Ukushintsha ikhebula legesi i-VAZ 2112

I-Throttle valve - esikhundleni sekhebula lokushayela

Faka esikhundleni ikhebula le-throttle uma libhajwe esiqwini noma lilimele

Qala umsebenzi kuphela ngemva kokuba injini isipholile yafinyelela ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile (elingekho ngaphezu kuka-45°C).

1. Silungiselela imoto umsebenzi (bheka "Ukulungiselela imoto ukunakekelwa nokukhanda").

2. Ezinjinini 2112, 21124 kanye 21114, khipha ikhava yenjini (bheka Ikhava Yenjini - Ukususwa Nokufakwa).

3. Khipha ipayipi lokuhambisa umoya ku-throttle (bona "I-Throttle - Transmission Adjustment").

Ipayipi lizongena endleleni, ikakhulukazi uma kufakwa ikhebula elisha.

4. Sebenzisa i-screwdriver ye-flathead ukuze uhlole isiphethu esibambayo bese usisusa ku-quadrant.

5. Ezinjinini 2112, 2111 kanye no-21114, khipha isiphetho sepulasitiki sentambo (3), khulula inadi (2) bese ukhipha intambo kubakaki.

Enjinini engu-21124, khipha ipuleti le-cable boot retainer bese ukhipha ibhuthi yekhebula kusekelo lwerabha (Bona i-Throttle - Transmission Adjustment). Sisusa ikhebula kanye nokwesekwa kwerabha kubakaki ukuze silungise i-cable sheath.

7. Ukuguqula umkhakha ngokuphambene newashi kuze kube yilapho ima, susa ichopho lekhebula kusokhethi yomkhakha.

8. Enjini ye-valve engu-8, selula ikhebula ngomkhono ngokusebenzisa i-clamp yepulasitiki noma ukusika i-clamp ngama-wire cutters (ngesikhathi sokufakwa, i-clamp entsha iyadingeka).

Enjinini engu-16-valve, umsebenzi umi kanje:

9. Ngaphansi kwephaneli yensimbi, ukuhlola nge-screwdriver, nqamula ichopho lekhebula le-accelerator “kwi-gas” pedal lever.

10. Donsa isiphetho sekhebula lendawo yabagibeli ngembobo yengxenye enkulu yegumbi lenjini bese ukhipha ikhebula kanye nesisekelo serabha.

Faka ikhebula le-throttle ngokulandelana.

Ngemuva kokufaka ikhebula, silungisa i-actuator ye-throttle bese sifaka ipayipi lokuhambisa umoya.

Ukushintsha ikhebula le-throttle ku-VAZ 2110, i-VAZ 2111, i-VAZ 2112

Ikhebula legesi - liphinde libe ikhebula lokusheshisa, ngendlela, linesibopho sokuvula lesi sithathisi esinamandla kakhulu futhi sivale, ngenxa yale ntambo, ungakwazi ukulungisa isivinini ngemoto, okungukuthi, bacindezela i-accelerator, ikhebula leluliwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-damper yavuleka nge-engeli enkulu, ngakho-ke isivinini sanda futhi imoto yahamba (noma ima lapho i-clutch pedal icindezelekile noma igiya lingathathi hlangothi), kodwa le ntambo iyaguga ngakho-ke kuba yingozi kakhulu ukushayela imoto, ngoba lapho igugile, ingxenye yensimbi iqala ukuhlakazeka (ukusonteka ukuze ukhulume) futhi mayelana nalokhu, izingcezu zekhebula ziqala ukuthinta uhlangothi lwesikebhe futhi ikhebula alifuni. buyela futhi imoto iqala ukusheshisa nakakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucindezela i-accelerator pedal (njengoba ikhebula labe selibambekile futhi libuyela emuva, i-damper ayisuswa, ngakho-ke noma ususa unyawo lwakho ku-pedal, imoto isazoqhubeka nokuya phambili. , isimo esinjalo futhi siyingozi).

Qaphela!

Ukuze ubuyisele le khebula futhi uyilungise (futhi nakanjani uzodinga ukuyilungisa), uzodinga: Amapulangwe ahlukahlukene (amancane, amakhulu) nama-screwdrivers!

Itholakala kuphi ikhebula le-throttle?

Ngokuya ngenjini, indawo yayo ingahluka, nakuba ingahluka kakhulu, ngokuyisisekelo ezimotweni ezingama-valve angu-8 ikhebula liphezulu futhi ngemva kokuvula ihood uzoyibona ngokushesha (Esithombeni esingakwesokunxele kuboniswa umcibisholo obomvu. ), ezimotweni ezinama-valve angu-16 zomndeni we-10, itholakala phezulu ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ukuze nje usondele, uzodinga ukususa isikrini senjini (Ukuze ufunde ukususa isikrini, funda isihloko esithi: "Ukushintsha isikrini senjini ku-valve yangaphambili engu-16"), ukuyisusa, uzobona ngokushesha ukuze kucace, kuboniswa umcibisholo esithombeni ngakwesokudla.

Qaphela!

Kodwa kunezinye izimoto ezazifakwe i-throttle electronic evela efektri, umndeni we-10 we-Togliatti umhlangano awuzange uthinteke, futhi lezo zimoto ezidluliselwe e-Ukraine (Okwamanje, uhlobo lwazo lushintshile, futhi lubizwa ngokuthi i-Bogdan) ngemva kwalokho. I-2011 ifakwe le pedal , siyakuxwayisa ngokushesha ukuthi ayikho ikhebula kuzo, kodwa usahlola, ukuze uthole ukucaca, esithombeni esingezansi, umcibisholo ubonisa le pedal efanayo ye-elekthronikhi futhi kuyacaca ukuthi ikhebula legesi alinawo. phuma kulokhu!

Kufanele ishintshwe nini ikhebula le-throttle?

Kufanele uhlole isimo saso ngezikhathi ezithile, uma uqala ukubona ukuthi ingxenye yakho yensimbi isiqalile ukuguga, awudingi ukulinda kuze kubanjwe ikhebula futhi ngokujwayelekile, kulokhu, sincoma ukuthi uvakashele ngokushesha indawo yokuthengisa izimoto. futhi uthenge ikhebula le-throttle entsha bese uyishintsha ngokubeka endaweni endala, ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhebula kufanele lishintshwe uma, lapho lilungiswa, akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukuvulwa okugcwele nokuvala i-absorber shock.

Indlela yokubuyisela ikhebula legesi ku-VAZ 2110-VAZ 2112?

Qaphela!

Faka esikhundleni ikhebula enjinini ebandayo, futhi ngokuvamile udinga ukugibela enjinini kuphela lapho kubanda, ukuze ungashi ngesikhathi sanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokushintsha nokulungisa izingxenye!

Bengifuna ukukuxwayisa ngenye into, lesi sihloko sibonisa isibonelo sokushintsha ikhebula ezinjinini ezimbili, okungukuthi, kumjovo we-valve 8 kanye nomjovo we-valve 16, kodwa lesi sihloko asisho lutho mayelana nenjini ye-carburetor. , ngakho-ke uma unemoto enenjini ye-carburetor futhi udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sekhebula le-throttle, khona-ke kulokhu, funda isihloko esithi: "Ukushintsha ikhebula le-throttle ezimotweni ezinomndeni we-9 carburetor"!

Umhlalaphansi:

I-1) Okokuqala, sincoma ukukhipha ithubhu lomoya, ngoba lizophazamisa ukukhishwa nokufakwa kwekhebula elisha, lingasuswa kalula, ukwenza lokhu, khulula izikulufu eziqinisa ama-clamps nhlangothi zombili, bese ususa. i-hose (indawo yezikulufi iboniswa ngemicibisholo), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nqamula amagesi e-hose crankcase ye-ventilation, ixhunywe kule payipi engxenyeni emaphakathi, usebenzisa i-clamp efanayo ozodinga ukuyikhulula nge-screwdriver. .

2) Bese, nge-screwdriver efanayo, vula isiphethu esibamba umkhakha futhi ngaleyo ndlela uwususe, bese uphendulela umkhakha ngokuphambene newashi ngesandla bese ukhipha intambo yegesi ku-slot e-inlet, ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza usuvele unqamula Ikhebula elivela kumhlangano we-throttle, bese kuba yizinto ezincane kuphela, futhi ngendlela, ezinjini ezahlukene (ku-valve engu-8 naku-16) lokhu kusebenza ngowokuqala (okuchazwe kulesi sigaba 2) futhi kwenziwa ngokufanayo ngokuphelele.

3) Manje (lokhu kusebenza kuphela emishinini yama-valve eyi-16) sebenzisa iphini lekhala lenaliti noma into efanayo ukuze ususe ipuleti elibambayo ikhebula elidlula kulo futhi uma selikhishiwe, susa ingxenye ephakathi yekhebula kanye nerabha yobakaki. faka i-multifold intake njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni sesibili.

4) Kodwa kukhebula le-valve engu-8 engxenyeni emaphakathi, ixhunywe ngokuhlukile kancane futhi ukuyicisha, kuzodingeka uqale ukuhambisa isembozo senjoloba eceleni bese ukhulula inati enombolweni yesi-2, ususe ingxenye emaphakathi. wekhebula elisuka kubakaki bese (lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izinjini) ungadonsa ikhebula kanye nomkhono ngokusebenzisa i-clamp yepulasitiki, uyisuse, noma ungasika lesi sici esifanayo ngamapulangwe ambalwa futhi ungaqhubeka ngaphandle kwama-hemorrhoids. , bese-ke uzodinga ukungena emotweni futhi unqamule ichopho lekhebula le-pedal pedal, lokhu kwenziwa kalula kakhulu nge-screwdriver futhi ekugcineni, kuzodingeka ukhiphe ikhebula endaweni yenjini yemoto futhi ngaleyo ndlela uyisuse ngokuphelele emotweni.

Ukushintshwa kwe-Gas Cable VAZ 2112 16 Valves

Ngiyacela! Ikhebula likaphethiloli - liphinde libe ikhebula lokusheshisa, linesibopho sokuvula lesi sithathisi esinamandla kakhulu futhi sivale, ngenxa yale ntambo, ungalungisa isivinini ngemoto, okungukuthi, ucindezele i-accelerator pedal, ikhebula leluliwe, futhi kulokhu, i-absorber eyethusayo nayo ivuleke nge-angle enkulu, ijubane landa futhi imoto yaqala ukushayela (noma ima ekhaya uma i-clutch pedal icindezelekile, ngamanye amazwi, uma igiya lisendaweni efile), kodwa-ke, le khebula liyaguga, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuba okungaphephile kakhulu ukushayela imoto, ngoba ngokuguga, ingxenye yayo yensimbi iqala ukuhlakazeka (isontekile kakhulu) ngakho-ke izingcezu zekhebula ziqala ukuthinta igobolondo futhi ikhebula liyakwenza. ingabuyi futhi imoto iqala ukusheshisa kakhulu).

Qaphela! Ukuze ushintshe le khebula ukuze ilingane (futhi cishe kuzodingeka ukuthi ilingane), uzodinga: Iphinifa elihlukile (elincane, elikhulu) kanye nezikulufi!

Itholakala kuphi ikhebula le-throttle? Njengoba injini ishintsha indawo yayo, nakuba ingabalulekile, ngokuvamile, ezimotweni ezinama-valve angu-8, ikhebula liphezulu futhi ngemva kokuvula i-hood uyihlola ngokushesha (Esithombeni esingakwesokunxele kuboniswa umcibisholo obomvu) , ezimotweni ezinama-valve angu-16 zomndeni we-10, ifana ncamashi etholakala phezulu, kodwa ukuze usondele kuyo, udinga ukususa isikrini senjini (Ukuthola ukuthi ungasisusa kanjani isikrini, funda umbhalo we isihloko: "Ukushintsha isikrini senjini ku-valve endala engu-16", ukuyisusa, kufanele ngokushesha ubone, ukuze kucace, ngakwesokudla esithombeni kuboniswa umcibisholo.

Iyini ikhebula le-throttle

Ngaphansi kwekhebula le-throttle, abanikazi bezimoto baqonda ikhebula le-throttle, elidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemoto. I-throttle valve iyingxenye yesakhiwo ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine irekhodi (nge-software) yokunikezwa kukaphethiloli enjinini kaphethiloli. Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukulawula inani lomoya ohlinzekwa enjinini ukuze kuhlanganiswe umoya nophethiloli. Le valve itholakala phakathi kwesihlungi somoya kanye ne-multifold intake. Uma i-valve ye-throttle ivuleka, ukucindezela ohlelweni lokuthatha kuqhathaniswa nokucindezela komkhathi. Esimeni esivaliwe, ukucindezela kuyehla ku-vacuum.

Ikhebula elikhethekile lisetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala i-throttle. Yilapho okugqokwa khona okuyinhloko kwe-shock absorber iwela khona.

I-automatic transmission cable noma indlela yokulungisa ikhebula ku-gearbox ozishintshayo

Ake siqale. Nasi isibonelo sendlela ikhebula lokudlulisela elizenzakalelayo ngokuvamile lixhunywe ku-throttle valve, esimweni sethu injini yomjovo.

Manje mayelana nengcindezi ephikisana ne "accelerator". I-centrifugal governor pressure ilingana nesivinini semoto. Iyakhula njengoba ijubane likhuphuka futhi izama "ukuphusha" ama-valve epuleti lokulawula, asekelwa iziphethu ezinokuqina okuhlukile (zinesibopho sokushintsha igiya). Uma ingcindezi yombusi we-centrifugal iba nkulu kunamandla okuvula isiphethu senye yamavalvu epuleti yokulungisa (khohlwa ukuthi ukucindezela kwe-throttle regulator kusebenza nentwasahlobo futhi ezama ukusabalalisa isiphethu), khona-ke i-valve iyakhula. futhi ivula ukudlula kwengcindezi ye-dextron kuma-clutches, ngakho-ke ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kushintshela ekudluliseni okulandelayo.

Lapho ikhebula le-throttle lidinga ukushintshwa

Ungasithola kanjani isikhathi sekhebula le-throttle

I-VAZ-2110 ibiza ukujika? Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuba banake amaphuzu alandelayo lapho usebenza nale ngxenye yemoto:

• ayikho indlela yokulungisa i-actuator ye-throttle;
• uma ucindezela i-accelerator pedal, i-shock absorber ayikwazi ukuvula nokuvala ngokugcwele;
• ingxenye yensimbi yekhebula yaqala "ukunyakaziswa" (lokhu kufanele kubonakale lapho uhlola izingxenye zangaphakathi zemoto);
• lapho i-throttle isebenza, ikhebula le-throttle lihlala linamathele.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zinkinga ngenkathi usebenzisa imoto yakho, kufanele uthenge ngokushesha ikhebula elisha le-throttle bese uyishintsha.

Enye inketho yokuhlanza i-gas pedal Vaz 2110

Okokuqala, sisusa ingxenye yepulasitiki ye-pedal futhi siqondise isiphetho esiphansi se-lever yayo, ukuphela okuphansi kwe-lever yehla kuya ezingeni lomkhawulo ophansi we-pedal endaweni yayo eyinhloko.

Isondela phansi ngo-3 cm. Sithatha ucezu lwepulasitiki, sinqume i-protrusion ngezansi futhi senze i-groove entsha ye-lever, sihlanganise i-pedal futhi sijabulele umphumela - i-pedal ayihlali ngempela ngaphansi konyawo, ngoba unyawo lungabanjwa nge-engeli engu-50 degrees ukuya phansi.

Ukushintsha ikhebula le-throttle

Le nqubo yenziwa kuphela ngenjini ebandayo. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokusha ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwezintambo.

Ukuze ushintshe kahle le khebula ku-VAZ-2110, kufanele unamathele esichasiselweni esilandelayo sesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Lungiselela amathuluzi adingekayo:
2. ama-screwdrivers anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene;
3. izidladla zinkulu futhi zincane.
4. Susa ikhebula le-throttle:
5. i-tube yomoya isusiwe (lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze le ngxenye ingaphazamisi izenzo ezilandelayo ngekhebula), izikrini ku-clamps zikhululekile;
6. ipayipi le-crankcase ventilation linqanyuliwe nge-screwdriver;
7. isiphethu sokukhiya esibambe umkhakha siyasuswa;
8. ingxenye eyinhloko isuswa ngesandla emseleni ngokuguqula umkhakha ngokuphambene newashi;
9. ikhebula linqanyuliwe emzimbeni we-throttle.
10. Ukukhipha ikhebula kubakaki:
11. ezimotweni ezinama-valve angu-16 - ipuleti yokukhiya isuswa ngamapulangwe amancane (sibonga, ikhebula lilungiswa), futhi ingxenye ephakathi yekhebula, kanye nebakaki layo, ikhishwa kubakaki ku-manifold yokungenisa;
12. ngezimoto ezingu-8-valve - i-nati ikhululiwe, i-rubber bushing isusiwe, ingxenye ephakathi yekhebula ikhishwa kubakaki;
13. intambo uqobo lwayo
    
    idonswa ngekhola yepulasitiki, enqunywe kusengaphambili.
14. Ukukhipha ikhebuli yangaphakathi:
15. Usebenzisa i-screwdriver, nqamula isiphetho sekhebula le-accelerator pedal.
16. Ukuyikhipha endaweni yenjini (ivele ikhishwe endaweni yabagibeli).
17. Ifaka ingxenye entsha:
18. ikhebula lidlula ekamelweni lenjini;
19. unqenqema olulodwa luphumela ekhabetheni, luxhunywe ku-pedal ye-accelerator;
20. umphetho wesibili unamathele emzimbeni we-throttle.

Ngemuva kokwenza inqubo yokushintsha ikhebula le-throttle

idinga ukulungiswa:

1. Ekufakweni kwepayipi lokungenisa kanye nomzimba we-throttle, lapho kuhlangana khona ipayipi elikhulu le-crankcase ventilation hose kanye nokufakwa okusesembozweni sekhanda, izinsimbi ziyakhululwa.
2. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-valve ye-throttle
   
   (uzodinga usizo lozakwenu kulokhu):
3. nge-gas pedal ecindezelekile ngokugcwele, ivuleke ngokugcwele;
4. lapho i-accelerator pedal ikhululwa ngokugcwele, ivalwe ngokugcwele.

Kungani ngidinga ukulungiswa kwekhebula le-clutch?

Ukulungisa ikhebula le-clutch kuyinqubo edingekayo futhi ebalulekile ekunakekeleni imoto. Kwenziwa uma kunezinkinga nge-pedal - i-stroke yayo ingaphezulu noma ingaphansi kunesidingo. Esimweni sokuqala, i-clutch ayikhishwa ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, i-flywheel ihlala ixhumene ne-disc eqhutshwayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inomthelela ekugqokeni kwama-friction linings.

Esimweni sesibili, ukufakwa kwediski yesigqila kwenzeka kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla emoto ayancipha ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-torque yenjini ngenkathi ishayela. Kulesi simo, ukufakwa kwe-disc kungenzeka ngokushesha futhi ngokukhululwa okushelelayo kwe-pedal, okuholela ekungqongqozeni okuzwakalayo ekudluliseni nasekuxubeni komshini.

Uma ikhebuli inesici, i-pedal ingase ibhajwe. Kungase kubonakale kunzima kakhulu ukumcindezela, ubonakala enqaba. Kodwa-ke, uma ucindezela kakhulu i-pedal, izowela phansi ngoba ikhebula lizophuka. Kulokhu, kufanele kushintshwe.

Ukushelela kwe-clutch okuphindaphindiwe kuwuphawu lokuthi ikhebula libi. "I-Slippage" - lapho igiya lishintshela kwenye indawo. Isibonelo, imoto iqala ukugoqa ngokungathathi hlangothi, njengoba i-clutch ihlanganyela ngokuzenzakalelayo.

"Ukushelela" kuvame ukwenzeka lapho injini igcwele kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokwanda kwejubane noma ukukhuphuka.

Uma kwenzeka ukuhluleka kwekhebula, inkomba eyinhloko izoba ukuvuza. Ukuvuza kungenzeka uma inqanyulwa noma iphukile. Esimweni sokuqala, udinga nje ukufaka kabusha. Lapho imoto inyakaza, ikhebula ayenzi imisebenzi yalo ngendlela efanele.

Amathuluzi wokushintsha

1. Faka "8".
2. Izikhiye ezimbili zika-"14".
3. I-Screwdriver (Phillips).

Ukulandelana komsebenzi

Ukuze uqhathanise, izintambo ze-clutch ezindala nezintsha

Bahamba ngale ndlela:

Hambisa indlu yesihlungi somoya eceleni.

Indlu yokuhlunga umoya izosiphazamisa, ngakho-ke sizoyibeka eceleni. Futhi kithi, wonke ama-latches ebhokisini aphukile futhi alenga ngaphansi kwe-hood

Ukukhipha ikhebula kusekelo

Ubakaki wekhebula le-clutch ku-cabin: udinga ukudlala ngayo

Okubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokufaka ikhebula ngokwayo, kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-clutch pedal ukuze ibe kude no-10-13 amasentimitha ukusuka ezingeni eliphansi. Sesibhale ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nendlela yokushintsha i-clutch ku-VAZ-2112.

Ukulungiswa kwe-Clutch ku-VAZ-2112

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-clutch

Ukuze ulungise, uzodinga ukuvula ibhawudo, etholakala kukhebula eceleni kwebhokisi legiya. Lapho ibanga lokuhamba lilungiswa, qinisa i-nati futhi ucindezele i-pedal izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Uma konke kuhlelekile, i-locknut yezindlu iyaqiniswa. Khona-ke imoto ihlanganiswa ngokulandelana okuphambene.

Intambo ye-clutch kumele iqale igcotshwe nge-LSTs-15 noma i-Litol-24.

Ukushintshwa kwe-Throttle cable:

Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-screwdriver ukuze uhambise ichopho lekhebula legumbi labagibeli ukuze liphume ngaphansi komunwe we-pedal lever, bese uyisusa.

Ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwe-hood, eduze kwe-throttle, imboni yokudlulisa, lapho ikhebula lifakwe khona. Zungezisa ngokugcwele lo mkhakha futhi ukhulule ikhebula kudrayivu.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukususa isivalo sokuzivikela ekupheleni kwentambo (1). Ngenkathi ubambe i-cable sheath nut (3) ukuze ingajiki, khulula inati (2). Okulandelayo, khipha ikhebula esikhaleni esikubakaki.

Sidonsa ikhebula sibheke ekhomishini yenjini, izophuma emgodini ongena endlini.

Lokhu kuqeda ukudilizwa. Ukuze ufake ikhebuli entsha, landela izinyathelo ezifanayo ngokuhlehla.

Ngemuva kokufaka ikhebula elisha le-throttle, kufanele lilungiswe. Ake sidlule ku-oda lokubulawa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Ukuhamba ngePedal

Yilapho yonke inqubo iqala khona. Incwadi yefekthri ithi ukuhamba okuvamile cishe kungamasentimitha angu-13. Nut kanye locknut. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ipharamitha iyanda, njengoba ulwelwesi lwediski eqhutshwayo luguga.

Lokhu kuphakamisa i-pedal kancane. Ukulinganisa inkomba akunzima.

1. Vula isicabha esiholela esihlalweni somshayeli ekhunjini.
2. Gxumela phansi ukuze usondele eduze kwamaphedali.
3. Beka i-straight ku-mata ngaphansi kwe-pedal, i-perpendicular to pedal ye-clutch.
4. Linganisa ibanga ukusuka kumata ukuya endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ye-pedal, okungukuthi, ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu.
5. Uma inkomba ikala amasentimitha angu-16 noma ngaphezulu, lokhu kubonisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokulungiswa.