C-130 Hercules ezokuthutha izindiza eYurophu

I-Air Force ibe nendiza yokuthutha i-C-130E Hercules iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili manje; Njengamanje iPoland isebenzisa imishini emihlanu yalolu hlobo. Isithombe ngu-Piotr Lysakovski

I-Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules iyisithonjana sangempela sezempi yezokuthutha emoyeni futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhentshimakhi yeminye imiklamo yalolu hlobo emhlabeni. Amakhono nokuthembeka kwalolu hlobo lwendiza kuye kwaqinisekiswa iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza okuphephile. Isabathola abathengi, futhi amayunithi akhelwe ngaphambilini enziwa abesimanje futhi ayalungiswa, andisa impilo yawo yesevisi iminyaka elandelayo. Namuhla kunamazwe ayishumi nanhlanu ezwekazini lethu i-C-130 Hercules.

Austria

I-Austria inezindiza ezintathu zokuthutha okuphakathi kwe-C-130K, okwathi ngo-2003-2004 zatholwa esitokisini se-RAF futhi zathatha indawo yendiza yokuthutha ye-CASA CN-235-300. Basekela njalo umsebenzi wase-Austrian e-Kosovo futhi, uma kunesidingo, basetshenziselwa ukukhipha izakhamuzi ezindaweni ezisongelwa. Indiza etholwe yi-Austria iyinguqulo elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile izidingo zaseBrithani futhi imishini yayo ingaqhathaniswa nemishini yalolu hlobo ekukhetheni u-E no-H. Ngokusho kwensiza etholakalayo - ngemva kwesimanje - i-Austrian C-130K izokwazi ukuhlala isevisi okungenani kuze kube ngu-2025. Babika ku-Kommando Luftunterstützung futhi basebenza ngaphansi kwe-Lufttransportstaffel esuka ku-Linz-Hörsching Airport.

I-Austria inezindiza ezintathu zobukhulu obumaphakathi ze-C-130K ezithathwe esitokweni sezindiza zamasosha aseBrithani. Bazohlala besebenza kuze kube okungenani u-2025. I-Bandeshir

Belgium

Ingxenye yendiza yeBelgian Armed Forces ifakwe izindiza zokuthutha eziyi-11 C-130 ekulungiseni u-E (1) no-H (10). Kuma-C-130H ayishumi nambili aqale ukusebenza phakathi kuka-1972 no-1973, ayishumi asasebenza. Izimoto ezimbili zilahlekile emsebenzini; Ukuze kukhokhelwe ukulahlekelwa, iBelgium e-United States yathola enye inkampani yenethiwekhi ye-C-130E. Indiza yayihlala ilungiswa ngendlela ehleliwe futhi yayihlala yesimanje, kuhlanganise nokushintshwa kwamaphiko nama-avionics. Kulindeleke ukuthi bahlale besebenza kuze kube okungenani u-2020. I-Belgium ayizange inqume ukuthenga ama-C-130J amasha, kodwa yajoyina uhlelo lwe-Airbus Defense kanye ne-Space A400M. Sekukonke, kuhlelwe ukwethula imishini eyisikhombisa yalolu hlobo ohlwini. I-Belgian S-130s isebenza njengengxenye yeqembu lama-20 elisuka esikhungweni saseMelsbroek (iphiko le-15 lendiza yezokuthutha).

Denmark

IDenmark isinesikhathi eside isebenzisa i-C-130. Njengamanje, izindiza zezempi zaseDenmark zihlome ngezindiza ze-C-130J-30, i.е. inguqulo enwetshiwe yendiza yakamuva ye-Hercules. Ngaphambilini, amaDanes ayenezimoto ezi-3 zalolu hlobo enguqulweni ye-H, eyalethwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini elidlule. Aphinde athengiswa eGibhithe ngo-2004, esikhundleni sawo kwafakwa izindiza ezine ezintsha zokuthutha, ukuthunyelwa kwazo kwaphela ngo-2007. I-C-130J-30 enwetshiwe ingathatha ama-92 esikhundleni samasosha angu-128 anemishini yomuntu siqu. Iphiko Lezokuthutha Zomoya i-Aalborg Transport Wing (721 Squadron) ezinze esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Aalborg. Zisetshenziswa njalo ukusekela imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa i-Danish Armed Forces.

France

I-France ingomunye wabasebenzisi abakhulu be-C-130 eYurophu futhi njengamanje inezinhlobo ezingu-14 zenguqulo ye-H. Inguqulo yesi-French inguqulo enwetshiwe ye-C-130H-30 enobukhulu obufana ne-C-130- yakamuva. I-J-30s eya eqenjini le-02.061 "Franche-Comte", ibekwe esisekelweni se-123 Orleans-Brisy. Izimoto zokuqala eziyi-12 zamukelwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1987. Kwathengwa amanye amabili kamuva eZaire. I-French Air Force's C-130Hs ekugcineni izothathelwa indawo ama-A400Ms, amukelwa kancane kancane Umbutho Wasemoyeni WaseFrance futhi afakwe emsebenzini. Ngenxa yokubambezeleka kohlelo lwe-A400M, iFrance yayala ama-C-130 amane engeziwe (enenketho yokufaka amanye amabili) futhi yanquma ukwakha iyunithi ehlangene nezindiza zalolu hlobo neJalimane (kulo nyaka uhulumeni waseJalimane umemezele ukuthi uhlose ukuthenga. 6 C-130J nokulethwa ngo-2019). Ngaphezu kwenguqulo yezokuthutha ye-KC-130J, i-France iphinde yakhetha inguqulo yezokuthutha enezinjongo eziningi kanye ne-refueling ye-KC-130J (ngayinye ethengwe ngenani lezingcezu ezimbili).

Греция

AmaGreki asebenzisa i-C-130 ngezindlela ezimbili. Okudume kakhulu inguqulo H, enamakhophi angu-8, kodwa indiza ingenye yezinguquko zakuqala, i.e. B, zisasetshenziswa - kukhona ezinhlanu zazo esitokweni. Enguqulweni ethi "B" yendiza, ama-avionics avuselelwe ngokujwayela izindinganiso zesimanje. Ngaphandle kwezimoto zokuthutha, amaGreki anezindiza ezimbili ezengeziwe ze-electronic reconnaissance version eyisisekelo ye-H. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezimbili ze-H zalahleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Njengenguqulo engu-B, inguqulo ye-H nayo yenze ukuthuthukiswa kwe-avionics (zombili izinguqulo zashintshwa yi-Hellenic Aerospace Industry ngo-2006-2010). Indiza ye-C-130H yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1975. Kwathi ngeminyaka yawo-130s, kwathengwa ama-C-356B asetshenziswa e-USA. Bayingxenye ye-XNUMXth Tactical Transport Squadron futhi babekwe e-Elefsis Base.

ISpain

ISpain inezindiza eziyi-12 ze-S-130 ezilungiselelweni ezintathu. Amandla asekelwe kumayunithi ezokuthutha angu-130 ajwayelekile e-C-7H, enye yawo eyinguqulo enwetshiwe ye-C-130H-30, kanti amanye amahlanu inguqulo yokugcwalisa i-aerial ye-KC-130H. Indiza ihlanganiswe eqenjini lama-311 nelama-312 ukusuka ophikweni lwama-31 oluzinze eZaragoza. I-312 Squadron inesibopho sokugcwalisa amafutha emoyeni. Izindiza zaseSpain zimakwe i-T-10 yabasebenzi bezokuthutha kanye ne-TK-10 yamathangi. I-Hercules yokuqala yangena emgqeni ngo-1973. I-Spanish S-130s ithuthukisiwe ukuze ihlale kusevisi isikhathi eside. Ekugcineni, iSpain kufanele ishintshele ezindizeni zokuthutha ze-A400M, kodwa ngenxa yezinkinga zezimali, ikusasa lezindiza zokuthutha alicaci.

Ilayisha isiqukathi sezokwelapha ku-Spanish C-130. Ngaphansi kwerempu ungabona okuthiwa. isihlalo sobisi ukuvimbela ingaphambili lendiza ekuphakameni. Isithombe se-Spanish Air Force

Netherlands

I-Netherlands inezindiza ezi-4 zenguqulo ye-C-130 H, ezimbili zazo ziyinguqulo enwetshiwe. Indiza isebenza njengengxenye ye-336th Transport Squadron ezinze esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Eindhoven. I-C-130H-30 ya-odwa ngo-1993 futhi yomibili yalethwa ngonyaka olandelayo. Okubili okulandelayo kwayala ngo-2004 futhi kwathunyelwa ngo-2010. Indiza yanikezwa amagama afanele ngokuhlonipha abashayeli bezindiza ezibalulekile emlandweni wezwe: G-273 "Ben Swagerman", G-275 "Jop Müller", G-781 "Bob Van der Stock", G-988 "Willem den Toom". Izimoto zisetshenziselwa kakhulu imisebenzi yokusiza abantu kanye nokuqasha amaDashi ohambweni lwaphesheya kwezilwandle.

I-Netherlands inezindiza ezine zokuthutha i-Lockheed Martin C-130H Hercules, ezimbili zazo ezingabasebenzi bezokuthutha kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi. inguqulo enwetshiwe ye-C-130N-30. Isithombe nge-RNAF

Norwegia

AbaseNorway basebenzisa indiza yezokuthutha eyi-6 medium C-130 enguqulweni emfushane ye-H iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi banquma ukuyifaka esikhundleni sezindiza zesimanje zokuthutha ezinhlobonhlobo ze-J, enguqulweni enwetshiwe. I-C-130H yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1969 futhi yandiza kwaze kwaba ngu-2008. I-Norway ya-oda futhi yathola ama-C-2008J-2010 amahlanu ngo-130–30; enye yazo yaphahlazeka ngo-2012, kodwa ngawo lowo nyaka kwathengwa enye imoto yalolu hlobo ukuze ithathelwe indawo yayo. I-C-130J-30s ingeye-335 Squadron Gardermoen Air Base.

Poland

I-Air Force yethu isineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili isebenzisa abathuthi be-S-130 kunguqulo E. I-Poland inezimoto ezinhlanu zalolu hlobo ezinezinombolo zomsila kusuka ku-1501 kuya ku-1505 namagama afanele: "Queen" (1501), "Cobra" (1502), "Charlene" (1504 d.) kanye "Dreamliner" (1505). Ikhophi 1503 ayinaso isihloko. Bobahlanu bazinze endaweni yama-33 yendiza yezokuthutha e-Powidzie. Izimoto zithuthelwe kithi ngaphansi kohlelo lokusekela Uxhaso Lwezempi Yamazwe Angaphandle ezivela emadepho e-US Air Force futhi zalungiswa ngaphambi kokulethwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuqhubekayo ngokuphephile. Imishini iyaseviswa futhi iseviswe unomphela e-Powidzie kanye ne-WZL No. 2 SA e-Bydgoszcz. Kusukela ekuqaleni, zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ukusekela amabutho ahlomile asePoland emisebenzini yangaphandle.

IPortugal

Indiza yokuthutha yamaPutukezi i-C-130 Hercules. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba kwakukhona i-dome yokuzulazula nokubona, okuthiwa. i-astro dome. Isithombe Portuguese Air Force

I-Portugal inezinguqulo ezingu-5 C-130 H, ezintathu zazo eziyizinguqulo ezinwetshiwe. Bayingxenye ye-501st Bison Squadron futhi bazinze e-Montijo. I-Hercules yokuqala yangena e-Portuguese Air Force ngo-1977. Kusukela lapho, ama-Portuguese C-130Hs angene amahora angaphezu kuka-70 emoyeni. Ngonyaka odlule, kwalahleka umshini owodwa walolu hlobo, kanti owodwa kwemihlanu esele usesimweni esingalawuleki.

ERomania

I-Romania ingelinye lamazwe asebenzisa i-C-130 endala kakhulu ezwenikazi lethu. Njengamanje inama-C-130 amane, amathathu awo B kanye neyodwa i-H. Zonke izindiza zitholakala e-90th Air Transport Base esise-Henri Coanda International Airport eduze kwaseBucharest. Ngaphezu kwe-S-130, ezinye izimoto zokuthutha zaseRomania kanye nendiza kamongameli nazo zimi esisekelweni. Inguqulo yokuqala ye-S-130 B yalethwa kuleli ngo-1996. Eminye emithathu yethulwa eminyakeni eyalandela. Izindiza ezilungiswa B zivela esitokisini se-US Air Force, kuyilapho i-C-130H, etholwe ngo-2007, ngaphambili yayisebenza endizeni yase-Italy. Yize zonke zithuthukisiwe, zintathu kuphela ezindizayo, ezinye zigcinwe endaweni yase-Otopeni.

Enye yama-Romanian C-130Bs amathathu endizeni. Isithombe I-Romanian Air Force

ESweden

Leli zwe libe ngumsebenzisi wokuqala we-C-130 eYurophu futhi lisebenzisa imishini engu-6 yalolu hlobo, emihlanu yayo eyinguqulo yokuthutha ye-H kanye nenguqulo eyodwa yokugcwalisa i-aerial refueling, nayo ephuma kulo modeli. Sekukonke, izwe lamukele ama-Hercules ayisishiyagalombili, kodwa ama-C-130E amabili amadala, aqala ukusebenza ngawo-2014, ahoxiswa ngo-130. Ama-C-1981H aqale ukusebenza ngo-130 futhi masha futhi anakekelwa kahle. Abuye athuthukiswa. I-C-84 yase-Sweden imakwe ngokuthi TP 2020. Enye yezinkinga zabasebenzi bezokuthutha base-Swedish imithetho eqala ukusebenza ngo-8, eqinisa izimfuneko zemishini esemkhunjini lapho indiza endaweni yezindiza elawulwa umphakathi. NgoMeyi 2030 walo nyaka, kwanqunywa ukuthi kumiswe izinhlelo zokuthengwa kwezindiza ezintsha zokuthutha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalezi ezikhona. Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kuzobekwa ekwenziweni kwesimanje kwezindiza zezindiza, futhi ukusebenza kwazo kufanele kwenzeke okungenani kuze kube ngu-2020. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhleliwe kuzokwenziwa ngo-2024-XNUMX.

I-Swedish C-130H Hercules iguqulelwe ukugcwalisa emoyeni. Leli zwe libe ngelokuqala ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezindiza eYurophu. Isithombe Swedish Air Force

igalikuni

I-Turkey isebenzisa ukuguqulwa okudala kakhulu kwe-C-130B kanye ne-E. Ama-C-130B ayisithupha atholwe ngo-1991-1992, futhi ama-C-130E ayishumi nane afakwa ekusebenzeni ngezigaba ezimbili. Imishini yokuqala eyi-8 yalolu hlobo yathengwa ngo-1964-1974, eyisithupha elandelayo yathengwa eSaudi Arabia ngo-2011. Umshini owodwa ovela eqenjini lokuqala waphulwa ngo-1968. Yonke iyimishini ye-12th Main Air Transport Base ese- Idolobha laseSaudi Arabia, enkabeni ye-Anatolia, idolobha laseKayseri. Izindiza zindiza zisuka esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Erkilet International njengengxenye ye-222 Squadron, futhi isizinda samasosha ngokwaso siyisisekelo sezindiza ze-C-160, eziyekwa ukusebenza, kanye nendiza esanda kwethulwa i-A400M. Abantu baseTurkey benza izindiza zabo zibe zesimanje, bezama ukwandisa kancane kancane ukubandakanyeka kwemboni yabo kule nqubo, okuyisici esiyingqayizivele salo lonke ibutho laseTurkey.

Велька EBrithani

I-UK okwamanje isebenzisa i-C-130 kuphela enguqulweni entsha ye-J, futhi isisekelo sayo i-RAF Brize Norton (ngaphambilini, kusukela ngo-1967, imishini yalolu hlobo yayisetshenziswa kokuhlukile kuka-K). Indiza ijwayele izidingo zaseBrithani futhi inegama lendawo elithi C4 noma C5. Wonke amayunithi angama-24 athengiwe ayimishini evela ku-XXIV, 30 kanye nama-47 Squadrons, eyokuqala yawo eqeqeshelwa ukusebenza kwendiza i-C-130J kanye ne-A400M. Inguqulo ye-C5 iyinguqulo emfushane, kuyilapho ukuqokwa kwe-C4 kuhambisana "nesikhathi eside" se-C-130J-30. Izindiza zaseBrithani zalolu hlobo zizohlala zisebenza ne-RAF kuze kube okungenani ngo-2030, nakuba kwakuhlelelwe ukuthi zihoxiswe ngo-2022. Konke kuncike ejubaneni lokuthunyelwa kwendiza entsha i-A400M.

Indiza yaseBrithani i-C-130J Hercules itheleka e-US kulo nyaka ukuze ibambe iqhaza ekuqeqesheni umoya wamazwe ngamazwe we-Red Flag. Isithombe nge-RAAF

I-Italy

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingu-19 ze-Hercules J endizeni yezempi yase-Italy, ezintathu zazo okuyizindiza zamathangi ze-KC-130J, kanti ezinye ezinye ziyizindiza zokuthutha ezihamba phambili ze-C-130J. Bafakwa enkonzweni ngo-2000-2005 futhi bangamalungu e-46th Aviation Brigade evela ePisa San, beyimishini yeqembu lesi-2 nelesi-50. AmaNtaliyane anazo zombili ezokuthutha zakudala ze-C-130J nezimoto ezinwetshiwe. Okukhethwa kukho okuthakazelisayo kuklanyelwe ukuthutha iziguli ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo ngokuhlukaniswa kwazo okuphelele. Sekukonke, ukuthutha okungu-22 C-130J kwathengelwa indiza yezempi yase-Italy (bathathe indawo yendiza endala i-C-130H, eyokugcina eyahoxiswa kulayini ngo-2002), ezimbili zazo zalahleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngo-2009 nango-2014.

Isimo emakethe yaseYurophu

Mayelana nezindiza zokuhamba, imakethe yaseYurophu namuhla inzima kakhulu ku-Lockheed Martin, umkhiqizi we-Hercules edume. Ukuncintisana kwasekhaya sekunesikhathi eside kunamandla, futhi inselele eyengeziwe emikhiqizweni yase-US futhi ukuthi amazwe amaningana asebenza ndawonye ezinhlelweni zezindiza ezihlangene. Kwaba njalo nangendiza yokuthutha i-C-160 Transall, ephuma kancane kancane emgqeni womhlangano, kanye ne-A400M, esiqala ukusetshenziswa. Imoto yokugcina inkulu kune-Hercules futhi iyakwazi ukwenza izinto zokuhamba zamasu, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yamaqhinga, i-S-130 egxile kuyo. Isethulo saso ngokuyisisekelo sivala ukuthenga emazweni afana ne-UK, France, Germany ne-Spain.

Enye inkinga engathi sína yabathengi baseYurophu imali elinganiselwe yezikhali. Ngisho neSweden ecebile yanquma ukungathengi abathuthi abasha, kodwa ukuze bathuthukise ezikhona kakade.

Imakethe yezindiza ezisetshenzisiwe inkulu, esivumela ukuthi sinikeze amaphakheji okuthuthukisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nokugcina izindiza zikulungele ukulwa iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Namuhla, izindiza zimi emgqeni iminyaka engu-40 noma engu-50, okusho ukuthi umthengi uboshelwe kumenzi iminyaka eminingi kangaka. Kuphinde kusho okungenani ukuthuthukiswa okukodwa okukhulu kwendiza, kanye namaphakheji okushintsha angeziwe akhulisa amandla ayo. Yiqiniso, ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, indiza kufanele idayiswe kuqala. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokuntuleka kwama-oda amasha avela emazweni acebe kakhulu eYurophu, kusekhona ithemba leminyaka engaba yishumi nambili yokusekelwa kwezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe kakade.

Isixazululo esisodwa samazwe amancane adinga ukwenza imikhumbi yawo ibe yesimanje indlela yokwenza izinto eziningi. Uma isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezindiza, ingasebenza kahle kwezokuthutha zezindiza. Ukuthenga izindiza ezinamakhono akhawulelwe ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla nabantu kungaba nzima ukukuthethelela, ikakhulukazi uma okokusebenza kusasebenza. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka udaba ngokubanzi futhi unquma ukuthenga izindiza, ngaphezu kwamandla azo ezokuthutha, zizofaneleka ukugcwalisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, ukusekela ohambweni olukhethekile noma ukusekela inkundla yempi ezingxabanweni ze-asymmetric noma ohambweni lokuhlola, ukuthengwa kwe-C- Izindiza ezingu-130 zithatha incazelo ehluke ngokuphelele.

Konke, njengokujwayelekile, kuzoncika emalini etholakalayo futhi kufanele yehlele ekubaleni inzuzo engaba khona ekuthengeni ukuguqulwa okuqondile kwe-S-130. Izindiza ekucushweni kwezinhloso eziningi kufanele ngempela zibize kakhulu kunezinguquko ezijwayelekile zokuthutha.

Abathengi abangaba be-S-130

Amazwe asevele asebenzisa izinguqulo ezindala abukeka sengathi kungenzeka abemukeli bendiza entsha yokuthutha. Nakuba kukhona igebe phakathi kokuhluka kuka-J kusuka ku-H no-E, kodwa lokhu kuzoba ukuguqulwa kwenguqulo entsha, hhayi endizeni ehluke ngokuphelele. Ingqalasizinda izophinde, ngokomthetho, isilungele kakhulu ukuthwala imishini emisha. Njengoba sekushiwo, iSweden yaphuma eqenjini labathengi futhi yanquma ukuthuthukisa.

Iqembu abathengi nakanjani Poland, nesidingo izimoto ezine noma eziyisithupha. Elinye izwe elidinga ukushintshanisa izinto zalo zokuthutha yiRomania. Inamakhophi amadala kunguqulo B, nakuba iphakathi kwamazwe anezidingo eziphezulu kanye nesabelomali esilinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unezindiza ze-C-27J Spartan, okuthi nakuba zincane ngosayizi, zenza umsebenzi wazo kahle. Omunye umthengi okungenzeka ukuthi uthenge i-Austria, esebenzisa ama-C-130K wangaphambili wase-British. Isikhathi sabo sesevisi sinomkhawulo, futhi uma kubhekwa inqubo yokuguqulwa kanye nolayini wokulethwa, umnqamulajuqu wezingxoxo usesikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Endabeni yamazwe amancane njenge-Austria, kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa isixazululo sengxenye yezokuthutha ehlanganisiwe nelinye izwe esifundeni. NjengeRomania, iBulgaria iphinde yakhetha ama-Spartans amancane, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthola uhlobo olusha lwendiza yokuthutha ephakathi nendawo. IGreece ingase futhi ibe umthengi ongase abe umthengi we-S-130, kodwa izwe libhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zezezimali futhi lihlela ukwenza izindiza zayo zokulwa zibe zesimanje, kanye nokuthenga ama-anti-aircraft kanye ne-anti-missile air defense systems. I-Portugal isebenzisa ama-C-130Hs kodwa ivamise ukuthenga i-Embraer KC-390s. Kuze kube manje, akukho neyodwa inketho eqediwe, kodwa amathuba okuguqula imishini ye-H ibe yimishini engu-J alinganiselwa njengesipoki.

ITurkey ibonakala inamandla amakhulu. Inenqwaba yezindiza eziphelelwe yisikhathi zohlobo lwe-B kanye ne-C-160, nazo maduze nje ezizodinga ukushintshwa ngohlobo olusha. Isohlelweni lwe-A400M, kodwa amakhophi a-odiwe ngeke ahlanganise sonke isidingo sezindiza zokuthutha. Enye yezinkinga ngalokhu kuthenga kungase kube ukuwohloka kwakamuva kobudlelwane bobuzwe base-US-Turkish kanye nesifiso sokukhulisa ukuzimela kwemboni yabo yezempi.