I-Volkswagen Tiguan - i-crossover enomqondo wokulinganisa
Okuqukethwe
IVolkswagen Tiguan ithatha indawo enkulu yama-compact crossovers futhi yenza inkampani nemikhiqizo efana neTouareg neTeramont (Atlas). Ukukhiqizwa kweVW Tiguan eRussia kwaphathiswa imboni yezimoto eKaluga, enemigqa yokuhlanganisa i-Audi A6 ne-A8. Ochwepheshe abaningi basekhaya bakholelwa ukuthi iTiguan iyakwazi ukuphinda impumelelo yePolo neGalofu eRussia futhi ize ibe yibhentshimakhi ekilasini layo. Iqiniso lokuthi isitatimende esinjalo asinasisekelo singabonakala ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlolwa.
Umlando omncane
I-prototype yeVolkswagen Tiguan ithathwa njengeGolf 2 Country, eyavela emuva ngo-1990 futhi ngesikhathi kwethulwa i-crossover entsha, i-Tiguan yabe isilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo. ISUV yesibili (engemuva kweTouareg) ekhiqizwe ngabakwaVolkswagen AG, isheshe yahlomula abathandi bezimoto emhlabeni jikelele ngohlelo lwayo lwezemidlalo olunomfutho, okuyinhlanganisela yezinga eliphezulu lokunethezeka ngobuchwepheshe besimanje. Ngokwesiko, abadali be-Volkswagen entsha abazange balwele ukubukeka okumangalisayo kakhulu: i-Tiguan ibukeka iqinile, inesitayela ngokusesilinganisweni, ihlangene, ingenawo ama-frills. Ithimba labaklami beliholwa u-Klaus Bischof, inhloko yesitudiyo sokuklama iVolkswagen.
Ukulungiswa kabusha kokuqala kwemoto kwenziwa ngo-2011, ngenxa yalokho, i-Tiguan yathola iziqephu ezingaphezulu zomgwaqo futhi yanezelwa ngezinketho ezintsha. Kuze kube ngu-2016, isitshalo saseKaluga senza umjikelezo ogcwele we-VW Tiguan: amakhasimende aseRussia anikezwa amamodeli ane-wheel drive egcwele nangaphambili, uphethiloli kanye nodizili, ngokungafani nemakethe yaseMelika, ethola kuphela uhlobo lukaphethiloli we Ukulinganisa kwenkampani Tiguan Limited
Ukubukeka, yiqiniso, kuthakazelisa kakhulu kunenguqulo yangaphambilini. Izibani zangaphambili ze-LED ziyinto ngempela. Abagcini nje ngokubukeka bebahle, kodwa futhi bakhanya kakhulu. Ukuqeda, ngokuvamile, ikhwalithi enhle. Ipulasitiki eqinile kuphela engxenyeni engezansi ye-cabin inamahloni (isivalo sebhokisi leglavu senziwe ngayo). Kodwa imishini yami ayiyona ehamba phambili kakhulu. Kodwa izihlalo zikhululekile, ikakhulukazi ezangaphambili. Ukulungiswa ngobuningi - kukhona ngisho nokusekelwa kwe-lumbar. Angikaze nakanye ngizizwe ngikhathele noma ngiba neqolo. Yiqiniso, ayengekho ama-dalnyak njengalokhu okwamanje. Isiqu siwusayizi ohloniphekile, awusikhulu kakhulu futhi awuncane kakhulu. Konke okudingayo kufakiwe. Kuphela esikhundleni se-dokatka yalolo hlobo lwemali babengase babeke isondo eligcwele eliyisipele. Ukuphatha kuhle kakhulu ku-crossover. Into ephakamisa imibuzo yisondo lokushayela - konke lokhu kungahambi kahle kuyizinkinga eziningi kunokuhle. I-motor iyashisa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iyonga kakhulu. Emjikelezweni ohlangene udinga amalitha angu-8-9 ngebanga elingu-100 km. Ngendlela yasemadolobheni kuphela, ukusetshenziswa, kunjalo, kuphakeme - amalitha ayi-12-13. Sengiwusebenzisa ngophethroli ongu-95 kusukela ngiwuthengile. Angikhonondi ngebhokisi - okungenani okwamanje. Isikhathi esiningi ngishayela nge-drive mode. Ngokubona kwami, ungcono kakhulu. Amabhuleki mahle kakhulu. Zisebenza ngokumangalisayo - ukusabela ekucindezeleni i-pedal kuyashesha futhi kucacile. Hhayi-ke, ngokujwayelekile, nakho konke ebengifuna ukukusho. Akuzange kube khona ukuphazamiseka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezine. Bekungadingeki ukuthi ngithenge noma ngishintshe izingxenye.
Imininingwane yeVolkswagen Tiguan
Njengoba ivele emakethe ngo-2007, iVolkswagen Tiguan yenza izinguquko ezimbalwa ekubukekeni kwayo futhi yanezela kancane kancane emishini yobuchwepheshe. Ukunikeza igama lemodeli entsha, ababhali benza umncintiswano, owanqotshwa umagazini we-Auto Bild, owahlongoza ukuhlanganisa "ihlosi" (ingwe) kanye "ne-iguana" (iguana) ngegama elilodwa. Iningi lamaTiguan athengiswa eYurophu, e-USA, eRussia, eChina, e-Australia naseBrazil. Kule minyaka engu-10 ikhona, le moto ayikaze ibe "umholi wezokuthengisa", kodwa ibilokhu iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezifunwa kakhulu kwaVolkswagen. I-VW Tiguan ikleliswe njengeyodwa ephephe kunazo zonke iSmall Off-Road esigabeni yi-Euro NCAP, i-European New Car Assessment Programme.. Ngo-2017, i-Tiguan yathola umklomelo we-US Highway Safety Institute's Top Safety Pick yase-US. Zonke izinguqulo ze-Tiguan zazifakwe kuphela ama-powertrains ane-turbocharged.
Ingaphakathi nangaphandle kweVW Tiguan
Isizukulwane sokuqala iVolkswagen Tiguan yethulwe ngamaleveli okunquma amaningana aklanyelwe izimakethe zamazwe ahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo:
- e-US, S, SE, kanye namazinga we-SEL ahlinzekwa;
- e-UK - S, Match, Sport and Escape;
- eCanada - Trendline, Comfortline, Highline kanye neHighline;
- e-Russia - Okuthrendayo Nokuzijabulisa, Ezemidlalo Nesitayela, kanye ne-Track and Field.
Kusukela ngo-2010, abashayeli baseYurophu baye banikezwa inguqulo ye-R-Line.
Imodeli yeVW Tiguan Trend&Fun ifakwe:
- Indwangu ekhethekile "takata" ye-upholstery yokuhlala;
- amakhanda okuphepha ezihlalweni ezingaphambili;
- izithibelo zekhanda ezijwayelekile ezihlalweni ezintathu ezingemuva;
- isiteringi esinamasondo amathathu.
Ukuphepha ngenkathi ushayela kunikezwa:
- amabhande ezihlalo afakwe ezihlalweni zangemuva ngamaphuzu amathathu;
- i-alamu yamabhande ezihlalo angafaswa;
- ama-airbag angaphambili angaphambili anomsebenzi wokuvala shaqa esihlalweni somgibeli;
- uhlelo lwe-airbag oluvikela amakhanda omshayeli nabagibeli abavela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene;
- i-aspheric ngaphandle kwesibuko somshayeli;
- isibuko sangaphakathi esine-auto-dimming;
- ukulawula ukuzinza kwe-ESP;
- immobilizer, ASB, ukukhiya umehluko;
- ngemuva kwewindi wiper.
Ukunethezeka komshayeli nabagibeli kufinyelelwa ngenxa:
- ukulungiswa kwezihlalo zangaphambili ukuphakama kanye ne-angle yokuthambekela;
- ithuba lokuguqula isihlalo sangemuva esiphakathi sibe itafula;
- ama-coasters;
- ukukhanya kwangaphakathi;
- amafasitela kagesi emafasiteleni eminyango yangaphambili nangemuva;
- izibani ze-trunk;
- ikholomu yokuqondisa yokufinyelela elungisekayo;
- i-air conditioner Climatronic;
- izihlalo zangaphambili ezifudumalayo.
Ukubukeka kwemodeli kuyaqina, okungamangazi kuVolkswagen, futhi kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezinjengalezi:
- umzimba galvanized;
- amalambu enkungu angaphambili;
- i-chrome grille;
- ama-roof rails amnyama;
- obhampa abanemibala yomzimba, izibuko zangaphandle nezibambo zezicabha;
- ingxenye emnyama engezansi yobhampa;
- izinkomba zokuqondisa ezihlanganiswe ezibukweni zangaphandle;
- imishini yokuwasha
- Izibani Zokuqalisa Zasemini;
- amasondo ensimbi 6.5J16, amathayi 215/65 R16.
Iphakethe le-Sport & Style lifaka phakathi izinketho ezengeziwe kanye nokubukeka okushintshiwe kancane.. Esikhundleni sensimbi, kwavela amasondo angu-17 inch anengxubevange ekhanyayo, kwashintsha ukwakhiwa kobhampa, i-wheel arch extension, nombani we-chrome. Ngaphambili kukhona amalambu aguquguqukayo ama-bi-xen kanye namalambu e-LED daytime running. Izihlalo zangaphambili zinyuswe nge-sportier profile kanye ne-Alcantara upholstery eyenza umgibeli aqine uma ejika amakhona, okubalulekile emotweni ye-sports. I-Chrome inqume izinkinobho zokulawula iwindi lamandla, ukulungiswa kwesibuko, kanye nokushintsha kwemodi yokukhanya. Uhlelo olusha lwe-multimedia lunikeza amandla okuvumelanisa nama-smartphone kumapulatifomu e-Android ne-IOS.
Imojuli yangaphambili ye-Tiguan, ehlanganiswe ekucushweni kweTrack & Field, ine-engeli etshekile engu-28 degrees.. Le moto, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ifakwe:
- ukusiza umsebenzi lapho ushayela wehla futhi ukhuphuka;
- 16-intshi Portland ingxubevange amasondo;
- izinzwa zokupaka ezingemuva;
- inkomba yengcindezi yesondo;
- ikhampasi kagesi eyakhelwe esibukweni;
- ama-roof rails;
- i-radiator ye-chrome;
- izibani ze-halogen;
- ama-side pads;
- i-wheel arch ifaka.
Okwakudingeka kwaba imoto yesibili emndenini: crossover isabelomali ashukumisayo. Imfuneko eyinhloko ukuphepha, amandla, ukuphatha kanye nomklamo ohloniphekile. Of Novya spring kwaba kuphela lokhu.
Imoto ayinakho ukungezwani kahle komsindo - kuphoqe umthengisi ukuthi enze iShumkov ephelele mahhala njengesipho. Manje kuyabekezeleleka. Imoto inamandla, kodwa umsebenzi we-DSG ushiya okuningi okufanele ufune: imoto iyacabangela lapho isheshisa ekuqaleni: bese ishesha njenge-rocket. Kudingeka ukukhanyisa kabusha. Ngizoyinakekela entwasahlobo. Ukubamba okuhle kakhulu. Idizayini enhle kakhulu ngaphandle, kodwa iyabekezeleleka ngaphakathi, Ngokuvamile, imoto yesabelomali yezimali ezingezona isabelomali zedolobha.
Isisindo nobukhulu
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenguqulo ye-VW Tiguan ka-2007, ukuguqulwa okusha kushintshile ukuya phezulu: ububanzi, indawo evulekile, ubukhulu bethrekhi yangaphambili nangemuva, kanye nesisindo somgwaqo kanye nevolumu ye-trunk. Ubude, ubude, i-wheelbase kanye nevolumu yethangi likaphethiloli sekube kuncane.
Ividiyo: mayelana nokuqanjwa kabusha kwe-VW Tiguan 2016-2017
Ithebula: imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ye-VW Tiguan yokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene
| Характеристика | 2,0 2007 | 2,0 4Motion 2007 | 2,0 TDI 2011 | 2,0 TSI 4Motion 2011 | 2,0 TSI 4Motion 2016 |
| Uhlobo lomzimba | SUV | SUV | SUV | SUV | SUV |
| Inani leminyango | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Inombolo yezindawo | 5, 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ikilasi lemoto | J (i-crossover) | J (i-crossover) | J (i-crossover) | J (i-crossover) | J (i-crossover) |
| Indawo yokuqondisa | kwesokunxele | kwesokunxele | kwesokunxele | kwesokunxele | kwesokunxele |
| Amandla enjini, hp nge. | 200 | 200 | 110 | 200 | 220 |
| Amandla enjini, l | 2,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| I-Torque, Nm/rev. ngomzuzu | 280/1700 | 280/1700 | 280/2750 | 280/5000 | 350/4400 |
| Inani lamasilinda | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Ukuhlelwa kwesilinda | emugqeni | emugqeni | emugqeni | emugqeni | emugqeni |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| I-Actuator | ngaphambili | kugcwele | ngaphambili | kugcwele | ngaphambili okungenzeka ukuxhuma ngemuva |
| I-Gearbox | 6 MKPP, 6 AKPP | 6 MKPP, 6 AKPP | 6MKPP | 6 ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo | 7 ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo |
| Amabhuleki angemuva | idiski | idiski | idiski | idiski | idiski |
| Amabhuleki angaphambili | idiski enomoya | idiski enomoya | idiski enomoya | idiski | idiski enomoya |
| Ijubane elikhulu, km / h | 225 | 210 | 175 | 207 | 220 |
| Ukusheshisa ku-100 km/h, imizuzwana | 8,5 | 7,9 | 11,9 | 8,5 | 6,5 |
| Ubude, m | 4,634 | 4,427 | 4,426 | 4,426 | 4,486 |
| Ububanzi, m | 1,81 | 1,809 | 1,809 | 1,809 | 1,839 |
| Ukuphakama, m | 1,73 | 1,686 | 1,703 | 1,703 | 1,673 |
| I-wheelbase, m | 2,841 | 2,604 | 2,604 | 2,604 | 2,677 |
| Ukucaciswa komhlaba, cm | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Ingoma yangaphambili, m | 1,53 | 1,57 | 1,569 | 1,569 | 1,576 |
| Ithrekhi yangemuva, m | 1,524 | 1,57 | 1,571 | 1,571 | 1,566 |
| Usayizi weTire | 215/65R16, 235/55R17 | 215/65R16, 235/55R17 | 235 / 55 R17 | 235 / 55 R18 | 215/65/R17, 235/55/R18, 235/50/R19, 235/45/R20 |
| Isisindo somgwaqo, t | 1,587 | 1,587 | 1,543 | 1,662 | 1,669 |
| Isisindo esigcwele, t | 2,21 | 2,21 | 2,08 | 2,23 | 2,19 |
| Isiqu somthamo, l | 256/2610 | 470/1510 | 470/1510 | 470/1510 | 615/1655 |
| Umthamo wamathangi, l | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 58 |
Akukho ukwethembeka kule moto. Lokhu kuwububi obukhulu kakhulu bemoto. Ekugijimeni kwe-117 t. Km, wenza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-160 ngenhloko-dolobha yenjini. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ukushintshwa kwe-clutch ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-75. Chassis amanye ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Ukushintsha ipompo ruble ayizinkulungwane 37. Iphampu evela ku-Haldex coupling ingenye ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-25. Ibhande elivela ku-generator kanye nama-roller lingenye i-ruble eyizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Futhi emva kwakho konke lokhu, kusadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali. Zonke lezi zinkinga zibhekwa ngobuningi. Zonke izinkinga zaqala ngemva konyaka wesithathu wokusebenza. Okusho ukuthi, isiqinisekiso sadlula futhi safika. Kulabo abanethuba lokushintsha izimoto njalo eminyakeni engu-2,5 (isikhathi sewaranti), kulokhu, ungathatha.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ingaphambili lezinhlobo zeVW Tiguan zango-2007 bezizimele, iMacPherson system, ngemuva bekuyi-asi entsha. Ukulungiswa kuka-2016 kuza ne-self-spring front kanye ne-suspension yangemuva ezimele. Amabhuleki angemuva - i-disc, i-front - i-ventilated disc. I-Gearbox - isuka ku-6-speed manual ukuya ku-7-position automatic.
I-Powertrain
Injini yesizukulwane sokuqala iVW Tiguan imelwe uphethiloli onamandla asuka ku-122 kuya ku-210 hp. Nge. ivolumu kusuka ku-1,4 kuya ku-2,0 amalitha, kanye nezinjini zikadizili ezinamandla angu-140 kuya ku-170 amalitha. Nge. umthamo 2,0 amalitha. I-Tiguan yesizukulwane sesibili ingafakwa enye yezinjini zikaphethiloli ezinamandla angu-125, 150, 180 noma 220 hp. Nge. ivolumu kusuka ku-1,4 kuya ku-2,0 amalitha, noma injini ye-diesel enamandla amalitha angu-150. Nge. umthamo 2,0 amalitha. Umkhiqizi unikeza ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwenguqulo yedizili ye-TDI ka-2007: amalitha angu-5,0 ngebanga elingu-100 km - emgwaqeni omkhulu, amalitha angu-7,6 - edolobheni, amalitha angu-5,9 - kwimodi exubile. Injini kaphethiloli 2,0 TSI 220 l. Nge. Isampula ye-4Motion ka-2016, ngokusho kwedatha yepasipoti, idla amalitha angu-6,7 ngebanga elingu-100 km emgwaqweni omkhulu, amalitha angu-11,2 edolobheni, amalitha angu-8,4 kwimodi exubile.
2018 VW Tiguan Limited
Eyethulwe ngo-2017, i-VW Tiguan yangowezi-2018 ibizwa nge-Tiguan Limited futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nentengo ngokuncintisana kakhulu (cishe ama-dollar angu-22). Inguqulo yakamuva izohlonyiswa ngokuthi:
- wonke amasondo;
- amasondo ensimbi angu-16 intshi;
- upholstery wendwangu;
- izihlalo zamabhakede ezilungisekayo;
- izihlalo zangemuva ezihlukanisiwe;
- I-Metallic Anthracite yangaphakathi yokunquma;
- 200-amahhashi turbocharged TSI injini kaphethiloli;
- 6-isikhundla automatic gearbox;
- ama-airbag ayisithupha;
- Uhlelo lokusabalalisa amabhuleki kagesi lwe-EBD;
- i-hydraulic ehambisana namabhuleki e-HBA;
- i-electronic stability control ESC;
- isistimu yokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo ehlakaniphile i-ICRS.
Ngaphezu kwenguqulo eyisisekelo, iphakethe le-Premium liyatholakala, okuzothi ngenani elingeziwe lama- $ 1300 lifakwe:
- Isikrini esithintwayo esingu-6,33-inch Infotainment System, umsakazo ojwayelekile kanye nesethelayithi, isistimu yedatha yomsakazo we-RDS, i-Apple CarPlay ne-Android Auto enesikrini esibukweni;
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-iPod/USB, i-slot yekhadi le-MicroSD, i-jack audio eyisizayo, i-Bluetooth Streaming Audio;
- i-VW Kessy yokuqala engenakhiye;
- i-cruise control;
- multifunctional lesikhumba isondo lokuqondisa.
Komunye u-$500, amasondo angu-16 inch angakwazi ukushintshwa kufakwe angu-17 inch.
Ividiyo: izinzuzo zeVolkswagen Tiguan entsha
Uphethiloli noma udizili
Kumuntu othanda imoto yaseRussia, isihloko sokukhetha uphethiloli noma injini yedizili sihlala sibalulekile, futhi iVolkswagen Tiguan inikeza ithuba lokukhetha okunjalo. Lapho uthatha isinqumo esivuna injini ethile, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi:
- intengo yokuqala yezimoto ezinezinjini zikadizili, ezinye izinto ziyalingana, ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli;
- ukukhethwa kwamamodeli anezinjini zikaphethiloli kubanzi kunodizili;
- injini ye-diesel ine-torque eyengeziwe, injini ye-petroli inamandla amaningi (ku-hp), ngakho-ke injini ye-diesel "idonsa" kakhulu, futhi injini ye-petroli "i-frisky" kakhulu;
- ilitha elilodwa likaphethiloli we-diesel liqukethe amandla amaningi kunelitha likaphethiloli, ngokulandelana, uphethiloli we-diesel uyonga kakhulu;
- izimoto ezinezinjini zikadizili zidala umsindo nokudlidliza okwengeziwe;
- injini ye-diesel ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuqala esimweni sezulu esibandayo, futhi uma uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi ungena enjini enjalo, ukulungiswa okubizayo kungase kudingeke;
- iyunithi ye-diesel ihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamafutha asetshenzisiwe, idinga ukushintshwa okuphindaphindiwe kwama-gaskets nezihlungi;
- izinjini zikadizili zinobungani nemvelo.
I-Tiguan yami inenjini engu-150 hp. Nge. futhi lokhu kwanele kimi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo angishayeli ngokuthula (uma ngidlula emgwaqweni omkhulu ngisebenzisa i-downshift) futhi ngidlule ngokuphepha amaloli. Ngifuna ukubuza abanikazi besizukulwane sesibili se-Tiguans: akekho kini owabhala mayelana nama-wipers (akunakwenzeka ukuphakamisa ingilazi - i-hood iphazamisa), ukuthi i-radar kanye nezinzwa zokupaka zisebenza kanjani (kwakungekho zikhalazo lapho usebenzisa imoto. enkathini eyomile, kodwa lapho kuneqhwa nokungcola kubonakala emgwaqweni - ikhompyutha yemoto yaqala ukunikeza njalo ukuthi kokubili i-radar kanye nezinzwa zokupaka zazingalungile. Ikakhulukazi izinzwa zokupaka ziziphatha ngokuthakazelisayo: ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-50. / h (noma ngaphezulu) baqala ukukhombisa ukuthi kuvele isithiyo emgwaqeni.Ngishayele ngiye kubathengisi abasemthethweni e-Izhevsk, bageza imoto ebhuqwini kwasuka konke.Embuzweni wami ukuthi ngenzenjani?Baphendula ukuthi udinga ukuphuma njalo futhi ugeze kokubili i-radar kanye nezinzwa zokupaka!Chaza, ingabe "uyasula" izinsimbi noma kukhona okunye okuthuthukisiwe?Wacela ukunciphisa ukuzwela kwezinsimbi, bangiphendula ukuthi banazo akuwona amagama ayimfihlo noma amakhodi okushintsha ukulawulwa kwamadivayisi (okusolakala ukuthi umenzi akanikezi). elk ukushintsha amathayi kuphela ngoba umsabalalisi, futhi, akanalo ikhono lokucisha ikhompyutha. kusukela kuzinzwa ezibonisa umfutho wesondo futhi zizobonisa njalo ukungasebenzi kahle. Phikisa lolu lwazi ngamaqiniso angempela engingeza ngawo kumsabalalisi futhi ngibonise ukungakwazi kwabo. Ngikubonga kusengaphambili.
IVolkswagen Tiguan ibukeka ibalulekile futhi inazo zonke izimpawu zeSUV. Ngemuva kwesondo lemoto, umshayeli uthola ulwazi olwanele nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe, izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha nokunethezeka. Ochwepheshe abaningi babheka isici esivamile kakhulu se-Tiguan njengomqondo wokulinganisa, futhi lokhu, njengoba wazi, kuwuphawu lohlobo.
