Imoto eyiHybrid - ikusasa lemboni yezimoto yomhlaba wonke? Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe i-hybrid?

Eminyakeni eyishumi nje edlule, bambalwa abantu ababekwazi ukuthenga izimoto ezingama-hybrid. Umnikelo wawubhekiswe kubashayeli abacebe kakhulu. Namuhla, ukwehla kwentengo yezimoto eziyingxubevange kusho ukuthi sezithandwa kakhulu futhi zithengwa kaningi. Kodwa-ke, kuzoba iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba inani lezimoto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kanye ne-hybrid, ngokwesibonelo, lilingane. Iyini ingxubevange futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi imoto eyingxube ishayele kodwa ingangcolisi imvelo njengezimoto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emigwaqweni yasePoland? Hlola!

Iyini ihybrid?

Isici esiyinhloko sezimoto ezihlanganisiwe ukuthi zifakwe i-hybrid drive. Lena inhlanganisela yezinto ezifana nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nenjini kagesi noma amamotho kagesi amaningana eyunithi yokushayela eyodwa. Ngakho-ke sikhuluma nge-hybrid drive, engaqondwa njengenjini ehlanganisiwe esebenzisa izakhi eziningana ukuze usebenze kahle. Ngenxa yezixazululo ezinjalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedrayivu kagesi ku-hybrid, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungancishiswa kakhulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla emoto angandiswa.

Izimoto Ezihlanganisiwe - Izinhlobo Ezitholakalayo

Abakhiqizi bahlinzeka imakethe ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-hybrids:

• uchungechunge;
• ngokuhambisana;
• uchungechunge-parallel. 

Ukukhiqiza izimoto ezihlanganisiwe

Ama-hybrid ochungechunge anenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nenjini kagesi, futhi ukudluliselwa kuqiniswa yibhethri. Kulapha lapho amandla angaphezu kwamandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza aqoqwe, esebenzisa i-generator yemoto emithwalweni eyengeziwe, i.e. ikakhulukazi lapho uqala, ukushayela ukhuphuka kanye nokusheshisa ngokushesha. Ezimotweni eziyi-hybrid ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi, kujwayelekile ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ayixhumene ngqo namasondo emoto. Akubenzi baphothene. Isebenza kuphela njengedrayivu yejeneretha ephehla ugesi. Nguye oshayela i-motor kagesi, yona, enesibopho sokushayela amasondo emoto. 

Izimoto ezixubile ezihambisanayo

Olunye uhlobo lwe-hybrid yi-parallel hybrid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mild hybrid. Ngokungafani ne-serial hybrid, injini yayo yangaphakathi evuthayo ixhumeke ngokuzenzakalelayo emasondweni futhi inesibopho ngokuyinhloko sokuhamba kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-motor kagesi ku-hybrid enjalo itholakala, isibonelo, ku-shaft exhuma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi nokudlulisa. Inikezwe umsebenzi wokugcina injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza uma kudingeka i-torque eyengeziwe. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, lapho usheshisa futhi ushayela ukhuphuka.

Uchungechunge-parallel hybrid izimoto

Uma sihlanganisa izici zochungechunge kanye nama-hybrids ahambisanayo, khona-ke olunye uhlobo lwalolu hlobo lwemoto luzokwakhiwa - i-hybrid ewuchungechunge-parallel ebizwa ngokuthi "i-hybrid egcwele". Ihlanganisa izici zezixazululo ezimbili ezichazwe ngenhla. Ezimotweni ezinjalo, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ixhunywe emasondweni ngokomshini futhi ingase, kodwa kungadingeki, ibe umthombo wokunyakaza kwazo. "Ama-hybrids agcwele" asebenzisa injini kagesi ukushayela, futhi amandla adluliselwa kuyo ngejeneretha noma ibhethri exhunywe enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Lesi sakamuva singasetshenziswa futhi ukuqoqa amandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. imoto Lolu hlobo lwe-hybrid luhlinzeka ngohlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokushayela wonke amasondo, nakuba lunomklamo olula. I-series-parallel motor inokwethenjelwa. Ingqalabutho ekuthuthukisweni kwayo kwakuyiToyota ekhathazayo, futhi “ingxubevange egcwele” yokuqala kwakuyiToyota Prius.

Imoto ye-Hybrid - ukwakhiwa

Emishinini eyisisekelo, imoto eyi-hybrid inenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo futhi kagesi, kanye negiya leplanethi elibaluleke kakhulu. ungubani? Lena ingxenye ewukuxhumana phakathi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ijeneretha kanye nenjini kagesi eshayela amasondo emoto. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlukanisa isivinini se-shaft yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukuze amasondo kanye nejeneretha bakuthole ngokulinganayo. Ukusebenza kwayo kungafaniswa nokudlulisa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo okufingqa itorque ekhiqizwa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nenjini kagesi. Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kusetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kokushayela nokushayela. Umshayeli akenzi lutho ukusabalalisa itorque ngokulinganayo.

ugesi onamandla

Injini kagesi emotweni eyi-hybrid ayiyona injini eyinhloko, futhi akuyona injini evumela imoto ukuthi ihambe-iqale futhi isheshise. Idlala indima yokusekelwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi uma kunesidingo esicacile lapho amandla engeziwe edingeka emotweni, isibonelo, lapho ijubane, iqala ukukhuphuka, njll. Uma ubhekene ne-hybrid egcwele, efana imoto ikuvumela ukuthi uqale ngenjini kagesi ngisho nangesivinini esiphansi ngaphandle kokuqala injini kaphethiloli. Khona-ke awudingi ukusebenzisa uphethiloli, okuyimali esobala yokulondoloza umshayeli.

Ukufika

Ngokungafani nezimoto zikagesi kuphela, izimoto eziyi-hybrid azidingi ukushajwa ngamandla avela emithonjeni yangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, umshayeli akadingi ukuwakhokhisa ephuma edongeni noma esiteshini sokushaja sikagesi. Banohlelo olubhekele ukubuyiswa kwamandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Ukube bekungeyena, la mandla abezovele aphele ngokungenakulungiseka. Imoto eyi-hybrid ayidingi isiqalisi. i-alternator, i-clutch ne-V-belt - vele usebenzise igiya leplanethi elizenzakalelayo kulo. Ilula impela ekwakhiweni kwayo, ikakhulukazi uma uyiqhathanisa ne-dual-clutch automatic transmission. Akudingeki ukufaka i-turbine kuyunithi yokushayela, futhi nayo asikho isidingo sesihlungi se-particle noma i-flywheel ye-dual-mass.

Isebenza kanjani i-hybrid?

Lapho imoto ewuchungechunge-parallel hybrid (i-hybrid egcwele) ibandakanyeka, injini kagesi iyavulwa ukusiza imoto ukuthi iye phambili. Ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-propulsion kusekelwe ekusebenzisaneni kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, injini kagesi kanye nesethi yamabhethri asindayo. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi akudingeki ukuthi isebenze uma iqala. Lena okuthiwa yi-zero emission mode, lapho uphethiloli ungashiswa nhlobo. Imoto eyihybrid ingashayela ngale modi edolobheni uma ineleveli yebhethri elilungile. Uma ibhethri likhishwa - "elingenalutho", imoto ayinayo indawo yokudweba amandla adingekayo, ngakho-ke injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ivuliwe. Ibhethri lizoshajwa njalo uma ucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki.

Endabeni ye "hybrids emnene", indima ebaluleke kakhulu idlalwa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, esebenza ngomshini (manual) noma othomathikhi. Phakathi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nebhokisi lika-gearbox noma phakathi kwamanye amayunithi atholakala endaweni yenjini, iyunithi kagesi ifakwa. Kulokhu, injini kagesi isebenza njenge-alternator noma i-starter. Ku-"hybrids emild" ibhethri lesibili liphinde lifakwe, elibhekene nokuqoqwa kwamandla ukuze kusebenze injini kagesi.  

Ngenkathi ushayela, imoto enjalo eyingxubevange, isebenzisa iyunithi yayo kagesi, ikhiqiza amandla adingekayo ukuze inike amandla izinto ezisebhodini, njengomsakazo, kanye namabhethri amabili ngaphansi kwesivalo. Injini kagesi kufanele isekele injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi lokhu kusebenzisana kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngamaphesenti ayishumi. 

Kungani ukhetha imoto eyi-hybrid?

Uyazibuza ukuthi i-hybrid iyisinqumo esihle ngempela? Imoto eyihybrid inezinzuzo eziningi, ukonga uphethiloli iyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwezimoto eziyingxubevange edolobheni kulinganiselwa kumalitha ama-2 kuphela ngebanga lika-100 km. Lokhu futhi kuyinzuzo ephawulekayo. asikho isidingo sokushaja ibhethri ngokuhlukana ne-outlet. Lokhu-ke kunomthelela omuhle emvelweni. Ngemoto eyi-hybrid, okumele ukwenze nje ukugcwalisa igesi ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma ubhuleka, amandla avame ukulahleka ngaleso sikhathi atholwa yi-alternator futhi agcinwe ebhethrini.

I-Volvo inomnikelo ophawulekayo oyi-hybrid ne-XC60, i-XC40 noma i-XC90.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi imoto iyi-hybrid?

Izimoto eziyingxubevange zihlanganisa amasistimu omlilo wangaphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zezimoto zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, banenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye ne-motor kagesi noma ama-motor kagesi amaningana.

Ingabe kufanele uthenge imoto eyi-hybrid?

Izinzuzo zezimoto ezihlanganisiwe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (ukonga eziteshini zikaphethiloli) futhi asikho isidingo sokushaja ibhethri ngokuhlukana nesokhethi (izinzuzo zemvelo). Ama-hybrid alungele ukushayela edolobheni: athule, avuselela amandla ngaphansi kwebhuleki (okuhlanganisa nenjini) futhi agcine isistimu isebenza kahle.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-hybrid ne-petroli?

Ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini kaphethiloli kanye nenjini kagesi kusho ukuthi izimoto ezixubile zisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane kakhulu kunezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Uma ushayela edolobheni, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungamalitha amabili kuphela ngebanga lika-2 km. Izimoto ezingama-Hybrid nazo zithule futhi aziyigcini imvelo.