Amasosha e-RSI alwa e-Anzio bridgehead
Ukusekelwa kodaka lwe-Italian 81mm ngesikhathi somlilo.
NgoJanuwari 22, 1944, e-Italy, eduze nedolobha lase-Anzio, ngemuva kwamayunithi aseJalimane, i-XNUMXth American Corps (eyabuye yasekelwa amasosha aseBrithani) yehlela ngaphansi komyalo kaGeneral John Lucas. Umgomo wabo wawuwukudlula izinqaba zoMzila weGustav, unqamule abavikeli bayo kulo lonke ibutho lamaJalimane e-Italy, futhi uvule umgwaqo oya eRoma ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Phambi kwabo bekukhona izingxenye ze-German XNUMXth Parachute Corps kaGeneral Alfred Schlermm kanye ne-LXXVI Panzer Corps kaGeneral Trugott Erra. AmaJalimane ekulweni namadlelandawonye ayesekelwa abalingani bawo base-Italy abavela eMbuthweni Wezempi wase-Italian Social Republic.
Ukuthunjwa kwe-Italy emabuthweni ase-Anglo-American ngoSepthemba 8, 1943 kwavusa ukusabela ngokushesha kweJalimane, okwaphula iSivumelwano Sensimbi esasibaxhumanisa ne-Italy futhi kwahlasela amasosha ase-Italy ayebekwe eningizimu yeFrance, eBalkan, eGreece nase-Italy uqobo. Amabutho ahlomile ase-Italy akhungatheka ngokushesha futhi iningi lezwe lawela ngaphansi kombuso wamaJalimane. Inkosi, uhulumeni kanye neningi lemikhumbi yasebukhosini bakhosela ezindaweni ezithathwe ama-Allies. NgoSepthemba 23, 1943, ezindaweni ezilawulwa yiJalimane, uBenito Mussolini, wakhululwa ngenxa yesenzo sesibindi sama-paratrooper aseJalimane, wamemezela izwe elisha - i-Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, RSI).
Ngaphezu kwamabutho aphansi - i-Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano (ENR) - umbuso kaMussolini, othembele kubalingani baseJalimane, wathumela ibutho le-Waffen-SS ukuba lilwe ohlangothini lwe-Third Reich, okwadlula kuyo abantu abangaba ngu-20 1944. izikhulu, izikhulu ezingagunyaziwe namasosha ("ngefomu eliphakeme" ngo-December 15, lalibalelwa ku-1944 abantu abangu-1). Ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwayo, iyunithi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Italienische Freiwilligen Verland (SS Legion Italiana), ngo-March 1 yahlelwa kabusha yaba yi-1. I-Italienische Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade (9a Brigata d'Assalto), ngoJuni ibe yi-1st Sturmbrigade Italienische Freiwilligen Legion, ngo-September kwaba kakade 1945th SS Grenadier Brigade (Italian No. 29), futhi ngo-March 1 division wadalwa ngaphansi kwegama 28th SS Grenadier Division (Italian No. 1943). Abakhuzi bayo kwakungalaba: kusukela zingama-28 Okthoba 6 SS-Brigadeführer Peter Hansen (phakathi kuka-1943 Okthoba no-10 Disemba 1944 eyalwa ngu-SS-Standartenführer uGustav Lombard), kusukela zingama-20 kuMeyi 1944 SS-Oberführer Otto Jungkuntz kanye no-10ftin SSstan XNUMX Agasti - XNUMX SStannürsten GüsterXNUMX SSXNUMX. Heldmann. U-Waffen Brigadeführer u-Pietro Manelli wayengumhloli wamayunithi ase-Italy e-Waffen-SS. Le yunithi ayizange isebenze njengokwakheka okuhlangene. I-Italian Legion ye-SS, eyakhiwe kusukela ku-Volunteer Legion of the Armed Militia (Milizia Armata), yayihlanganisa amasosha amathathu ahamba ngezinyawo kanye namasosha angu-XNUMX azimele ahamba ngezinyawo amiswe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene enyakatho ye-Italy.
Ngomhla ka-Okthoba 10, 1943, i-RSI (Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana, ANR) yadalwa. I-Folgore Parachute Regiment (Reggimento Paracadutisti "Folgore") nayo yayingaphansi komyalo we-Agricultural Property Agency. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, ephendula ucingo lukaColonel Ernesto Botto, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwamayunithi ezindiza. UBotto wayengumshayeli wezindiza wezempi, akazange ayeke ukundiza ngisho nangemva kokunqunywa komlenze wakhe. Yingakho athola igama elithi "Iron Leg". Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayazi kahle i-Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen (umphathi we-German Air Fleet 2), owathakazelisa umsebenzi wakhe nesibindi. Ngokushesha, abantu abangu-7 bahlangana ukuze bafake isicelo somphathi wezindiza ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezihlukahlukene. abashayeli bezindiza kanye nochwepheshe bezindiza. Ngaphandle kuka-Adriano Visconti, abashayeli bezindiza abanjengoHugo Drago, Mario Bellagambi kanye noTito Falconi, kanye nabadubuli bezindiza abadumile abanjengoMarino Marini (abahlengwe ngemuva kokudutshulwa bewela iMedithera abasebenzi besikebhe saseJalimane i-U-331 ngoFebhuwari 1942), uCarlo Fagioni, u-Irnerio Bertuzzi no-Ottone Sponza.
Ngohlelo lukaCapt. I-Carlo Fagioni, ithimba labaqhubi bebhomu be-torpedo lakhiwa esikhumulweni sezindiza saseFlorence, ekuqaleni lalihlanganisa izindiza ezi-3 ze-Savoia-Marchetti SM.79. Ngokushesha wayiswa eVenice futhi wahlonyiswa ngemishini engu-12 yohlobo olufanayo. Ngomhla lu-1 kuMasingana 1944, amaqembu amathathu e-Gruppo Autonomo Aeroiluranti "Buscaglia" afinyelela ukulungela ukulwa. Lolu phiko lwaqanjwa ngegama lomkhuzi we-281st Squadron futhi kamuva i-132nd Bombardment Squadron, uMajor V. Carlo Emanuel Buscaglia. Ngomhla zi-12 kuLwezi, 1942, wadutshulwa wabulawa isilwi saseSpitfire empini yokulwa nemikhumbi Yamazwe Ahlangene ethekwini laseBougi e-Algiers, kwathiwa ufile futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe waklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide ethi "For Valor". Bekhumbula yena, ozakwabo baqamba iyunithi entsha ngaye1.
I-Navy RSI (Marina Nazionale Repubblicana, MNR) yasungulwa ngoSepthemba 30, 1943. AmaJalimane ayengawathembi amadlelandawonye awo, ngakho-ke imikhumbi eminingi yase-Italy ayithumba (noma yacwila, yabe isiyiphakamisa futhi yakha kabusha) yangena enkonzweni ne-Kriegsmarine. ifulege, elinabakhuzi baseJalimane - nakuba kwezinye izingxenye kwakusekhona amatilosi ase-Italy (ezisebenzini). Ngalesi sizathu, ambalwa amayunithi afakwe ku-MNR. Imikhumbi eminingi kakhulu ye-RSI Navy kwakuyizikebhe ze-torpedo (6 ezinkulu nezingu-18 medium), ngaphezu kwalokho, yayinemikhumbi-ngwenya (3 medium, 1 emincane nemincane 14; kweyokugcina engu-5 eqhutshwa oLwandle Olumnyama), abazingeli bemikhumbi-ngwenya (6) -7 ), okungenani u-1 we-minesweeper kanye neshumi nambili (ishumi nambili?) Izikebhe zokuqapha ezisizayo. Laba bamuva babengaphansi kwe-German Port Guard Flotillas (Hafenschutzflottille) eVenice, eGenoa naseLa Spezia. Mhlawumbe okwesikhashana, i-MPR nayo yaba ne-corvette. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "imikhumbi emnyama" (okuthiwa imikhumbi ye-RSI) yayinezikhundla ezilwa nezindiza kubagibeli abasakhiwa: i-Caio Mario e-Genoa, i-Vesuvio ne-Etna e-Trieste.
