Layisha imfoloko ukuhlola ibhethri

Ibhethri yemoto iyisici esibalulekile semishini kagesi yemoto. Ukwazi isimo saso sangempela kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwebhethri okufihliwe kungabangela ibhethri lakho ukuthi lihluleke ngesikhathi esingafanele. Enye yamathuluzi ongahlonza ngawo ibhethri ipulaki yokushaja.

Iyini imfoloko yomthwalo, ngeyani?

Ukuhlola ibhethri yemoto ngokungenzi lutho ngeke kunikeze isithombe esiphelele sesimo sebhethri, ibhethri kufanele linikeze isikhathi esanele samanje, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamaphutha, ukuhlolwa okungenamthwalo kuzosebenza kahle. Uma abathengi bexhunyiwe, i-voltage yebhethri elinjalo izokwehla ibe ngaphansi kwevelu elivunyelwe.

Ukumodela kokulayisha akulula. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nenani elanele lama-resistors wokumelana okudingekile noma izibani ze-incandescent.

Ukushaja ibhethri ngesibani semoto.

Ukulingisa "ezimweni zokulwa" nakho akusizi futhi kungasebenzi. Isibonelo, ukuze uvule isiqalisi futhi ulinganise i-current ngesikhathi esifanayo, uzodinga umsizi, futhi okwamanje kungase kube kukhulu kakhulu. Futhi uma udinga ukuthatha izilinganiso eziningi kule modi, kunengozi yokushajwa kwebhethri okungenani. Kuphinde kube nenkinga yokusetha i-ammeter ukuze iphule isifunda samandla, futhi izinsimbi zamanje ze-DC azivamile futhi zibiza kakhulu kunezivamile.

I-Multimeter ene-DC clamps.

Ngakho-ke, idivayisi elula yokuxilongwa okuphelele kwamabhethri ipulaki yokushaja. Lolu cingo luwumthwalo olinganisiwe (noma eziningana), i-voltmeter namatheminali okuxhuma kumatheminali ebhethri.

Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwemfoloko yempahla.

Ngokuvamile, isokhethi iqukethe i-resistors eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokulayisha i-R1-R3, engaxhunywa ngokuhambisana nebhethri elihloliwe kusetshenziswa inkinobho efanele S1-S3. Uma kungekho ukhiye ovaliwe, i-voltage yesekhethi evulekile yebhethri iyalinganiswa. Amandla achithwa ama-resistors ngesikhathi sokulinganisa makhulu impela, ngakho-ke enziwa ngendlela yama-wire spirals ane-resistivity ephezulu. Ipulaki ingaba ne-resistor eyodwa noma ezimbili noma ezintathu, kumazinga ahlukene kagesi:

• 12 volts (amabhethri amaningi okuqalisa);
• 24 volts (kumabhethri okudonsa);
• 2 volts wokuhlola isici.

Ku-voltage ngayinye, izinga elihlukile lokushaja lamanje liyadalwa. Kungase futhi kube namapulaki anamazinga ahlukene wamanje we-voltage ngayinye (isibonelo, idivayisi ye-HB-01 ingasetha ama-ampere angu-100 noma angu-200 ku-voltage engu-12 volts).

Kunenganekwane yokuthi ukuhlola ngepulaki kufana nemodi yesekethe emfushane ekhubaza ibhethri. Eqinisweni, ukushaja kwamanje nalolu hlobo lokuxilongwa kuvame ukuhluka kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-200 amperes, futhi lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala - kufika ku-600 kuya ku-800 amperes, ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlolwa, azikho ezinye izindlela ezihambayo. ngale kwebhethri.

Esinye isiphetho sepulaki (negative) ezimweni eziningi i-alligator clip, enye - i-positive - ukuxhumana nokucindezela. Ukuze kuhlolwe, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi othintana naye obonisiwe unamathele ngokuqinile kutheminali yebhethri ukuze ugweme ukumelana nokuxhumana okuphezulu. Kukhona namapulaki, lapho kumodi yokulinganisa ngayinye (XX noma ngaphansi komthwalo) kukhona othintana naye obambayo.

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa

Idivayisi ngayinye inemiyalo yayo yokusetshenziswa. Kuncike ekuklanyweni kwedivayisi. Lo mbhalo kufanele ufundwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ipulaki. Kodwa kukhona futhi amaphuzu avamile ayisici kuzo zonke izimo.

Ukulungiswa kwebhethri

Kunconywa ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuqala izilinganiso. Uma lokhu kunzima, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokugcina amandla libe okungenani ngu-50%; ngakho izilinganiso zizonemba kakhudlwana. Ukushaja okunjalo (noma ngaphezulu) kutholakala kalula phakathi nokushayela okuvamile ngaphandle kokuxhuma abathengi abanamandla. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele umelane nebhethri amahora amaningana ngaphandle kokushaja ngokudonsa ucingo ku-terminal eyodwa noma kokubili (kunconywa amahora angu-24, kodwa kuncane okungenzeka). Ungahlola ibhethri ngaphandle kokulikhipha emotweni.

Ukuhlola ibhethri ngaphandle kokuqaqa emotweni.

Ihlola ngepulaki yokulayisha ene-voltmeter yesikhombisi

Isilinganiso sokuqala sithathwa ngokungenzi lutho. Itheminali enegethivu yepulaki yengwenya ixhunywe kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri. Itheminali ephozithivu icindezelwa ngokuqinile kutheminali ephozithivu yebhethri. I-voltmeter ifunda futhi igcine (noma irekhoda) inani le-voltage ethule. Khona-ke othintana naye oqondile uyavulwa (ukhishwe kutheminali). Ikhoyili yokushaja ivuliwe (uma kukhona amaningana, okudingekayo kuyakhethwa). Oxhumene naye uyaphinda acindezelwe ngokuqinile kutheminali evumayo (izinhlansi ezingenzeka!). Ngemuva kwemizuzwana emi-5, i-voltage yesibili iyafundwa futhi igcinwe. Izilinganiso ezinde azinconywa ukuze ugweme ukushisa okweqile kwe-resistor yomthwalo.

Sebenza ngezimfoloko zokulayisha ezishanele.

Ithebula lezinkomba

Isimo sebhethri sinqunywa ithebula. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulinganisa ukungenzi lutho, izinga lokukhokhiswa liyanqunywa. I-voltage engaphansi komthwalo kufanele ihambisane naleli zinga. Uma iphansi, ibhethri libi.

Njengesibonelo, ungakwazi ukuqaqa izilinganiso namatafula ebhethri nge-voltage engu-12 volts. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amatafula amabili: ukulinganisa kokungenzi lutho kanye nezilinganiso ngaphansi komthwalo, nakuba zingahlanganiswa zibe linye.

Amandla, V	I-12.6 nokungaphezulu	12,3-12,6	12.1-12.3	11.8-12.1	11,8 noma ngaphansi
Izinga lokushaja,%	ikhulu	75	amashumi amahlanu	25	0

Leli thebula lihlola ileveli yebhethri. Ake sithi i-voltmeter ibonise ama-volts angu-12,4 engenzi lutho. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinga lokushaja elingu-75% (eligqanyiswe ngokuphuzi).

Imiphumela yesilinganiso sesibili kufanele itholakale etafuleni lesibili. Ake sithi voltmeter ngaphansi komthwalo wabonisa 9,8 volts. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinga elifanayo lokushaja elingu-75%, futhi kungaphethwa ngokuthi ibhethri lihle. Uma isilinganiso sinikeze inani eliphansi, isibonelo, ama-volts angu-8,7, lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhethri alisebenzi futhi aliwubambi u-voltage ngaphansi komthwalo.

Amandla, V	I-10.2 nokungaphezulu	9,6 - 10,2	9,0-9,6	8,4-9,0	7,8 noma ngaphansi
Izinga lokushaja,%	ikhulu	75	amashumi amahlanu	25	0

Okulandelayo, udinga ukukala i-voltage yesifunda evulekile futhi. Uma ingabuyeli enanini layo langempela, lokhu kuphinda kubonise izinkinga ngebhethri.

Uma ibhange ngalinye lebhethri lingashajwa, iseli ehlulekile ingabalwa. Kodwa kumabhethri emoto yanamuhla yomklamo ongahlukaniseki, lokhu akwanele, okuzonikeza. Kufanele futhi kuqondwe ukuthi ukwehla kwe-voltage ngaphansi komthwalo kuncike kumthamo webhethri. Uma amanani okulinganisa "esemaphethelweni", leli phuzu kufanele futhi licatshangelwe.

Umehluko ekusebenziseni ipulaki yedijithali

Kukhona amasokhethi afakwe i-microcontroller kanye nenkomba yedijithali (abizwa ngokuthi amasokhethi "digital"). Ingxenye yayo yamandla ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo neyedivayisi evamile. I-voltage elinganisiwe iboniswa kunkomba (efana ne-multimeter). Kodwa imisebenzi microcontroller ngokuvamile ancishisiwe hhayi kuphela inkomba ngesimo izinombolo. Eqinisweni, ipulaki enjalo ikuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwamatafula - ukuqhathaniswa kwama-voltages ekuphumuleni nangaphansi komthwalo kwenziwa futhi kusetshenzwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulinganisa, isilawuli sizobonisa umphumela wokuxilonga esikrinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imisebenzi yesevisi yabelwe ingxenye yedijithali: ukugcina ukufundwa kumemori, njll. Ipulaki enjalo kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa izindleko zayo ziphakeme.

Ipulaki yokushaja "yedijithali".

Izincomo zokukhetha

Lapho ukhetha i-outlet yokuhlola ibhethri, okokuqala, naka i-voltage yokusebenza ngendlela efanele. Uma kufanele usebenze kusuka kubhethri ene-voltage engu-24 volts, idivayisi enebanga le-0..15 volts ngeke isebenze, uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ububanzi be-voltmeter akwanele.

Ukusebenza kwamanje kufanele kukhethwe kuye ngomthamo wamabhethri ahloliwe:

• kumabhethri anamandla aphansi, le parameter ingakhethwa ngaphakathi kwe-12A;
• kumabhethri emoto anomthamo ongafika ku-105 Ah, kufanele usebenzise ipulaki elinganiselwe okwamanje kuze kufike ku-100 A;
• amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukuxilonga amabhethri anamandla okudonsa (105+ Ah) avumela i-current engu-200 A ku-voltage engu-24 volts (mhlawumbe 12).

Kufanele futhi unake ukwakheka koxhumana nabo - kufanele kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka ukuhlola izinhlobo ezithile zamabhethri.

Ungalibuyisela kanjani ibhethri lemoto elidala

Ngenxa yalokho, ungakhetha phakathi kwezinkomba ze-voltage "zedijithali" nezivamile (isikhombi). Ukufunda ukufundwa kwedijithali kulula, kodwa ungakhohliswa ukunemba okuphezulu kwezibonisi ezinjalo; kunoma yikuphi, ukunemba akukwazi ukudlula ukuhlanganisa noma ukususa idijithi eyodwa ukusuka kwidijithi yokugcina (eqinisweni, iphutha lokulinganisa lihlala liphakeme). Futhi i-dynamics nesiqondiso sokushintsha kwamandla kagesi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokulinganisa, afundeka kangcono kusetshenziswa izinkomba zokudayela. Futhi zishibhile.

Isihloli sebhethri esenziwe ekhaya esisuselwe ku-multimeter.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ipulaki ingenziwa ngokuzimela - lokhu akuyona idivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngeke kube nzima ku-master of average qualification ukubala futhi enze idivayisi "yakhe" (mhlawumbe, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yesevisi eyenziwa yi-microcontroller, lokhu kuzodinga izinga eliphezulu noma usizo lochwepheshe).