I-Lockheed R-3 Orion Ingxenye 1

Ukundiza kwe-prototype YP-3V-1 kwenzeka ngoNovemba 25, 1959 enkundleni yezindiza yesitshalo i-Lockheed eBurbank, eCalifornia.

Maphakathi noMeyi 2020, i-VP-40 Fighting Marlins yaba yiqembu lokugcina lamasosha e-US Navy ukuthumela i-P-3C Orions. I-VP-40 iphinde yaqeda ukufakwa kabusha kwe-Boeing P-8A Poseidon. Ama-P-3C asasebenza namaqembu amabili agadayo agciniwe, ithimba lokuqeqesha, kanye nethimba lamasosha amabili e-US Navy. Ama-P-3C okugcina kufanele ayekwe ngo-2023. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, indiza ye-electronic reconnaissance ye-EP-3E ARIES II esekelwe ku-P-3C izophinde iqede umsebenzi wayo. Ngakho uphela umsebenzi yimpumelelo kakhulu P-3 Orion, eyamukelwa US Navy ngo-1962.

Ngo-August 1957, i-US Naval Operations Command (US Navy) yakhipha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi. imininingwane yohlobo lwendiza, No. 146. Ukucaciswa No. 146 kwakungeyendiza entsha yebanga elide egada asolwandle ezothatha indawo yendiza yokugada i-Lockheed P2V-5 Neptune eyayisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi kanye nezikebhe ezindizayo zika-Martin P5M-2S Marlin. Idizayini entsha bekufanele inikeze umthamo omkhulu wokulayisha, isikhala esengeziwe sezinhlelo zokuvikela umkhumbi ongaphansi kwamanzi (ASD), kanye nesikhala esengeziwe sokulawula izinto ezisebhodini, ububanzi obuningi, indawo yokusebenza kanye nobude besikhathi bendiza uma kuqhathaniswa ne-P2V- . ezinhlanu. Abafake izicelo kubalwa u-Lockheed, Consolidated noMartin, bobathathu abanolwazi olunzulu lokwakha izindiza ezigada olwandle. Ekuqaleni, ngenxa yobubanzi obungenele, isiphakamiso se-French Breguet Br.5 Atlantique (naso esinikezwa amalungu e-European NATO njengomlandeli wendiza ye-Neptune) sahoxiswa. Kwaba sobala ukuthi Umbutho Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-US wawufuna idizayini enkulu, mhlawumbe enezinjini ezine.

I-R-3A yeqembu le-VP-47 iqhumisa amarokhethi angama-127-mm angaqondisiwe "i-Zuni" evela eziqhumeni ezingaphansi ezinemigqomo eminingi.

U-Lockheed wabe esehlongoza umklamo owawuwukuguqulwa kwendiza yendiza ye-L-85A Electra enezinjini ezine, izihlalo ezingu-188. Inikwe amandla izinjini ezifakazelwe ze-Allison T56-A-10W ze-turboprop (amandla aphezulu 3356 kW, 4500 hp), i-Elektra igqame ngesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba ezindaweni eziphakeme ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nezici zendiza ezinhle kakhulu ngesivinini esiphansi nesiphansi ngakolunye. . esinye isandla. Konke lokhu ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okumaphakathi, okuhlinzeka ngebanga elanele. Indiza yayinama-nacelles enjini amise okwephiko namapayipi amade. Lo mklamo uholele ekutheni i-turbine ye-turbine ikhiphe amandla angeziwe angamaphesenti ayisikhombisa. Izinjini bezishayela iHamilton Standard 54H60-77 ophephela bensimbi abanobubanzi obungu-4,1 m.

Ngeshwa, i-Electra ayizange izuze impumelelo yezentengiselwano ebilindelwe ngenxa yenkinga yamandla ephiko. Kube nezingozi ezintathu ze-L-1959A ngo-1960-188. Uphenyo lubonise ukuthi "i-oscillatory flutter" yophiko yimbangela yokuphahlazeka okubili. Idizayini yokukhweza yamamotho angaphandle ibibuthakathaka kakhulu ukudambisa ngokwanele ukundindizela okubangelwa itorque yawo enkulu. Ama-oscillations adluliselwa eziphondweni zamaphiko aholele ekukhuphukeni kwawo okukhuphukayo mayelana ne-eksisi eqondile. Lokhu-ke, kwaholela ekuwohlokeni kwesakhiwo nokuhlukana kwaso. U-Lockheed ngokushesha wenza izinguquko ezifanele ekwakhiweni kwephiko kanye nezinsimbi zenjini. Lezi zinguquko sezenziwe kuwo wonke amakhophi asekhishiwe. Lezi zenzo, nokho, zehlulekile ukuhlenga isithunzi esibi se-Elektra, futhi izindleko zokwenza izinguquko namacala ekugcineni zavala isiphetho sendiza. Ngo-1961, ngemva kokwakha amayunithi angu-170, i-Lockheed yayeka ukukhiqizwa kwe-L-188A.

Ithuthukiswe yi-Lockheed yohlelo lwe-US Navy, i-Model 185 igcine amaphiko, izinjini, nomsila we-L-188A. I-fuselage yafushaniswa ngamamitha angu-2,13 (esigabeni sangaphambi kwephiko), okwanciphisa kakhulu isisindo sonqenqema lwendiza. Ngaphansi kwe-fuselage kukhona indawo yebhomu, evalwe ngomnyango ophindwe kabili, futhi ngaphansi kwe-fuselage kunezimbobo ezine zokukhishwa kwama-acoustic buoys. Indiza bekufanele ibe nezindawo eziyishumi zokunamathisela izikhali zangaphandle - amathathu ngaphansi kwephiko ngalinye namabili ngaphansi kwe-fuselage yephiko ngalinye. Amaphaneli ayisithupha okucwebezela kwe-cockpit ashintshwa kwafakwa amahlanu amakhulu, athuthukisa ukubonakala kwabasebenzi kanye nasendaweni yabasebenza kuyo i-Electra. Wonke amafasitela ekhompathi yabagibeli akhishiwe kwafakwa amawindi amane okubuka ama-convex - amabili nhlangothi zombili ngaphambili kwe-fuselage namabili nhlangothi zombili ngemuva.

Umnyango wokuphuma ezimweni eziphuthumayo oholela emaphikweni (onamafasitela) ezinhlangothini zombili ze-fuselage uyalondolozwa, umnyango wesokunxele uguqulwa ubheke emaphethelweni alandelanayo ephiko. Umnyango wangaphambili wesokunxele womgibeli ususiwe, kwasala umnyango ongemuva kwesokunxele kuphela njengomnyango wangaphambili wendiza. Ikhala lekhala le-Electra lithathelwe indawo entsha, enkulu futhi ekhomba ngaphezulu. I-magnetic anomaly detector (DMA) ifakwe ekugcineni kwesigaba somsila. Umtshina kanye ne-mount 3,6 m ubude, ngakho-ke ubude obuphelele be-Orion buyi-1,5 m ubude kune-Electra. Ngomhla zingama-24 kuMbasa, 1958, iLockheed Model 185 yakhethwa yi-US Navy ukuthi ibhide indiza entsha yokuqapha.

I-prototype yokuqala yesikhathi esizayo "i-Orion" yakhiwe ngesisekelo seyunithi yesithathu yokukhiqiza "Electra". Yayine-fuselage yasekuqaleni engafinyeziwe, kodwa ifakwe izinto zokuhlekisa zebhomu bay kanye ne-VUR. Bekuyisampula edizayinelwe ukuhlolwa kwe-aerodynamic. I-prototype, eyathola inombolo yokubhalisa yomphakathi i-N1883, yaqala ukundiza ngo-Agasti 19, 1958. Ngo-Okthoba 7, 1958, i-Navy yanikeza u-Lockheed inkontileka yokwakha i-prototype yokuqala esebenzayo, eqoke i-YP3V-1. Yakhiwe ngesisekelo se-N1883, eyabe ithola zonke izakhi, izinhlelo kanye nemishini ehlinzekwe yiphrojekthi. Indiza yaphinde yandiza ngoNovemba 25, 1959 eBurbank Lockheed, eCalifornia. Kulokhu i-YP3V-1 yayinenombolo yeserial ye-US Navy BuNo 148276. Umbutho Wezempi waqoka ngokusemthethweni umklamo omusha njenge-P3V-1.

Maphakathi nawo-1960, i-US Navy yanquma ukuqala ukwakha amayunithi ayisikhombisa angaphambi kochungechunge (BuNo 148883 - 148889). NgoNovemba, indiza yaqanjwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "i-Orion" ngokuhambisana nesiko lika-Lockheed lokuqamba izindiza ezihambisana nezinganekwane kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi. Ukundiza kwekhophi yokuqala yangaphambi kokukhiqizwa (BuNo 148883) kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 15, 1961 enkundleni yezindiza eBurbank. Kwabe sekuqala inkathi yokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-YaP3V-1 prototype kanye nokufakwa okuyisikhombisa kwangaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwe-P3V-1. NgoJuni 1961, i-Naval Aviation Test Center (NATC) yaqala isigaba sokuqala seNavy Preliminary Examination (NPE-1) e-NAS Patuxent River, eMaryland. I-prototype ye-YP1V-3 kuphela ebambe iqhaza esigabeni se-NPE-1.

Isigaba sesibili sokuhlola (i-NPE-2) sasihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwamayunithi okukhiqiza asebenzayo. I-Navy yaqeda ngo-Okthoba 1961, iqondisa umenzi ukuthi enze izinguquko ezincane zokuklama. Isigaba se-NPE-3 saphela ngoNdasa 1962, sivula indlela yokuhlolwa kokugcina nokuhlolwa komklamo (Ibhodi Lokuhlola, i-BIS). Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ama-P3V-1 amahlanu ahlolwe emfuleni i-Patuxent (BuNo 148884–148888) kwathi eyodwa (BuNo 148889) yahlolwa e-Naval Weapons Evaluation Centre (NWEF) e-Albux-Evaluquerque, eNew Mexico. Ekugcineni, ngo-June 16, 1962, i-P3V-1 Orions yamenyezelwa ukuthi isebenza ngokugcwele ne-US Navy squadrons.

P-3A

NgoSepthemba 18, 1962, iPentagon yethula uhlelo olusha lokumaka lwezindiza zempi. Igama le-P3V-1 labe selishintshwa laba i-P-3A. Imboni ye-Lockheed eBurbank yakha isamba esingu-157 P-3As. I-US Navy yiwona kuphela owamukela le modeli ye-Orion, engazange ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

I-R-3A yayineqembu labantu abangu-13, okuhlanganisa: umkhuzi womshayeli wendiza (KPP), umshayeli wendiza (PP2P), umshayeli wesithathu (PP3P), umxhumanisi we-tactical (TAKKO), i-navigator (TAKNAV), u-opharetha werediyo (RO), ideski lomakhenikha. ( FE1), umakhenikha wesibili (FE2), okuthiwa. opharetha wezinhlelo ezingezona i-acoustic, i.e. I-Radar ne-MAD (SS-3), ama-opharetha wesistimu ye-acoustic (SS-1 ne-SS-2), uchwepheshe osebenza ebhodini (BT) kanye nomkhandi wezibhamu (ORD). Uchwepheshe we-IFT wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqapha ukusebenza kanye nokwenza ukulungiswa kwamanje kwezinhlelo kanye nemishini esebhodini (i-electronics), futhi umkhandi wezibhamu wayenomthwalo wemfanelo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukulungiselela nokulahla ama-acoustic buoys. Bekunezikhundla eziyisihlanu sezizonke - abashayeli bezindiza abathathu kanye nama-NFO amabili, i.e. Izikhulu zeNavy (i-TACCO ne-TACNAV) kanye nezikhulu eziyisishiyagalombili ezingathunywanga.

Igumbi elihlala izihlalo ezintathu lalihlala umshayeli, umshayeli owayehlezi kwesokudla sakhe kanye nonjiniyela wendiza. Isihlalo sikamakhenikha sasishwibeka futhi sasikwazi ukushibilika kumareyili abekwe phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, wayekwazi ukusuka esihlalweni sakhe (ngemuva kwe-cockpit, kusukela ohlangothini lwe-starboard) ukuze akwazi ukuhlala phakathi nendawo, ngokushesha ngemuva kwezihlalo zabashayeli bezindiza. Umshayeli wendiza bekuyi-Patrol Plane Commander (PPC). Ngemuva kwe-cockpit ohlangothini lwe-starboard kwakukhona indawo kamakhenikha wesibili, bese kuba yindlu yangasese. Ngemuva kwe-cockpit, ohlangothini lwechweba, kwakukhona ihhovisi lika-radio operator. Izikhundla zabo zazibekwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-hull ekuphakameni kwamafasitela okubuka. Ngakho, babekwazi futhi ukusebenza njengezibukeli. Engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-hull, ngakwesokunxele, kukhona indawo yokulwa ye-Tactical Coordinator (TAKKO). Kwakukhona iziteshi zokulwa ezinhlanu eziseduze kwenye, kangangokuthi abaqhubi bahlala eceleni babheke indlela yendiza, ebheke ohlangothini lwechweba. Idokodo le-TACCO limi phakathi nendawo. Kwesokudla kwakhe kwakukhona osebenzisa irada esemoyeni kanye nesistimu ye-MAD (SS-3) kanye netilosi. Ngakwesokunxele se-TACCO bekukhona iziteshi ezimbili ezibizwa nge-acoustic sensor (SS-1 ne-SS-2).

Ama-opharetha ayehlala kuzo basebenza futhi balawula amasistimu e-echolocation. Amakhono omshayeli wendiza (i-CPC) kanye ne-TACCO ahlangene. U-TAKKO wayenomthwalo wemfanelo kuyo yonke inkambo nokusebenza komsebenzi, futhi nguye owabuza umshayeli isiqondiso sesenzo emoyeni. Empeleni, izinqumo eziningi zamaqhinga zenziwe yi-TACCO ngemuva kokubonisana ne-CPT. Nokho, lapho indaba yokuphepha kwendiza noma indiza isengozini, indima yomshayeli yaba yinhloko futhi wenza isinqumo, ngokwesibonelo, sokuwunqamula umsebenzi. Ohlangothini lwe-starboard, ngokuphambene neziteshi zomqhubi, kwakukhona amakhabethe anemishini kagesi. Ngemuva kwekhompatimenti ye-TACCO, ohlangothini lwe-starboard, kukhona ama-acoustic buoys. Ngemuva kwawo, phakathi nendawo, kunezimbobo ezintathu, isifuba esiphansi, usayizi A kanye nebhuya elilodwa, elingusayizi B, elisesimweni seshubhu eliphuma phansi. .

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