I-hydrogen ne-carbon hydrogen ephansi
Okuqukethwe
IHydrojeni Ehlaza Noma I-Decarbonated: Ishintshani Uma Iqhathaniswa Ne-Grey Hydrogen
Ihlukaniswa njengamandla avuselelekayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi
Nakuba amazwe emhlabeni wonke elwela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwawo okungcolisayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamandla kuyacutshungulwa, ikakhulukazi ngemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo (i-hydraulic, wind and solar), kodwa hhayi kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, i-hydrogen ivame ukwethulwa njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo onekusasa eliqhakazile ngenxa yezizathu eziningana: ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli, insada yemithombo, kanye nokuntuleka kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Kubuye kubonakale njengesixazululo sokugcina amandla njengoba inethiwekhi yamapayipi ethuthwa yiyo iqala ukukhula (4500 km wamapayipi anikezelwe emhlabeni jikelele). Yingakho ivame ukubhekwa njengamafutha akusasa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iYurophu ifaka imali eningi kuyo, njengeFrance neJalimane, eye yaqala izinhlelo zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hydrogen ngezindleko ze-7 billion euros kanye ne-9 billion euros ngayinye.
Nokho, i-hydrogen ayikaziwa neze. Nakuba okwamanje ingasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu njengamafutha e-fuel cell ezimotweni zikagesi, isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezimboni. Kuyisici esibalulekile semisebenzi ethile njengokucwenga noma ukukhipha amafutha. Uphinde asebenze kwezensimbi, ezolimo, kumakhemikhali ... EFrance kuphela, amathani angu-922 e-hydrogen akhiqizwa futhi adliwe minyaka yonke ukuze kukhiqizwe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-000.
Ngokomlando ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen okungcolisa kakhulu
Kodwa manje isithombe asisihle neze. Ngoba uma i-hydrogen ingangcolisi indawo ezungezile, iyisici esingatholakali njengoba injalo ngokwemvelo, ngisho noma kutholwe imithombo yemvelo eminingana eyivelakancane. Ngakho-ke, kudinga ukukhiqizwa okuqondile, ngenqubo engcolisa kakhulu imvelo, njengoba ikhipha i-CO2 eningi futhi ku-95% yamacala isekelwe ku-fuel fuels.
Namuhla, cishe wonke ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusekelwe ekuhwamukeni kwegesi yemvelo (i-methane), i-oxidation kawoyela ingxenye, noma ekufakweni kwegesi kwamalahle. Kunoma yikuphi, ukukhiqizwa kwekhilogremu eyodwa ye-hydrogen kukhiqiza cishe i-10 kg ye-CO2. Mayelana nemvelo, sizobuya, njengoba izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen emhlabeni wonke (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-63) ngaleyo ndlela likhiqiza okulingana nokukhishwa kwe-CO2 kukho konke ukuhamba emoyeni!
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolysis
Ngakho-ke le hydrogen ingaba kuhle kanjani ekungcolisweni komoya uma kuphela isusa ukungcola phezulu nomfula?
Kukhona enye indlela yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen: i-electrolysis. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ezinsalela kudala kuthiwa yi-grey hydrogen, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolysis yamanzi kukhiqiza i-carbon hydrogen ephansi noma ephansi.
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, le nqubo yokukhiqiza ivumela i-hydrogen ukuthi ikhiqizwe ngenkathi inciphisa ibhalansi yayo yekhabhoni, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO2 okumbalwa. Le nqubo lapha idinga kuphela amanzi (H2O) nogesi, okuvumela izinhlayiya ze-dihydrogen (H2) ne-oxygen (O) ukuthi zihlukanise.
Futhi, i-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis "i-carbon ephansi" kuphela uma ugesi oyinika amandla futhi "i-carbonated".
Njengamanje, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen nge-electrolysis nazo ziphakeme kakhulu, cishe izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezine kunezokukhiqiza umusi, kuye ngemithombo nocwaningo.
Amafutha ezimoto zakusasa?
Yile hydrogen engenayo i-carbon ekhuthazwa izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kweFrance neJalimane. Ekuqaleni, le hydrogen kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zemboni futhi inikeze enye indlela yokuhamba ephezulu lapho amabhethri angeyona inketho. Lokhu kusebenza kwezokuthutha ngololiwe, amaloli, ezokuthutha emfuleni nasolwandle, noma ngisho nezokuthutha ngendiza ... ngisho noma kunenqubekelaphambili mayelana nendiza yelanga.
Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi i-hydrogen fuel cell ingakwazi ukunika amandla injini kagesi noma ishaje ibhethri elihambisana nayo ngokuzimela okukhulu ngesikhathi sokufaka i-refueling emaminithini ambalwa, njengenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhipha i-CO2 noma izinhlayiya kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi kuphela. Kodwa futhi, njengoba izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kunezindleko zokucwenga uphethiloli kanye nezinjini, okwamanje ezibiza kakhulu, i-hydrogen fuel cell akulindelekile ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha esikhathini esifushane, nakuba i-Hydrogen Council ilinganisela ukuthi Lawa mafutha angaba namandla. Izimoto eziyizigidi eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-10 kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo.
