Ukushaja imoto kagesi | Ibhethri elihle

. amabhethri okudonsa ezihlomisa izimoto zikagesi zibonakala ngesenzo esibuyisela emuva: zingathola futhi zibuyisele amandla. Lesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo sibangelwa ukuguqulwa kokuguquguquka kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhethri: ngesikhathi sokuphuma, ama-Li + ion athuthela ngokwemvelo ku-electrode eqondile, okubangela ukuthi ama-electron ajikeleze esuka ku-electrode engalungile aye ku-electrode ephozithivu futhi ngaleyo ndlela anikeze amandla kumjikelezo kagesi ( bona isihloko ” Ibhethri yokudonsa "). Ngokuphambene, lapho ibhethri ishajwa, ama-electron ageleza esuka ku-electrode ephozithivu aye kwenegethivu, ngaleyo ndlela ahlehlise lapho eya khona i-ion futhi avumele ibhethri ukuthi libuyise amandla.

В настоящее время ukushaja imoto kagesi ayikwazi ukulawulwa umsebenzisi: izidingo zamanje zincike kuphela ohlotsheni lokushaja olusetshenzisiwe futhi zilungiselelwe ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemoto.

Izindlela ezehlukene zokushaja imoto kagesi  

Amazinga wamandla 

Umsebenzisi imoto kagesi Ungakhetha eyodwa yezinhlobo ezintathu zokukhokhisa kuye ngokuthi ukuzimela ukuthi ufuna ukululama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 

Ukushaja "okunensayo": ebonakala ngomsinga ongaphansi kuka-16 A, ohlinzeka ngamandla okushaja uma kuqhathaniswa (ubukhulu obungu-3,7 kW). Bese kuthatha amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-9 ukushaja ngokugcwele. Ukushaja okuthambile kuhlala kuhlonishwa kakhulu kumabhethri, okunikela ekuphileni kwakho isikhathi eside, kanye nokuba indlela engabizi kakhulu yokushaja i-EV yakho cishe akukho ukubhalisa okukhethekile okudingekayo. 

"Fast" inkokhiso: yamanje esetshenzisiwe ifinyelela ku-32A, okuvumela ukuthi ukhulise amandla kagesi (ubukhulu obungu-22kW) futhi ushaje imoto kuze kufike ku-80% cishe ihora elingu-1 nemizuzu engu-30. 

Ukushaja "okusheshayo": ikuvumela ukuthi ushaje u-80% ngemizuzu engu-30 ngamandla angaphezu kuka-22 kW (ubukhulu obungu-50 kW).

Ukushaja okusheshayo futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, ukushaja kwe-boost akuklanyelwe ukushaja ngokugcwele imoto kagesi kunalokho yandise ukuzimela. Abakhiqizi babika kuphela izikhathi zokushaja ezingu-"80%", hhayi "100%" izikhathi zokushaja. Ngempela, ngemva komkhawulo ongu-80%, inkokhiso iba kancane, isikhathi sokushaja siye ku-100% empeleni siyisikhathi esiphindwe kabili sokushaja siye ku-80%. Kamuva sizobuyela esimweni esichaza lokhu kucacisa. 

Izindlela zokushaja izimoto zikagesi kanye nezitolo ezifanele

Indlela ukushaja imoto kagesi kubangela ukugeleza kwemisinga emikhulu, izinyathelo ezithile kufanele zithathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemoto. Enye yazo ibizwa ngokuthi imodi yokushaja futhi ichaza indlela imoto nengqalasizinda yokushaja ezihlangana ngayo:  

• Imodi 1: Ihambisana nokunikeza imoto amandla ngamandla e-AC aphuma endaweni yasendlini. Ayikho iyunithi yokulawula ukushaja engaholela ezinkingeni zikagesi ngaphandle kokuvimbela noma ukuqeda ubungozi. 
• Imodi 2: ihluke kwimodi yokuqala ngokuba khona kweyunithi yokulawula kukhebula lamandla, okunikeza inkhulumomphendvulwano nemoto ekhokhiswayo. Ixhunywe kusokhethi eliluhlaza, leli bhokisi liyindlela ephephe kakhulu yokushaja imoto yakho, empeleni, ibhokisi liyakwazi ukuphendula kunoma yikuphi okudidayo ngokumisa inkokhiso. Futhi imodi yokonga kakhulu futhi ayidingi ukufakwa kwebhokisi lodonga elibiza kakhulu kuneliluhlaza, ngokungafani nemodi yesi-3.
• Imodi yesi-3: Ihambisana namandla e-AC emotweni ngokusebenzisa isokhethi ekhethekile esezingeni (ibhokisi lodonga, isiteshi sokushaja). Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa amandla okushaja, kuvikeleke ukufakwa futhi, ngenxa yengxoxo phakathi kwepulaki nemoto, ukuphatha umthwalo ngobuhlakani. Amamodi 2 no-3 avikela ibhethri futhi ashaje ngendlela efanayo, kodwa yakamuva ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele kusengaphambili ukushajwa kwayo ukuze iqale ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi namahora angasebenzi kakhulu ukuze unciphise izindleko zokushaja.
• Imodi 4: Imoto ihlinzekwa nge-DC current (izinga lamandla aphezulu) ngesiteshi sokushaja. Le modi eyokushaja okusheshayo kuphela. 

Iphrofayela yokushaja imoto kagesi 

Ngemva kwencazelo eningiliziwe yamathuluzi ahlukahlukene atholakalayo kubasebenzisi izimoto zikagesi Ukushajwa kabusha, sizohlaziya imithwalo ehlukahlukene ibhethri engaphansi kwayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho umuntu angase akucabange, inqubo yokugcwalisa ibhethri incike esimweni sayo sokushaja: njengokugcwalisa ingilazi yamanzi, ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukusheshisa ekuqaleni ukuze wonge isikhathi. Isikhathi, kodwa ngasekupheleni kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungagcwalisi ngokweqile.

Ngakho, kuphrofayela khokhisa imoto kagesi : 

• 1ubudala isigaba: Siqala ngokusebenzisa i-direct current, amandla ayo ancike ohlotsheni lwenkokhelo ekhethiwe (ehamba kancane / esheshayo / esheshayo). Ibhethri liyashaja, i-voltage yalo iyanda futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ifinyelela umkhawulo kagesi obekwe umenzi ukuze ayivikele (bona Isihloko ” I-BMS: isoftware yebhethri yemoto kagesi "). Kusukela ku-80%, ukushaja akukwazi ukuqhubeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kwengozi yokulimaza ngokweqile kwebhethri.

• 2Eme isigaba: Ukuze singeqi lo mkhawulo, sizosetha i-voltage yebhethri futhi siqedele ukushaja ngokwamanje kancane kancane. Lesi sigaba sesibili side kakhulu kunesokuqala futhi sincike ezintweni eziningi ezifana nokuguga kwebhethri, izinga lokushisa elizungezile kanye nesigaba 1 samanje.

Ngakho-ke kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani abakhiqizi be-boost/abasheshayo beshaja babika kuphela izikhathi zokushaja ezingeni elingu-80%: lokhu kuhambisana nesikhathi sokushaja sesigaba sokuqala, esisheshayo futhi esivumela ukuzimela okwengeziwe ukuthi kubuyiselwe.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kokushaja nokuguga kwebhethri lemoto kagesi

ngamunye ibhethri lokudonsa okubonakala ngokwamanje okwaziwa ngokuthi "ukumuncwa kwemvelo", okuhambisana nomkhawulo wamanje lapho ibhethri lishisisa khona. Ngesikhathi se-boost noma ukushaja okusheshayo, ukuqina okuhilelekile kudlula ngokusobala lo mkhawulo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukushisa okubalulekile. Njengoba sichazile esihlokweni esithi " Ukuguga kwamabhethri okudonsa ”, Amazinga okushisa aphezulu afaka isandla ekuboleni kwezakhi zamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela asheshise ukuguga kwebhethri futhi wehlise ukusebenza kwawo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze wonge imoto yakho, kufanele ubeke phambili imithwalo ehamba kancane futhi usebenzise izintambo eziqinisekisiwe ezigcina imoto yakho iphephile. Kukhona abadlali emakethe like Securecharge ebucayi emibuzweni ukuvikelwa kwezimoto zikagesi uma ishajwa. lokhu kungukuthi Inkampani yaseFrance egxile ekushajeni izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi nezihlanganisiwe ihlinzeka ngezintambo namashaja aphathwayo agunyazwe amalabhorethri asemthethweni futhi aklanyelwe ukulondoloza ukufakwa kwakho nemoto yakho.. 

Ukushaja imoto kagesi: elinye icala... 

La ukushaja imoto kagesi kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi esacwaningwa kahle kakhulu ososayensi, futhi amandla ayo obuchwepheshe azoba yinto ebalulekile emhlabeni wakusasa. Singacabanga, isibonelo, "imoto eya kunethiwekhi" (noma "imoto eya kunethiwekhi"), umqondo otholakala kakhulu e-Japan ovumela ukusetshenziswa. amabhethri okudonsa obhekele ukuhlinzeka ngogesi wedolobha. Lesi sixazululo sivumela ukuphathwa okungcono kokuguquguquka okungalindelekile emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo: ugesi ungagcinwa lapho ukhiqizwa ngokweqile, noma ubuyiselwe lapho isidingo siphezulu kakhulu. 

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Imithombo: 

Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola nokumodela amaseli ebhethri nokuhlanganisa kwawo: ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi neziyingxube. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01157751/document

Amasu okuphatha amandla kagesi kusistimu yemithombo eminingi: isisombululo esingaqondakali esilungiselelwe izimoto zikagesi eziyingxube. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2015/1/2013TOU3005.pdf

Ifayela: ukushaja kabusha izimoto zikagesi. https://www.automobile-propre.com/dossiers/recharge-voitures-electriques/

I-V2G: https://www.energuide.be/fr/questions-reponses/quest-ce-que-le-vehicle-to-grid-ou-v2g/2143/

Amagama angukhiye: ibhethri lokudonsa, ukushaja imoto kagesi, ibhethri lemoto kagesi, ulayini wemoto kagesi, ukuguga kwebhethri.