Thela amafutha edizili enjinini kaphethiloli. Imiphumela kanye nokubuyekezwa

Umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwezinjini zikadizili nezikaphethiloli

Kunomehluko omncane ohlobene ngqo namafutha enjini phakathi kukadizili nenjini kaphethiloli. Ake sizicabangele.

1. Isilinganiso sokucindezela esiphezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, umoya ku-cylinder injini diesel onomfutho izikhathi 1,7-2 namandla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ushise umoya uze ufike ezingeni lokushisa likadizili. Izinga eliphakeme lokucindezelwa linquma imithwalo eyengeziwe ezingxenyeni ze-crankshaft. Kulokhu, uwoyela phakathi kwamajenali we-shaft namalayini, kanye naphakathi kwephini kanye nendawo yokuhlala ku-piston, aba nemithwalo emikhulu.
2. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo. Umthwalo oshisayo enjinini ye-diesel uphakeme ngandlela-thile, njengoba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu selivele lisungulwe ekamelweni elivuthayo ngesikhathi sokucindezela. Enjinini kaphethiloli, uphethiloli ovuthayo kuphela okhipha ukushisa.

3. Isivinini esincishisiwe. Injini ye-diesel ayivamisile ukuphotha ama-revolutions ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5000-6000. Ngenkathi ikuphethiloli, lesi sivinini se-crankshaft sifinyelelwa kaningi.
4. Ukwanda kokuhlukaniswa komlotha. Ngenxa yemvelo enesibabule kaphethiloli we-diesel, ama-sulfur oxides akhiwa enjini ye-diesel, engena kancane emafutheni.

Kukhona ezinye ezimbalwa, umehluko ongabalulekile kangako. Kodwa ngeke sizicabangele, ngoba cishe azinawo umthelela ezidingweni zamafutha enjini.

Amafutha edizili ahluke kanjani kuphethiloli?

Amafutha enjini ezinjini zikadizili nama-ICE kaphethiloli, naphezu kwemibono eyiphutha evamile phakathi koquqaba, ahluka kancane ngokwakheka nezakhiwo. Amafutha ayisisekelo kanye nesabelo esiyinhloko sephakheji yokungeza kuyafana. Umehluko ukungokoqobo ezicini ezimbalwa.

1. Uwoyela udizili uqukethe iphakheji yesengezo eqinisiwe eklanyelwe ukwenza i-sulfur oxide ingabi namandla futhi iwashe amadiphozithi odaka. Amafutha kaphethiloli athi anciphe kakhulu kulokhu. Kodwa ngenxa yalezi zithako, uwoyela we-diesel ngokuvamile unomlotha we-sulfate owandayo. Ngamafutha esimanje, le nkinga ixazululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuthuthukisa izithasiselo ezishintshayo ezingakhulisi okuqukethwe komlotha.
2. Uwoyela udizili ukalwe kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukufutheka kwefilimu kawoyela kunowoyela wokugunda isivinini. Lo mehluko awubalulekile futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile awuzibonakalisi nganoma iyiphi indlela.
3. Ukumelana nowoyela okuthuthukisiwe ku-oxidation. Okusho ukuthi, kumafutha e-diesel, izinga le-oxidation liphansi.

Akhona amafutha edizili ezimotweni zentengiso nezabagibeli. Kwezokuthutha zomphakathi, uwoyela udizayinelwe ukuvikela injini eyengeziwe ngempilo yesevisi emfushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Kumaloli nezinye izimoto zezentengiselwano, kugcizelelwa ukuthi izikhawu zesevisi ezinwetshiwe.

Imiphumela yokuthela uwoyela wedizili enjinini kaphethiloli

Imiphumela yokusebenzisa uwoyela udizili enjinini kaphethiloli incike ezintweni eziningi. Ake sibheke izinketho ezivamile.

• Ukugcwalisa uwoyela wedizili ngemvume yezimoto zabagibeli (API CF, ACEA B3/B4) ezinjinini ezilula zikaphethiloli zezimoto zaseYurophu nezaseMelika ezinezidingo ezincane. "Ukufaka esikhundleni" okunjalo esimweni esivamile kuvunyelwe, inqobo nje uma ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukufaka esikhundleni samafutha ngomunye ofanele ngokusho kwencazelo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukushayela on Lubrication diesel, kodwa akunconywa ukuvula injini ngaphezu 5000 ayizinkulungwane izinguquko.
• Ukugcwalisa uwoyela wedizili wamaloli (okugunyazwe i-API Cx yezimoto zentengiso noma i-ACEA Cx) kunoma iyiphi imoto yabagibeli enenjini kaphethiloli akukhuthazwa kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uwoyela we-diesel kuphela uma kungekho okunye, isikhathi esifushane (esiteshini sesevisi esiseduze) nangaphansi kwesimo sokushayela ngemithwalo encane.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha edizili ezimotweni zanamuhla zase-Asia ezenzelwe uwoyela we-viscosity ephansi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. I-lubricant ewugqinsi yezinjini zikadizili ngeke idlule kahle eziteshini zikawoyela emincane futhi isebenze kabi ekuxhumaneni namapheya ashayisanayo nokucaciswa okuncishisiwe. Lokhu kuzodala indlala kawoyela futhi kungaholela ekubanjweni kwenjini.

Uma usebenzisa amafutha edizili ezinjinini zikaphethiloli, kubalulekile ukuthi injini ungayishisi ngokweqile futhi ungayipholi ifike ngesivinini esikhulu.