Ingabe i-US Air Force ibhekene "nembobo yokuzingela"?
Unyawo. USAF
Umbutho Wezempi Wasemoyeni wase-US kanye ne-US Navy Air Force okwamanje babhekene nebutho eliguga ngokushesha lamasosha esizukulwane sesine afana ne-F-15, F-16 kanye ne-F/A-18. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo lwe-F-35 lwesizukulwane sesihlanu, oluye lwabambezeleka okungenani iminyaka embalwa futhi lubhekene nezinkinga eziningi, alukwazi ukuletha izindiza ezintsha ngesikhathi. Isipoki salokho okuthiwa umgodi wokuzingela, i.e. isimo lapho ama-fighters asebegugile kakhulu kuyodingeka ahoxiswe, futhi igebe eliwumphumela alikwazi ukugcwaliswa nganoma yini.
Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, i-United States Air Force (USAF) kanye ne-US Navy Air Force bebelokhu behileleka cishe njalo ezingxabanweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlomile ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kule minyaka eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, ukuguga kwezindiza zokulwa zase-US kukhule kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezilwi ezihlukene enza imisebenzi eminingi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-fighters asemoyeni, impilo yawo yesevisi ifushane kakhulu kuneyamasosha asekelwe phansi, futhi asetshenziswe (futhi) asetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izingxabano ezihlomile eziholwa yi-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezindiza zokulwa ngabantu baseMelika emisebenzini yamaphoyisa, njengengxenye yalokho okubizwa. ukukhombisa amandla, ukuvimbela, ukusekela ababambisene nabo, kanye nezivivinyo zezempi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuphahlazeka kwangomhla zi-2 kuNovemba 2007, eMissouri kungase kube inkomba yalokho okungase kubhekwe ngezindiza zokulwa zesizukulwane sesine esezikhathele. Phakathi nendiza yokuqeqeshwa, i-F-15C evela ku-131st Fighter Wing yahlukana ngokoqobo emoyeni ngenkathi yenza amanoveli ajwayelekile. Kuvele ukuthi imbangela yengozi ukuphuka kwe-fuselage stringer ngemuva nje kwe-cockpit. Wonke umkhumbi wamabhomu e-F-15A / B, F-15C / D kanye ne-F-15E wamiswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasheke awazange aveze noma yiziphi izinsongo kwamanye amakhophi e-Fifteen. Isimo sase sihluke ngandlela thize endizeni yasolwandle. Ukuhlolwa kwezilwi ze-F/A-18C/D kubonise ukuthi izingxenye eziningi zingaphansi kokuguga okukhulu. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona, isibonelo, okushayela umsila ovundlile.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lwe-F-35 lwe-fighter lube nokubambezeleka okwengeziwe. Iziphakamiso ezinethemba zenziwa ngo-2007 zokuthi i-US Marine Corps izoqala ukuthola i-F-35B ngo-2011. I-F-35A yayizongenela isevisi ne-US Air Force ngo-2012, njengoba kwakunjalo ne-US Navy airborne F-35C. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwaqala ukukhipha isabelomali sePentagon esivele sincipha. I-US Navy yakwazi ukuthola imali yokuthenga ama-F/A-18E/F amasha, aqala ukuthatha indawo ye-F/A-18A/B ne-F/A-18C/D engasasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, i-US Navy yayeka ukuthenga i-F / A-18E / F ngo-2013, futhi ukungena enkonzweni ye-F-35C kuhlehliselwe, njengoba sekwaziwa kakade, ngo-Agasti 2018. F / A- 18Cs / D, eminyakeni ezayo, ibutho lasolwandle lizoqeda kusuka ku-24 kuya ku-36 fighters.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-US Air Force ayisongelwa ngokushoda "okungokomzimba" kwamasosha, kodwa kunalokho "imbobo" emandleni okulwa ayo yonke imikhumbi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngo-2011 kwamiswa ukukhiqizwa 22 F-195A fighters isizukulwane sesihlanu. I-F-22A bekufanele ingene kancane kancane esikhundleni sezilwi asebekhulile ze-F-15A/B/C/D. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu, i-US Air Force kwadingeka yamukele okungenani ama-381 F-22As. Le mali izokwanela ukuhlomisa amaqembu ayishumi alandelanayo. Imikhumbi ye-F-22A yayizokwengezwa yizilwi ze-F-35A ezinendima eminingi, esikhundleni samasosha e-F-16 (kanye nendiza yokuhlasela i-A-10). Ngenxa yalokho, i-US Air Force yayizokwamukela ibutho lezempi lesizukulwane sesihlanu lapho ama-F-22A air superiority fighters ayezosekelwa yimishini ye-F-35A enezindima eziningi emoyeni ukuya phansi.
Ngenxa yenani elinganele lama-F-22A fighters kanye nokubambezeleka ekungeneni kwesevisi ye-F-35A, i-Air Force yaphoqeleka ukuthi yakhe umkhumbi wesikhashana ohlanganisa isizukulwane sesine nesesihlanu. Ama-F-15 agugile nama-F-16 kuzodingeka athuthukiswe ukuze asekele futhi ahambisane nemikhumbi emikhulu ye-F-22A kanye nemikhumbi ye-F-35A ekhula kancane.
Izinkinga zasolwandle
I-US Navy yaqeda ukuthengwa kwe-F / A-18E / F Super Hornet fighters ngo-2013, yehlisa i-oda lamayunithi angu-565. AmaHornets amadala angu-314 F/A-18A/B/C/D asasebenza ngokusemthethweni. Ukwengeza, i-Marine Corps ine-229 F / A-18B / C / D. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yamaHornets ayisebenzi, njengoba ibhekana nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa nokuvuselela. Ekugcineni, ama-F/A-18C/D eNavy aseguge kakhulu azothathelwa indawo ngama-F-369C amasha angu-35. Amasosha Asolwandle afuna ukuthenga ama-67 F-35Cs, azophinde athathe indawo yamaHornets. Ukubambezeleka kohlelo kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali bekusho ukuthi ama-F-35C okuqala kufanele alungele ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 2018.
Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwe-F-35C ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kube ngama-20 ngonyaka. Njengamanje, i-US Navy ithi ngenxa yezizathu zezezimali, bangathanda ukunciphisa izinga lokuthengwa kwe-F-35C ngisho namakhophi angu-12 ngonyaka. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale ngo-2020, ngakho-ke iqembu lokuqala le-F-35C elisebenzayo lizongena enkonzweni ngaphambi kuka-2022. I-Navy ihlela ukuba neqembu elilodwa lama-F-35C ophikweni lomoya lomthwali ngamunye.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusalela emuva okudalwe ukubambezeleka kohlelo lwe-F-35C, Ibutho Lezempi Lasemanzini lase-US lifuna ukukhulisa impilo yesevisi okungenani engu-150 F/A-18Cs isuka emahoreni angu-6 iye emahoreni ayi-10 ngaphansi kwe-SLEP (Uhlelo Lwesandiso Sokuphila). Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Navy ayikaze ithole uxhaso olwanele lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-SLEP. Kwakukhona isimo lapho ama-fighters angu-60 kuya ku-100 F / A-18C ayenamathele ezitshalweni zokulungisa kungenalo ithemba lokubuyela ngokushesha enkonzweni. Umyalo we-US Navy uthi ngesikhathi se-SLEP bazofuna ukuthuthukisa i-F / A-18C evuselelwe kabusha. Uma isabelomali sivuma, uhlelo luwukuhlomisa ama-Hornets ngerada ye-antenna eskeniwe nge-elekthronikhi, isixhumanisi sedatha esihlanganisiwe se-Link 16, izibonisi zemibala ezinemephu yedijithali ehambayo, uMartin Becker Mk 14 NACES (Naval Aircrew Common Ejektor Seat) izihlalo zokukhipha, nesigqoko. -isistimu ekhweziwe. ukulandelela nokuqondisa i-JHMCS (I-Joint Helmut-Mounted Cueing System).
Ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-F/A-18C kusho ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi yokusebenza isithathwe ama-F/A-18E/F amasha, okwehlisa ngokungenakuvinjelwa ukuphila kwawo kwesevisi kuya ku-9-10. buka. NgoJanuwari 19 walo nyaka, i-Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) yamemezela uhlelo lwe-SLEP lokwelula impilo ye-F / A-18E / F fighter. Okwamanje akwaziwa ukuthi imininingwane yenkontileka izobukeka kanjani nokuthi umnqamulajuqu wokuphothula umsebenzi uzoba yini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kuzothinta ingemuva le-airframe enama-nacelles enjini kanye neyunithi yomsila. Ama-Super Hornets amadala azofinyelela umkhawulo wesi-6. amahora ngo-2017. Lokhu kuzoba okungenani unyaka nesigamu ngaphambi kwesimemezelo se-F-35C sokulungela ukusebenza kwangaphambi kokusebenza. Uhlelo lwe-SLEP lomlwi oyedwa luthatha isikhathi esingangonyaka. Ubude besikhathi sokukhanda buncike ezingeni lokugqwala kwe-airframe kanye nenani lezingxenye namaassemblies adinga ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa.
