Inqubekelaphambili ekuzilawuleni kwezimoto zikagesi

Inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2020

Selokhu kwavela izimoto zikagesi emakethe, impilo yebhethri ibilokhu idonsela ukunaka nokuphikisana. Abakhiqizi babhekane kanjani nale nkinga futhi iyiphi inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule?

Ukuzilawula Kwemoto Kagesi: I-Mas Market Brake?

Ngo-2019, u-63% wabaphenduli ku-Argus Energy barometer babheka uhla njengesithiyo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthelweni ezimotweni zikagesi. Abashayeli bezimoto bayanqikaza ngempela ukucabanga ngokuthi kufanele bashaje kabusha izimoto zabo izikhathi eziningi ukuze bahambe amabanga amade. Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ekhokhiswayo etholakala esidlangalaleni kunganciphisa lokhu kukhathazeka? Amatheminali asheshayo, ayanda kakhulu ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zemigwaqo, abuyisela umthamo wawo ogcwele kumamodeli amaningi ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-45. Abalandeli benjini yokushisa ngeke bahluleke ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sikhathi sihlala side kakhulu kunesikaphethiloli ogcwele.

Noma ngabe ukusheshisa ukuthunyelwa kweziteshi zokushaja kungabaqinisa idolo abanye abashayeli, okulindelwe kusagxile ekuzilawuleni uqobo.

Udinga usizo ukuze uqalise?

Ukwandisa ukuzimela okumaphakathi

Ngokombiko weGlobal Electric Vehicles Outlook 2021 olungiswe yi-International Energy Agency, ukuzimela kwezimoto zikagesi kuqhubekile nokuba ngcono selokhu zasungulwa emakethe. Ngakho-ke, sisuke ekuzilawuleni okumenyezelwe okuyisilinganiso samakhilomitha angama-211 ngo-2015 saya kumakhilomitha angama-338 ngo-2020. Nansi imininingwane yeminyaka eyisithupha edlule:

• 2015: 211 km
• 2016: amakhilomitha angama-233
• 2017: amakhilomitha angu-267
• 2018: amakhilomitha angama-304
• 2019: amakhilomitha angu-336
• 2020: amakhilomitha angu-338

Uma inqubekelaphambili ephawuliwe eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala ikhuthaza, umuntu angamangala ngokuma phakathi kuka-2019 no-2020. Eqinisweni, lokhu kukhula okunesizotha kuqhutshwa ukungena kwamamodeli aminyene kakhulu emakethe. Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa emadolobheni, inamabhethri amancane futhi ngenxa yalokho awahlali isikhathi eside.

Ukuzimela kwemikhiqizo ephambili kunqubo

Ngakho, abashayeli abafuna ukuzimela okwengeziwe bangaqiniseka ukuthi abakhiqizi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izimoto ezikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, njengama-sedans noma ama-SUV. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, vele uhlaziye umthamo webhethri wemoto ethile ngokubheka ukuvela kwemodeli ngemodeli. I-Tesla Model S, edayiswa kusukela ngo-2012, ibone ukuzimela kwayo kukhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo:

• 2012: amakhilomitha angu-426
• 2015: amakhilomitha angama-424
• 2016: amakhilomitha angu-507
• 2018: amakhilomitha angu-539
• 2020: amakhilomitha angu-647
• 2021: amakhilomitha angama-663

Lokhu kwanda okuvamile kutholwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, i-Palo Alto idale amabhethri amakhulu namakhudlwana ngenkathi ithuthukisa isofthiwe yokulawula ye-Model S. Ibuyekezwa njalo ukuze yenze imoto isebenze kahle futhi ikhulise umthamo webhethri.

Imigomo yesikhathi esifushane yokuvelela

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzimela kwezimoto zikagesi, izindlela ezimbalwa ziyahlolwa namuhla. Abacwaningi bazama ukwenza amabhethri asebenze kahle nakakhulu njengoba abakhiqizi befuna “ukucabanga ngogesi” ekwakhiweni kwe-chassis yezimoto.

Izinkundla ezintsha ze-Stellantis ze-electromotorization

I-Stellantis Group, umdlali omkhulu emakethe yezimoto, ifuna ukuthuthukisa uhla lwayo lwezimoto zikagesi. Kusukela ngo-2023, izinkampani eziyi-14 zeqembu (okuhlanganisa i-Citroën, i-Opel, i-Fiat, i-Dodge ne-Jeep) zizohlinzeka ngezimoto ezakhiwe ku-chassis eziklanywe njengezinkundla zikagesi kuphela. Lokhu ukuvela kwemvelo kwangempela ngesikhathi lapho ama-EV amaningi esebenzisa i-chassis yamamodeli ashisayo afanayo.

Ikakhulukazi, u-Stellantis uzibophezele ekuphenduleni ama-alamu okuphuka, ahlala ebalulekile kubashayeli be-EV. Ngakho-ke, abathuthukisi bethule amapulatifomu amane anikezelwe kule njini ethile:

• Encane: izobe igcinelwe izimoto zedolobha nezemisebenzi eminingi njenge-Peugeot e-208 noma i-Fiat 500. Le nkundla ithembisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-500.
• Okuphakathi: Le nkundla izofakwa ezimotweni ezinde. Amabhethri ahambisanayo azohlinzeka ngebanga elingamakhilomitha angama-700 kuye kwangama-800.
• Okukhulu: Le nkundla izokwakhelwa amaSUV anebanga elimenyezelwe lamakhilomitha angama-500.
• Uhlaka: Inkundla yesine izobe igcinelwe ngokuphelele izimoto ezithengiswayo.

Inhloso yalokhu kumiswa wukunciphisa kancane izindleko zokufakwa kukagesi. Ngaphezu kokwelula ububanzi, i-Stellantis iphinde yethemba ukunikeza amamodeli e-EV angabizi kakhulu. Le ndlela iyabonakala kubashayeli bezimoto: eFrance, izindleko eziphakeme zokuthenga izimoto zikagesi zisalungiswa ngokwengxenye nge-premium yokuguqulwa, kodwa kungenzeka zehle esikhathini esizayo.

Amakhilomitha angama-800 okuzimela ngo-2025?

I-Samsung nebhethri yesimo esiqinile

Ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, maduze nje ukuzimela kwebhethri elishajiwe kuzolingana nokwethangi eligcwele! Abacwaningi abasebenza nohlobo lwe-Samsung baveze umqondo omusha webhethri le-electrolyte ngoMashi 2020. Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, afakwe izimoto eziningi zikagesi, asebenza esebenzisa i-electrolyte ewuketshezi noma ngendlela yejeli; ukushintshela kumabhethri e-electrolyte aqinile kuzosho ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokushajwa kabusha ngokushesha.

Ngomthamo ophindwe kabili wevolumu yamabhethri endabuko, lokhu okusha kwe-Samsung kuzovumela ama-EVs ukuthi ahambe amakhilomitha angama-800. Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kungenye ingxabano evuna leli bhethri njengoba lingashajwa kabusha izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1000. Kusele ukuthi kudlule inkambo yokukhiqiza ... Uma i-Samsung prototype ithembisa, kuze kube manje akukho lutho oluthi abakhiqizi bazophendukela kuso!

I-SK Innovation kanye Nokushaja Okushesha Kakhulu

Enye inkampani yaseNingizimu Korea elwela ukuzibusa ibanga elingu-800 km iSK Innovation. Iqembu limemezele ukuthi lisebenzela ibhethri elisha, elizimele, elinamandla amakhulu, elisekelwe ku-nickel, kuyilapho lehlisa isikhathi sokushaja kutheminali esheshayo sibe yimizuzu engama-20! I-SK Innovation, esivele ingumphakeli kumkhiqizi wakwa-Kia, ifuna ukuthuthuka futhi yakha amafekthri ambalwa eGeorgia. Umgomo omkhulu uwukuhlomisa iFord neVolkswagen ngezimoto zikagesi ezakhiwe e-US.

Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-2000?

Lokho okwakungase kudlule eminyakeni embalwa edlule ezinganekwaneni zesayensi kungase kube iqiniso elibonakalayo ngokushesha. Iqembu lososayensi baseJalimane nabamaDashi abasebenzela i-Fraunhofer kanye ne-SoLayTec, ngokulandelanayo, lenze inqubo enelungelo lobunikazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Spatial Atom Layer Deposition.

(SALD). Azikho izinguquko kukhemistri lapha, njengoba kwenzeka kwabaseNingizimu Korea i-Samsung ne-SK Innovation. Inqubekelaphambili efinyelelwe ihlobene nobuchwepheshe bebhethri. Abacwaningi babenombono wokusebenzisa izinto ezisebenzayo zama-electrode ngendlela yongqimba lwama-nanometer ambalwa. Njengoba ukuqoqwa kwe-lithium ion kwenzeka kuphela phezulu, asikho isidingo sama-electrode aminyene.

Ngakho-ke, ngevolumu elinganayo noma isisindo, inqubo ye-SALD ithuthukisa izici ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• indawo ye-electrode esebenzayo
• ikhono labo lokugcina ugesi
• isivinini sokushaja

Ngakho-ke, izimoto ezifakwe ibhethri le-SALD zingaba nebanga eliphindwe kathathu kunelamamodeli anamandla kakhulu asemakethe njengamanje. Isivinini sokulayisha kabusha singakhuphuka izikhathi ezinhlanu! UFrank Verhage, oyi-CEO yakwa-SALD, esungulwe ukumaketha lolu hlelo olusha, uthi ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-1000 2000 ezimotweni zasedolobheni kanye nama-sedan afinyelela ku-20. Lo mholi umanqikanqika ukubeka irekhodi lethiyori lokuzimela, kodwa unethemba lokuqinisekisa abashayeli. Ngisho nabashayeli bezimoto bezemidlalo basengaba namandla angu-30 noma 1000% ngemuva kokuhamba amakhilomitha angu-XNUMX XNUMX, esho.

Ezinye izindaba ezinhle ukuthi inqubo ye-SALD iyahambisana ne-chemistry ehlukene yamaseli akhona:

• I-NCA (i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-aluminium)
• I-NMC (nickel, manganese, cobalt)
• amabhethri e-electrolyte aqinile

Singabheja ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe budlula isigaba se-prototype, kanti i-SALD isivele ithi ixoxisana nabakhi bezimoto abathile.