiwe, kodwa futhi lapho inzwa yezinga ivaliwe (ukunamathela koxhumana nabo benzwa ngenxa yoketshezi olusezingeni eliphansi), ukunikeza isignali yamanga. Kwezinye izimoto, inzwa yeleveli iqaliswa lapho uketshezi lwewashi lomoya lungahlangabezani nokucaciswa.

Ibheji ye-ASR iyinkomba ye-Anti-Rotation Regulation. Iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi yalolu hlelo ihlanganiswe nezinzwa ze-ABS. Uma le nkomba ivuliwe njalo, kusho ukuthi i-ASR ayisebenzi. Ezimotweni ezihlukene, isithonjana esinjalo singase sibukeke sihlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile sisesimweni sophawu lwesibabazo kunxantathu olunomcibisholo osizungezile noma umbhalo ngokwawo, noma ngesimo semoto emgwaqeni oshelelayo.

Isithonjana sesiguquli se-catalytic sivame ukuvela lapho i-elementi ye-catalytic ishisa ngokweqile futhi ngokuvamile ihambisana nokwehla okubukhali kwamandla enjini. Ukushisa okunjalo angeke kwenzeke kuphela ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kwesici, kodwa futhi uma kunezinkinga ngesistimu yokushisa. Uma isiguquli se-catalytic sihluleka, sizongeza ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuningi kusibani sokukhanya.

Isithonjana segesi ephumayo, ngokusho kolwazi olukubhukwana, sibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokuhlanza igesi yokukhipha, kodwa, njengomthetho, ukukhanya okunjalo kuqala ukukhanya ngemuva kokufakwa kabusha kwekhwalithi embi noma iphutha kunzwa ye-lambda probe. Isistimu ithola ukungasebenzi kahle kwengxube, ngenxa yalokho okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi aphumayo kwanda, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya "kwe-exhaust gases" kudeshibhodi kuyakhanyisa. Inkinga ayibucayi, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Izinkomba zokungasebenzi kahle

Isithonjana sebhethri sikhanyisa uma i-voltage kunethiwekhi ye-on-board yehla, ngokuvamile le nkinga ihlotshaniswa nokushajwa okunganele kwebhethri ye-generator, ngakho-ke ingabizwa nangokuthi "isithonjana se-generator". Ezimotweni ezinenjini eyi-hybrid, le nkomba yengezwe ngombhalo othi "MAIN" ngezansi.

Uphawu lukawoyela, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-oiler ebomvu, lubonisa ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela enjinini yemoto. Lesi sithonjana sivela lapho injini iqalwa futhi ingacimi ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa noma ingase ivele ngenkathi ushayela. Leli qiniso libonisa izinkinga ohlelweni lokuthambisa noma ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela noma ingcindezi. Isithonjana sikawoyela ephaneli singaba nethonsi noma sibe namagagasi phansi, kwezinye izimoto inkomba yengezwe ngombhalo othi min, inzwa, izinga likawoyela (imibhalo ephuzi) noma kalula nje izinhlamvu L kanye no-H (ezinezimpawu eziphansi neziphezulu. amazinga kawoyela).

Isithonjana se-airbag singagqanyiswa ngezindlela eziningana: njengombhalo obomvu SRS kanye ne-AIRBAG, kanye "nendoda ebomvu enebhande lesihlalo" kanye nombuthano phambi kwakhe. Uma enye yalezi zimpawu ze-airbag ikhanyisa kudeshibhodi, ikhompuyutha esebhodini ikwazisa ngokungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokuphepha olungenzi lutho futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ama-airbag ngeke asebenze. Ngezizathu zokuthi kungani uphawu lomcamelo lukhanya nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inkinga, funda isihloko esikusayithi.

Isithonjana sephoyinti lesibabazo singase sibukeke sihlukile, futhi ngokufanelekile incazelo yaso nayo izohluka. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, lapho ukukhanya okubomvu (!) kukhanya kumbuthano, lokhu kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu ye-brake futhi kuhle ukuthi ungaqhubeki nokushayela kuze kube yilapho imbangela yokuvela kwayo isicaciswa. Angase ahluke kakhulu: ibhuleki lesandla liyaphakanyiswa, amabhuleki amabhuleki agugile, noma izinga le-brake fluid lehlile. Izinga eliphansi limane liyingozi, ngoba isizathu singase singabi kuphela kumaphedi agqoke kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, lapho ucindezela i-pedal, uketshezi luyahlukana phakathi kwesistimu, futhi ukuntanta kunikeza isignali yezinga eliphansi, ngoba ipayipi lamabhuleki lingase lonakale ndawana thize, futhi lokhu kubi kakhulu. Nakuba ngokuvamile kakhulu

Olunye uphawu lwesibabazo lungakhanya ngendlela yophawu "ukunaka", kokubili kungemuva elibomvu kanye nengemuva eliphuzi. Uma uphawu oluphuzi "lokunaka" lukhanya, lubika ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokuzinza kwe-elekthronikhi, futhi uma lungemuva elibomvu, luvele luxwayise umshayeli ngokuthile, futhi, njengomthetho, iphaneli yensimbi ibonisa noma ihlanganiswe omunye umbhalo ochazayo ukhanya ebhodini lamaphuzu.

Uphawu lwe-ABS lungaba nezinketho eziningi zokubonisa kudeshibhodi, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu, kuzo zonke izimoto kusho into efanayo: ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwe-ABS nokuthi i-anti-lock brake system okwamanje ayisebenzi. Ungathola mayelana nezizathu zokuthi kungani i-ABS ingasebenzi esihlokweni sethu. Kulokhu, ukunyakaza kungenziwa, kodwa akudingekile ukuthi i-ABS isebenze, amabhuleki azosebenza njengokujwayelekile.

Isithonjana se-ESP singakhanya ngezikhathi ezithile noma sihlale sivuliwe. Isibani esinombhalo onjalo sibonisa izinkinga ngohlelo lokuzinzisa. Inkomba ye-Electronic Stability Programme, njengomthetho, ikhanyisa esinye sezizathu ezimbili: inzwa ye-angle yokuqondisa ayisebenzi, noma inzwa yokuthungela ukukhanya kwebhuleki (eyaziwa nangokuthi “ixoxo”) eyalelwe ukuthi iphile kudala. Nakuba kunenkinga enkulu kakhulu, isibonelo, inzwa yokucindezela ohlelweni lwamabhuleki ivalekile.

Isithonjana senjini, abanye abashayeli abangase babhekisele kuso "njengesithonjana somjovo" noma umaki wokuhlola, singaba phuzi uma injini isebenza. Yazisa mayelana nokuba khona kwamaphutha ekusebenzeni kwenjini kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinhlelo zayo ze-elekthronikhi. Ukuze unqume imbangela yokubonakala kwayo esikrinini sedeshibhodi, ukuzihlola ngokwakho noma ukuhlolwa kwekhompyutha kuyenziwa.

Isithonjana sepulaki elikhanyayo singase sivele kudeshibhodi yemoto kadizili, incazelo yalesi sikhombisi ifana ncamashi nesithonjana somaka ezimotweni zikaphethiloli. Uma kungekho amaphutha enkumbulweni yeyunithi ye-elekthronikhi, isithonjana esivunguzayo kufanele siphume ngemuva kokuthi injini ifudumale futhi kucinywe amakhandlela.

Lokhu okuqukethwe kunolwazi kubanikazi bezimoto abaningi. Futhi nakuba zonke izithonjana ezingaba khona zazo zonke izimoto ezikhona zingavezwa lapha, ungakwazi ukuthola izimpawu eziyinhloko zedeshibhodi yemoto ngokwakho futhi ungakhalisi i-alamu lapho ubona ukuthi isithonjana esisephaneli siyakhanyisa futhi.

Okubhalwe ngezansi cishe wonke amageji angaba khona kuphaneli yezinsimbi kanye nencazelo yawo.

1. Amalambu enkungu (ngaphambili).

2. Isiteringi samandla esinephutha.

3. Amalambu enkungu (ngemuva).

4. Izinga le-washer eliphansi.

5. Ukugqokwa kwama-brake pads.

6. Isithonjana sokulawula i-Cruise.

7. Vula ama-alamu.

10. Inkomba yomlayezo wolwazi.

11. Inkomba yokusebenza kwepulaki elikhanyayo.

13. Inkomba yokuthola ukhiye wokusondele.

15. Ibhethri elingukhiye lidinga ukushintshwa.

16. Ukufinyezwa kwebanga okuyingozi.

17. Cindezela i-clutch pedal.

18. Cindezela i-pedal yebhuleki.

19. Ilokhi yekholomu yokuqondisa.

21. Umfutho wesondo ophansi.

22. Inkomba yokufakwa kokukhanya kwangaphandle.

23. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezibani zangaphandle.

24. I-brake light ayisebenzi.

25. Isexwayiso sesihlungi se-diesel particulate.

26. Isexwayiso sokushaywa kwe-trailer.

27. Isixwayiso sokumiswa komoya.

30. Ukungalifakile ibhande.

31. Ibhuleki lokupaka livuliwe.

32. Ukuhluleka kwebhethri.

33. Uhlelo lokusiza ukupaka.

34. Ukunakekela kuyadingeka.

35. Izibani zangaphambili eziguqukayo.

36. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalambu angaphambili anyakaziswayo.

37. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwespoiler sangemuva.

38. Ukungasebenzi kahle kophahla endaweni eshintshwayo.

39. Iphutha le-Airbag.

40. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwebhuleki lokupaka.

41. Amanzi esihlungini samafutha.

42. I-Airbag ivaliwe.

45. Isihlungi somoya esingcolile.

46. ​​Imodi yokonga amafutha.

47. Uhlelo lokusiza ngokwehla.

48. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

49. Uhlelo olunephutha lokubhuleka i-anti-lock.

50. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesihlungi sikaphethiloli.

53. Izinga likaphethiloli eliphansi.

54. Ukungasebenzi kahle komshini ozishintshayo.

55. Umkhawulo wejubane ozenzakalelayo.

58. Iwindshield eshisayo.

60. Uhlelo lokuzinzisa luvaliwe.

63. Iwindi langemuva elishisayo.

64. Iwasha ye-windshield ezenzakalelayo.