Izimoto ze-Hydrogen ziyikusasa lemboni yezimoto. Zisebenza kanjani izimoto ze-hydrogen njengeToyota Mirai neBMW X5?

Izimoto ze-Hydrogen azikahlali endaweni eqinile emakethe. Bambalwa abakhiqizi abanquma ukugxila ngokuphelele ekuthuthukisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe. Umsebenzi usasebenza ikakhulukazi kumamotho kagesi kanye nezinjini zokuvutha zangaphakathi ezingangcolisi noma ezixubile. Naphezu kokuncintisana okuningi, izimoto ze-hydrogen ziyilukuluku. Yini okufanele ukwazi ngabo?

Amandla e-hydrogen asebenza kanjani?

Inzuzo enkulu yezimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen wubungane bazo bemvelo. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi ukuze ukwazi ukuzichaza ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha izimiso zokuvikelwa kwemvelo futhi ekukhiqizeni. 

Izimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen zisebenza ngendlela yokuthi ziphehle ugesi odingekayo ukuze imoto ihambe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yama-fuel cell afakiwe anethangi le-hydrogen eliphehla ugesi. Ibhethri likagesi lisebenza njengebhafa. Ukuba khona kwayo kulo lonke uhlelo lwenjini yemoto kuyadingeka, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusheshisa. Ingakwazi futhi ukumunca futhi igcine amandla e-kinetic ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. 

Inqubo eyenzeka enjinini ye-hydrogen 

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela enjini ye-hydrogen yemoto ngokwayo. I-fuel cell ikhiqiza ugesi nge-hydrogen. Lokhu kungenxa ye-reverse electrolysis. Ukusabela ngokwako ukuthi i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo osemoyeni kuyahlangana ukuze kwakhe amanzi. Lokhu kukhiqiza ukushisa nogesi ukushayela injini kagesi.

Amaseli amafutha ezimotweni ze-hydrogen

I-PEM fuel cell isetshenziswa ezimotweni ezine-hydrogen powered. I-polymer electrolytic membrane ehlukanisa i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ozungeze i-anode ne-cathode. I-membrane ingena kuphela kuma-ion e-hydrogen. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ku-anode, ama-molecule e-hydrogen ahlukaniswa abe ama-ion nama-electron. Ama-ion e-hydrogen abe esedlula ku-EMF aye ku-cathode, lapho ehlangana khona nomoya-mpilo wasemkhathini. Ngakho, bakha amanzi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-electron e-hydrogen awakwazi ukudlula ku-EMF. Ngakho-ke, badlula ocingweni oluxhuma i-anode ne-cathode. Ngale ndlela, ugesi uyakhiqizwa, oshaja ibhethri elidonsayo futhi oshayela imoto kagesi yemoto.

Iyini i-hydrogen?

Kubhekwa njengento elula, endala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo njengento evamile endaweni yonke. I-hydrogen ayinawo umbala noma iphunga elithile. Ivamise ukuba negesi futhi ilula kunomoya. Emvelweni, kwenzeka kuphela ngendlela eboshwe, isibonelo, emanzini.

I-Hydrogen njengophethiloli - itholakala kuphi?

Isici se-H2 sitholakala ohlelweni lwe-electrolysis. Lokhu kudinga okwamanje okuqondile kanye ne-electrolyte. Ngenxa yabo, amanzi ahlukaniswe abe izingxenye ezihlukene - i-hydrogen ne-oxygen. I-oksijeni ngokwayo yakheka ku-anode, ne-hydrogen ku-cathode. I-H2 imvamisa iwumkhiqizo wezinqubo zamakhemikhali, ukuhlanganiswa kwegesi yemvelo noma ukucwengwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe. Ingxenye ebalulekile yesidingo se-hydrogen ihlangabezana nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.

I-hydrogen evela emithonjeni evuselelekayo - yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa eziwela kuleli qembu?

Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithize ezingabizwa ngokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuselelekayo. Ukuze izimoto ze-hydrogen ne-fuel cell ziqhubeke, uphethiloli kufanele uphume emithonjeni efana nale:

• ama-photovoltaics;
• amandla omoya;
• amandla amanzi;
• amandla elanga;
• amandla e-geothermal;
• i-biomass.

Izimoto ze-Hydrogen - Toyota Mirai

IToyota Mirai ka-2022, kanye no-2021, ingenye yamamodeli avame ukukhethwa ngamakhasimende. I-Mirai inebanga elingafika ku-555 km kanye nenjini kagesi engu-134 kW etholakala ngemuva emotweni. Amandla akhiqizwa ngamaseli amafutha angaphakathi ebhodini atholakala ngaphansi kwendawo engaphambili yemoto. I-Hydrogen isetshenziswa njengamandla ayinhloko futhi igcinwe emathangini okuthiwa yi-cardan tunnel ngaphansi kwezihlalo ezingemuva. Amathangi abamba i-5,6 kg ye-hydrogen ku-700 bar. Ukwakhiwa kweToyota Mirai nakho kuyinzuzo - ukuklama imoto akuyona ikusasa, kodwa yakudala.

UMrai ijubane layo eliphezulu ligcina ku-100 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-9,2 kanti ijubane layo elikhulu ngu-175 km/h.. IToyota Mirai iletha amandla angashintshi futhi isabela kahle kakhulu ekuhambeni komshayeli - kokubili ukusheshisa nokubhuleka.

Hydrogen BMW X5 - imoto okufanele ukunakwa

Uhlelo lwezimoto olusebenza nge-hydrogen luhlanganisa namaSUV. Enye yazo iBMW X5 Hydrogen. Imodeli ekwakhiweni kwayo ayifani nabalingani bayo besithando somlilo ochungechungeni olufanayo. Amaphaneli okukhanya kuphela noma ukuklanywa kwamarimu kungase kuhluke, kodwa lokhu akukona ukungahambisani okuphawulekayo. Umkhiqizo womkhiqizo waseBavaria unamathangi amabili akwazi ukugcina igesi efinyelela ku-6 kg, kanye namaseli kaphethiloli anamandla afinyelela ku-170 hp. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iBMW ihlangene neToyota. Imodeli ye-X5 esebenza nge-hydrogen yakhiwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezimoto zenkampani yase-Asia ekhiqiza i-Hydrogen NEXT. 

Ingabe izimoto ze-hydrogen ziluhlaza ngempela?

Inzuzo enkulu yezimoto ze-hydrogen ukuthi zinobungani bemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi ngabe lokhu kunjalo kuncike kakhulu ekutheni i-hydrogen ikhiqizwa kanjani. Ngesikhathi lapho indlela eyinhloko yokuthola uphethiloli iwukukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo, ugesi, wona ngokwawo uyindawo ezungezile futhi ungenayo i-emission, awunciphisi konke ukungcola okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen. Ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa isikhathi eside imoto. Imoto ye-hydrogen ingabizwa ngokuthi iluhlaza ngokuphelele uma amandla adingekayo ukuyiqhuba ephuma ngokuphelele emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imoto iphephe ngokuphelele emvelweni. 

Izimoto ze-Hydrogen - isifinyezo

Izimoto zikagesi zinebanga elikhula njalo futhi kumnandi kakhulu ukushayela. Nokho, ukufaka amafutha ezimotweni zikagesi kungaba inselele. Izimoto ezinokushayela okunjalo zizozibonakalisa kahle kakhulu eduze kwamadolobha amakhulu, njengeWarsaw.Zisembalwa iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezweni lethu, kodwa lokhu kufanele kushintshe ngo-2030, lapho inani leziteshi lizokhula libe ngaphezu kwe-100, ngokusho kuka-Orlen.