I-WRC.net.pl kanye "namabhethri e-semiconductor". Marcin Zabolski, lokhu kubuthakathaka [ikholomu]

"Umuzwa! Ngalobu buchwepheshe obusha, iToyota izoshintsha umlando. U-Elon Musk noma u-VW bangaphupha ngalokhu kuphela. Udizili usuphelile”kusho isihloko esikhulu ku-WRC.net.pl. Futhi lesi sihlokwana: "Kungani Amabhethri Esifunda Esiqinile Eshintsha?"

Hhayi-ke, ake sibheke lokhu kuvukela umbuso ...

Isifinyezo esikhundleni sesingeniso

Uhlu lokuqukethwe

• Isifinyezo esikhundleni sesingeniso
• Amabhethri e-semiconductor, okungukuthi u-Elon Piemo, umphathi we-Tesla
  • Ama-electrolyte anguketshezi nama-electrolyte aqinile - kungani sifuna ukuqhela oketshezini futhi sisebenzise izinto eziqinile?
  • Ama-electrolyte aqinile ayisikrini esivimba i-lithium dendrites.
  • Futhi kukuphi kukho konke lokhu iToyota ingakwazi ukuphupha ngayo izinto zika-Elon Pimo kuphela?
  • Ingabe Amaseli Aqinile E-Electrolyte Aguquliwe?

Umbhali we-WRC.net.pl akazi ukuthi ubhala ngani, futhi ukuhumusha ngokunganaki kwenza abafundi bengosi, abangathanda ukukhombisa ulwazi lwabo, abangenalwazi. Umdali wombhalo ubonakala futhi engazi ngomlando nezenzakalo zakamuva okungenzeka zibe nomthelela emibikweni ye-Nikkei.

Amabhethri e-Solid-State bekumele ethulwe ngokusemthethweni ngabakwaToyota kuma-Olympics e-Tokyo 2020, umcimbi wahlehliswa, ngakho ukwethulwa kwahlehliswa.

Okokugcina, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi iToyota kuphela kusho futhi namanje lutho akethuli. Usebenza ne-CATL, usebenzisana ne-Panasonic, kodwa awekho kulawo ma-movie asebhale mayelana nokuqinile okwamanje. Ngamafuphi nje: umbhalo we-WRC.net.pl uwumbhalo ohlaba umxhwele onamaphutha amaqiniso angathi sína kokuqukethwe.

Manje ake sichaze konke lokhu isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

Amabhethri e-semiconductor, okungukuthi u-Elon Piemo, umphathi we-Tesla

Umbhali wombhalo ku-WRC.net.pl, mhlawumbe UMarcin Zabolski (lokhu kuvela ku-url), mhlawumbe iphose indatshana ku-Google Translator yase yehla:

Kuhle ibhethri yesimo esiqinile akulona "ibhethri lesimo esiqinile". Yebo, i-electrolyte equkethwe kuyo kufanele ibonakale ngokuqhutshwa kwe-semiconductor, kodwa lokhu kuyinhlobo ebanzi kakhulu futhi ayibalulekile ikakhulukazi kulo mongo. Ngale ncazelo Ibhethri ye-electrolyte ewuketshezi iphinde ibe "ibhethri ye-semiconductor".ngoba ama-electrolyte anguketshezi ane-conductivity efanayo, okungenani ngokuya ngamayunithi.

Ama-semiconductors abekwe ngaphezulu ngokuzenzakalelayo (i-silicon, i-germanium, i-gallium arsenide, njll.) awabalulekile kangako kuleli bhethri, ngisho noma i-silicon (ionic) isetshenziswa ku-ceramic electrolyte. ngoba Asikhulumi ngama-semiconductors nhlobo..

Hhayi-ke, "isimo esiqinile" ngokwencazelo yebhethri sisho "isimo esiqinile" futhi Ibhethri lesimo esiqinile ibhethri eline-electrolyte esesimweni esiqinile.labo. akulona uketshezi noma igesi. Ngokunemba kakhudlwana: ibhethri elisekelwe kumaseli e-electrolyte aqinile.

Hhayi "semiconductor", kodwa "okuqinile", hhayi u-Elon Musk, kodwa u-Elon Musk... Noma ubani ongawuqondi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinguqulo cishe ngeke aqonde ukuthi kungani le nkinga ibaluleke kangaka.

Ama-electrolyte anguketshezi nama-electrolyte aqinile - kungani sifuna ukuqhela oketshezini futhi sisebenzise izinto eziqinile?

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani ama-electrolyte aqinile ebaluleke kangaka, kudingeka sikhumbule iqiniso elilodwa elibalulekile: ama-electrolyte anguketshezi asetshenziswa kumaseli e-lithium-ion yesimanje... Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisekelwe ku-solvents ezivuthayo.

Ake sigcizelele lokhu: ama-electrode phakathi kokugeleza kwamashaji amakhulu acwiliswa noma okungenani asondelene nezinto ezivuthayo. Lapho isifunda esifushane senzeka esitokisini se-lithium - futhi lokhu kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile; sizokhuluma ngabo kamuva - i-electrolyte ingabamba umlilo ngisho nasesitsheni esivaliwe. Ngoba umoya-mpilo usuvele uku-molecule encibilikayo.

Uketshezi oluvuthayo, izinhlansi, umoya-mpilo, umlilo ... Ingabe sekucacile manje?

Ukuqhuma eTesla, kushayise iloli elidonsayo. Bonke abagibeli bakwazile ukubaleka emotweni

O, futhi kwangathi lokhu okunikezwayo okuvela ku-WRC.net.pl kungakuthinti:

Amabhethri e-semiconductor kulindeleke ukuthi athathe indawo yamabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenzisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ezinamanzi.

Lapha inkondlo iphinde yathuthukiswa yi-Google Translate ngoba umbhali wenze isifinyezo esincane (ngemuva kuka-Nikkei):

Kulindeleke ukuthi amabhethri e-semiconductor abe enye indlela esebenzayo kumabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenzisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ezinamanzi.

Ngenhla amanzi ucwaningo ngama-electrolyte lusaqhubeka ngenkathi amangqamuzana asetshenziselwa ukuhweba ama-electrolyte uketshezihhayi amanzi. U-Nikkei washesha kancane, umhumushi we-Google wahunyushwa ngokufanelekile, umbhali we-WRC.net.pl akazange ayibone nenkinga.

Kodwa emuva kuchungechunge oluyinhloko:

Ama-electrolyte aqinile ayisikrini esivimba i-lithium dendrites.

Endabeni yama-electrolyte aqinile, kukhona ungqimba oluqinile phakathi kwama-electrode.. Wazama ngobudlelwano obuhlukene. Kuze kube manje, ama-sulfide nama-ceramics abonakala ethembisa kakhulu - ungawabona ezithombeni ezingezansi (i-cuboid esobala nekhadi elimhlophe eliguquguqukayo):

Sidinga ama-electrolyte aqinile ngoba lapho sifuna ukushaja ngokushesha iseli ye-lithium-ion (ngemuva kwakho konke, akekho ofuna ukuqhakaza amahora ngeshaja!), Singabangela ukuthi i-lithium dendrites ikhule. Ama-electrolyte angama-liquid, afakwe ngisho nesipontshi se-polymer, awavimbeli ukwanda kwezakhiwo. Lapho i-lithium dendrite enamandla kuseli ye-electrolyte enguketshezi iyinde ngokwanele, ingafinyeza womabili ama-electrode:

Sesikwazi konke okunye: uketshezi oluvuthayo, inhlansi, umlilo ...

okwamanje ama-electrolyte aqinile asebenza njengezikhali, isihlangu esihlukanisa ama-electrode amabili... I-lithium dendrite ayinalo ithuba lokukhula ngoba ibanjwe yi-electrolyte eqinile. I-lithium crystal ngeke iphule, i-lithium ion izodlula kuyo ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu. Yingakho ke nge-electrolyte eqinile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iqinile (isimo esiqinile).

Ukuze nje uhumushe igama ngendlela efanele, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ibhethri le-lithium-ion lisebenza kanjani.

Futhi kukuphi kukho konke lokhu iToyota ingakwazi ukuphupha ngayo izinto zika-Elon Pimo kuphela?

Ukucaphuna i-WRC.net.pl futhi:

Ngabe kwaToyota bazobukhombisa nini ubuchwepheshe babo obuphazamisayo? KwaToyota bazokwenza lokho ngo-2021 uma bethula i-prototype.

Izinto zokuqala kuqala: U-Nikkei umemezele ukuthi i-prototype izokwambulwa ngo-2021. Futhi ... akukho lutho olungavamile kulokhu, ngoba ukwethulwa kwe-prototype ye-Toyota enebhethri yesimo esiqinile kwakufanele kwenzeke ngo-2020, esiye sazi iminyaka emibili:

> Amabhethri e-Toyota solid-state kuma-Olympics e-Tokyo 2020. Kodwa i-Dziennik.pl ikhuluma ngani?

Imidlalo yahlehliswa, kwaba nezinye izinkinga emhlabeni, nokwethulwa kwahlehliswa. I-Covid-19 ayizange idlule ezimbonini eziningi. Futhi izimoto eziqinile ze-electrolyte zizofika nini emakethe? I-WRC.net.pl iyaqhubeka:

(...) ngo-2021 lapho i-prototype izokwethulwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kuzolandela maduze nje. (…) Uma iToyota iqala, mhlawumbe ngo-2022, ithengisa izimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri e-semiconductor, ingase icindezele izimbangi ezihlinzeka ngezimoto zikagesi.

“Ngemva nje kwalokho,” kwenzekani ngempela? I-WRC.net.pl ibhala "ngokuqala kweminyaka yama-20s yekhulu lama-2022", nakuba eseyazi kakade idethi elinganiselwe ("mhlawumbe iminyaka engu-7"). Khonamanjalo, okhulumela iToyota uthi okulandelayo (kusukela ngo-30 ntambama):

Silindele ukwethula imoto yokuqala kagesi yesifunda esiqinile ekhiqizwe ngobuningi engxenyeni yokuqala yowezi-2020.

Ngakho, ukuhunyushelwa olimini lwesiPolish:

Ngaya ku okwamanje imoto yokuqala kagesi ekhiqizwa ngobuningi enamabhethri aqinile e-electrolyte engxenyeni yokuqala yamashumi amabili [ngoba ingxenye yokuqala ka-2020 isivele isikhona - ed. umhleli www.elektrowoz.pl].

Okhulumela abakwaToyota ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2025, kuzoba nombukiso wezimoto ezihambisana ne-solid state. Lokhu akumayelana nokuya emakethe, nakuba singathanda ukuzwa lokho. Futhi ayikhulumi ngokukhiqiza, nakuba lokho kuzodinga ukulungiswa okuncane nje komusho okhulunyiwe ("sizoqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo...").

Siyaxolisa ngokuthi "mhlawumbe ngo-2022", ngeke siphinde sikhulume ngalokhu.

Ngakho-ke kuzokwenzeka nini ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto eziningi ezinamabhethri aqinile e-electrolyte? Imboni iyangabaza, ngisho nabaqalayo bakhombisa ama-prototypes anjalo amaseli abathi azovela ezimotweni eminyakeni embalwa:

> Amandla Aqinile: Singaqala ukuthengisa izinto eziqinile ngo-2021. Ezimotweni? Ngo-2026-2027.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Toyota ayizange iveze lutho okwamanje, kodwa kusukela ngo-2017 "ihlela" ukwethulwa kwezimoto ezinamabhethri aqinile (bheka, isibonelo, LAPHA). Kunzima ukukholelwa izinkulumo ezinjalo.

Ingabe Amaseli Aqinile E-Electrolyte Aguquliwe?

Ukuthi bona.

Ngenxa ye-electrolyte eqinile, bangakhokhiswa ngamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngama-lithium dendrites. Amandla okushaja aphezulu asho isikhathi esincane sokushaja.

Ngenxa ye-electrolyte eqinile, kuzokwazi ukukhipha ukusetshenziswa kwe-graphite noma i-silicon njengama-anode. Ngaphandle kwe-graphite/silicon anode, indawo eyengeziwe izokwabelwa i-lithium, ubukhona bayo obunquma umthamo webhethri. I-electrolyte eqinile kanye ne-lithium eyengeziwe, amandla amakhulu amabhethri..

Silungiselele ukubuka kabanzi kwesihloko okususelwe kusethulo se-QuantumScape:

> Amaphesenti angu-80 emizuzwini engu-15 "href =" https://elektrowoz.pl/magazyny-energii/quantumscape-podalo-dane-ogniw-solid-state-ladowanie-4-c-wyrzymuja-25-c-0-80-proc -w -imizuzu engu-15 / "rel=" ibhukhimakhi ">I-QuantumScape inikeze idatha yesimo esiqinile. Shaja 4 C, imelana nokungu-25 C, 0-> 80%. emizuzwini eyi-15

Sikholelwa ukuthi kube isethulo seQuantumScape kanye nochwepheshe abashisekayo okwaba ngumgqugquzeli omkhulu we-Nikkei. Ngoba, futhi, iToyota ibilokhu iningi kumemezela i izithembisoOkwamanje i-QuantumScape yethule amapharamitha isilungile izakhi eziqinile. Sibhale ngalokhu ngqo ngesixhumanisi sendatshana ye-Nikkei, esasetshenziswa umbhali we-WRC.net.pl:

> I-QuantumScape isingenile emakethe. I-Solid Power ne-Toyota nabo bahlela impumelelo

Yilokho kuphela …

Inothi lombhali: Njengomuntu [mhlawumbe vele owake waba khona?] Intatheli, kubuhlungu kimi ukubhala kanje ngingasiqondi isihloko. Ukusebenza kwabezindaba kufanele kube umgomo osekelwe ezimisweni zokuziphatha kanye nolwazi. Ngizolingeka ukuba ngilwele ukuchofoza, ngoba, ngemuva kwakho konke, inzuzo yomshicileli. kodwa ukuntuleka kwanoma yiliphi ikhono esihlokweni esikuso kuyingozi. Namuhla lo mbhali ubhala umbhedo ngamabhethri, kusasa uzoqasha abantu abazotshala inkulumo-ze emelene nohulumeni. Uzothatha yonke imali azoyithola ngephepha lodonga.

Futhi akukho lutho oluzofika ukukhanya okuxwayisayo ekhanda lakhe ukuthi uchaza isihloko angasazi ngaso.

Ngicabanga ukuthi amanye amasayithi kufanele ayalwe ukuthi athumele isichasiselo: “Ufunda ngokuzifaka wena engozini futhi ngeke siqinisekise ukuthi noma yiluphi ulwazi olunikeziwe luyiqiniso. " Mayelana noToyota, bengingalindela umzamo wokuthatha isiqalo esiqinile.

Ukuvula isithombe: ukuqala kwesihloko esichazwe kokuqukethwe (c) WRC.net.pl

Lokhu kungase kube nentshisekelo kuwe: