Ukukhetha imakrofoni

Isihluthulelo sokurekhoda okuhle kwemakrofoni ukusetha kahle umthombo womsindo ngokuphathelene nemakrofoni nama-acoustics egumbi orekhoda kulo. Kulo mongo, iphethini yokuqondisa yemakrofoni iba yisinqumo.

Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi lapho ama-acoustics angaphakathi engeyona inzuzo, sisebenzisa imibhobho ye-bud, engazweli kakhulu emisindweni evela eceleni nangemuva. Nokho, umuntu kufanele akhumbule mayelana nomphumela wabo oseduze, i.e. ukusetha amathoni aphansi njengoba imakrofoni isondela emthonjeni womsindo. Ngakho-ke, ukubekwa kwemakrofoni kuzodinga ukuhlolwa okuthile mayelana nalokhu.

Uma sinegumbi elinama-acoustic esingathanda ukuwafaka esithombeni sethu, amamakrofoni ayindilinga acishe abe nokuzwela okufanayo kumasiginali avela kuzo zonke izindawo asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhobho enamanothi ayisishiyagalombili, iyiziba ngokuphelele imisindo evela eceleni, iphendula kuphela imisindo evela ngaphambili nangemuva, ibenze ifaneleke amakamelo lapho ingxenye kuphela ye-acoustics yegumbi ilungile ngokomsindo.

Izici zokufunda

Ngokusebenzisa imvamisa nokuphendula okuqondile kombhobho we-AKG C-414 condenser njengesibonelo, manje ake sibone ukuthi zingazifunda kanjani lezi zinhlobo zamagrafu. Zibaluleke kakhulu kithi ngoba zisivumela ukuba sibikezele ukuziphatha kombhobho esimweni esithile.

Isici sibonisa ileveli yesiginali ekuphumeni kwemakrofoni kuye ngokuvama kwesiginali ye-acoustic. Uma siyibheka, siyabona ukuthi kububanzi obufika ku-2 kHz ilingana (amajika aluhlaza, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namnyama abonisa izici ngemuva kokuvula isihlungi se-low-pass yamafrikhwensi ahlukene). Imakrofoni ithatha amaza kancane ebangeni le-5-6kHz futhi ikhombisa ukuncipha kokusebenza kahle okungaphezulu kuka-15kHz.

Isici sokuqondisa, i.e. uhlobo lwegrafu lokuzwela kwemakrofoni, olubonwa ngeso lenyoni. Uhlangothi lwesokunxele lwegrafu lubonisa isici esiqondisayo samafrikhwensi ukusuka ku-125 kuye ku-1000 Hz, futhi okufanayo ngobubanzi obusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezi-2 ukuya kwesokudla. kufika ku-16k Hz (lezi zinhlobo zezici zivame ukulinganisa, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokumela i-semicircle yesibili). Lapho imvamisa iphansi, iphethini iba yindilinga. Njengoba i-frequency ikhula, isici siyancipha futhi ukuzwela kumasignali avela eceleni nangemuva kwehla kakhulu.

Yeka ingaphakathi, umbhobho onjalo

Ukusetshenziswa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izihlangu zemakrofoni ye-Acoustic akuphazamisi umsindo wombhobho kakhulu njengoba kuvumela ukwehlisa izinga lesiginali elivela ezindongeni zegumbi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusize ukunciphisa izici zomsindo zengaphakathi elincane. intshisekelo kulokhu.

Uma isitudiyo sakho sigcwele izinto eziningi ezimanzisa - amakhethini asindayo, amakhaphethi, izihlalo ezithambile, njll. - uzogcina unomsindo owomile futhi ongacacile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amakamelo anjalo awafanele ukuqoshwa, isibonelo, amazwi. Kukhona abakhiqizi abaningi abaqopha ngamabomu izwi labo emakamelweni anjalo, bazishiye ngemuva ukuze bakhe ngokuzenzela indawo abayifunayo besebenzisa amaphrosesa wemiphumela yedijithali. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesikhala lungabangela ukungakhululeki okuphawulekayo emsebenzini wabaculi, okuyinto, yiqiniso, engahambisani nokuqoshwa okuhle. Abaculi bathanda ukuzwa "umoya omncane" eduze kwabo, yingakho abanye abaculi bekhetha ukucula emakamelweni amakhulu.

Eminye imibhobho ifaneleka kangcono izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kunabanye, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi yimiphi imakrofoni ongayisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukurekhoda. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa umkhawulokudonsa kanye nezici ze-sonic zomthombo womsindo, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokucindezela abalikhiqizayo. Kwesinye isikhathi isici sezomnotho sisengozini - akufanele usebenzise imakrofoni ebizayo kuleyo mithombo yomsindo lapho i-analogue eshibhile futhi etholakala kalula yanele ngokwanele.

Amazwi neziginci

Lapho uqopha amazwi, onjiniyela abaningi bomsindo bakhetha imibhobho emikhulu ye-diaphragm condenser enempendulo yezinso. Amamakrofoni eribhoni aya ngokuya asetshenziselwa le njongo. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuzama ukubona ukuthi amazwi akho azozwakala kanjani ngombhobho oguquguqukayo ojwayelekile njengeShure SM57/SM58. Lesi sakamuva singasetshenziswa ezimeni zesitudiyo lapho kuqoshwa khona amazwi anomsindo kakhulu futhi anokhahlo, njengasemculweni we-rock, wensimbi noma we-punk.

Endabeni yokuqoshwa kwe-amp yesiginci, amamakrofoni ashukumisayo ayisixazululo esingcono kakhulu, nakuba abanye onjiniyela bomsindo basebenzisa womabili amamodeli amancane we-diaphragm condenser kanye nemakrofoni yakudala emikhulu ye-diaphragm.

Njengasendabeni yamazwi, i-microphone yeribhoni isetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, okuthi, ngaphandle kokweqisa ukuvezwa kwamafrikhwensi aphezulu, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukudubula okuphumelelayo kuma-bass naphakathi. Endabeni ye-microphone yeribhoni, indawo yayo efanele ibaluleke kakhulu - iqiniso liwukuthi ayikwazi ukubekwa ngokuhambisana nendiza ye-loud speaker, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuhlanekezela kwe-low-frequency, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kulimaze imibhobho yeribhoni. (imibhobho yalolu hlobo izwela kakhulu endizeni yezikhulumi). amahithi aqondile).

Ukuqoshwa kwe-Bass kuvame ukwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili - umugqa-ngaphakathi, okungukuthi ngokuqondile kusuka entweni, nokusebenzisa imakrofoni enamathiselwe ku-amplifier, kuyilapho imibhobho ye-condenser ye-diaphragm emikhulu kanye nemakrofoni ashukumisayo nakho kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqoshwa kwemakrofoni. Esimeni sakamuva, abakhiqizi bathanda ukusebenzisa imakrofoni eklanyelwe izigubhu zokukhahlela, izici zayo ezisebenza kahle ekurekhodweni kwe-bass.

Isiginci se-Acoustic

Amamakrofoni ochungechunge lwe-AKG C414 angeminye yemibhobho esebenza ngezindlela eziningi emakethe. Banikeza izici ezinhlanu zokuqondisa ezishintshekayo.

Kokubili isiginci se-acoustic nezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ziphakathi kwezinhle kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunzima kakhulu ukurekhoda imithombo yomsindo. Endabeni yazo, ama-mics ashukumisayo awasebenzi kahle, kodwa okuqoshiwe okunama-condenser mics—kokubili ama-diaphragm amakhulu namancane—kuvamise ukusebenza kahle. Kuneqembu elikhulu lonjiniyela bemisindo abasebenzisa amaribhoni amamakrofoni kulawa maseshini, kodwa akubona bonke abanekhono lokusingatha lezi zimo. Ukuze uthole isiginci esikhala kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe imibhobho emibili - eyodwa ene-diaphragm enkulu engakhwezwa ebangeni elithile ukusuka ensimbini ukuze kugwenywe imisindo ye-bass eyeqile ephuma embotsheni yomsindo yebhokisi, kanye ne-diaphragm encane evame ukuqondiswa kuyo. ukuduma kweshumi nambili kwesiginci.

Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi ezimweni ze-studio zasekhaya, imibhobho encane ye-diaphragm iyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu, njengoba inikeza ukucaca okwanele kanye nesivinini somsindo. Ukuma nakho akunankinga njengamamakrofoni amakhulu e-diaphragm. Lokhu kokugcina, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuhle ku-studio sokuqopha, emakamelweni anama-acoustics alungile. Isiginci se-acoustic esirekhodwe ngale ndlela ngokuvamile sizwakala sicace ngendlela emangalisayo, nenani elilungile lokujula nencazelo.

izinsimbi zomoya

Lapho uqopha izinsimbi eziphefumulayo, umbhobho weribhoni uyintandokazi ecacile yonjiniyela abaningi bomsindo. Njengoba impendulo yegumbi ibaluleke kakhulu emsindweni walolu hlobo lwensimbi, izici zayo ze-octal zokuqondisa kanye nomsindo othize ongenzi ihaba amathoni aphezulu asebenza kahle kakhulu lapha. Amamakrofoni amakhulu we-diaphragm condenser nawo angasetshenziswa, kodwa amamodeli anempendulo ye-octal (amakrofoni ashintshwayo avame kakhulu) kufanele akhethwe. Amamakrofoni eshubhu asebenza kahle kulezi zimo.

upiyano

insimbi engavamile ukuqoshwa esitudiyo sasekhaya. Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi indlela yakhe efanele iwubuciko bangempela, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendawo enkulu lapho umsindo ukhiqizwa khona, ububanzi bemvamisa ebanzi kanye namandla. Ngokurekhodwa kwepiyano, amamakrofoni amancane namakhulu ama-diaphragm condenser asetshenziswa kakhulu, kanye nemakrofoni amabili e-omnidirectional, aqhelelene kancane nethuluzi, ngesivalo, anikeze imiphumela emihle. Isimo, nokho, ama-acoustics amahle wegumbi lokuqopha. Ngenyanga ezayo, sizobheka izindlela zokuqopha izigubhu ze-acoustic kumbhobho. Lesi sihloko singesinye sezici okuxoxwe ngazo kakhulu ngomsebenzi we-studio.