Ama-Crankshaft bearings nokushintshwa kwawo

I-crankshaft ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zanoma iyiphi imoto enenjini ye-piston. Ehlukile inikezelwe kudivayisi nenjongo ye-crankshaft. Manje ake sikhulume ngokuthi yini esiza ukuthi isebenze kahle. Ake sikhulume ngokufaka.

Ama-liners afakwe phakathi kwamajenali amakhulu e-crankshaft kanye nombhede ku-cylinder block, futhi phakathi kwamajenali wenduku yokuxhuma kanye nendawo yangaphakathi yamakhanda aphansi ezintambo zokuxhuma. Eqinisweni, lawa ama-bearings angenalutho anciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-shaft futhi avimbele ukuthi ungagxumeki. Ama-Rolling bearings awasebenzi lapha, awakwazi nje ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinjalo isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukungqubuzana, ama-liners akuvumela ukuthi ubeke kahle futhi umise izingxenye. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wabo ukusatshalaliswa kwe-lubricant ngokwakhiwa kwefilimu yamafutha ebusweni bezingxenye ezisebenzisanayo.

Ukufakwa kuyingxenye eyinhlanganisela yamasongo ensimbi amabili ayisicaba. Uma zibhanqiwe, zimboza ngokuphelele iphephabhuku le-crankshaft. Kukhona ukukhiya kwelinye lamaphethelo e-half-ring, ngosizo lwayo i-liner igxiliwe esihlalweni. Ama-thrust bearings anama-flanges - izindonga eziseceleni, ezibuye zivumele ingxenye ukuthi ilungiswe futhi ivimbele i-shaft ukuthi ihambe eduze kwe-axis.

Kunembobo eyodwa noma ezimbili kuma-semi-rings, lapho ukugcoba kunikezwa khona. Kuma-liners, atholakala ohlangothini lwesiteshi samafutha, kwenziwa i-longitudinal groove, lapho i-lubricant ingena khona emgodini.

I-bearing inesakhiwo se-multilayer esisekelwe epuleti lensimbi. Ehlangothini langaphakathi (lokusebenza), i-anti-friction coating isetshenziswa kuyo, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa izingqimba eziningana. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo zama-liners - i-bimetallic ne-trimetallic.

Kulabo be-bimetallic, i-anti-friction coating ye-1 ... 4 mm isetshenziselwa isisekelo sensimbi esinobukhulu obungu-0,25 kuya ku-0,4 mm. Ngokuvamile iqukethe izinsimbi ezithambile - ithusi, ithini, umthofu, i-aluminium ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Ukwengezwa kwe-zinc, i-nickel, i-silicon nezinye izinto kungenzeka. Kuvame ukuba ne-aluminium noma i-copper sublayer phakathi kwesisekelo nesendlalelo esilwa nokungqubuzana.

I-tri-metal bearing inomunye ungqimba omncane womthofu oxutshwe nethini noma ithusi. Ivimbela ukugqwala futhi inciphisa ukuguga kwesendlalelo esilwa nokungqubuzana.

Ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokugijima, ama-half-rings angagcotshwa nge-tin ezinhlangothini zombili.

Isakhiwo samalayini e-crankshaft asilawulwa yinoma yimaphi amazinga futhi singahluka kumkhiqizi kuya kumkhiqizi.

Amalayini ayizingxenye zohlobo olunembayo ezinikeza izikhala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa i-crankshaft. I-Lubricant ifakwa esikhaleni ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okuthi, ngenxa yokufuduka kwe-eccentric ye-shaft, yakha okuthiwa i-oil wedge. Eqinisweni, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-crankshaft ayithinti i-bearing, kodwa ijikeleza ku-wedge yamafutha.

Ukuncipha kwengcindezi kawoyela noma i-viscosity enganele, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuphambuka kobukhulu bezingxenye ezisuka kwalezo ezizishoyo, ukungahambi kahle kwezimbazo, ukungena kwezinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe nezinye izizathu kubangela ukwephulwa kokungqubuzana koketshezi. Khona-ke kwezinye izindawo amajenali e-shaft namalayini aqala ukuthinta. Ukungqubuzana, ukushisa nokuguga kwezingxenye kuyanda. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inqubo iholela ekuhlulekeni kokuzala.

Ngemuva kokuhlakaza nokukhipha ama-liner, izimbangela zokugqoka zingahlulelwa ngokubukeka kwazo.

Amalayini agugile noma alimele awakwazi ukulungiswa futhi avele afakwe amasha.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngamalayini zizobikwa ngokushaya kwensimbi okufiphele. Iya phezulu njengoba injini ifudumala noma umthwalo uyanda.

Uma ishaya ngesivinini se-crankshaft, khona-ke amajenali amakhulu noma ama-bearings asegugile kakhulu.

Uma ukungqongqoza kwenzeka ngemvamisa ephindwe kabili ngaphansi kwejubane le-crankshaft, udinga ukubheka amajenali wenduku yokuxhuma kanye namalayini awo. Intamo eyinkinga inganqunywa ngokunembile ngokuvala umlomo noma i-spark plug yeyodwa yamasilinda. Uma ukungqongqoza kunyamalala noma kuba nokuthula, khona-ke induku yokuxhuma ehambisanayo kufanele itholwe.

Ngokungaqondile, izinkinga ezinezintamo kanye nama-liners ziboniswa ukwehla kwengcindezi ohlelweni lokugcoba. Ikakhulukazi, uma lokhu kubonwa ngokungenzi lutho ngemva kokuba iyunithi isifudumale.

Ama-Bearings ayinduku eyinhloko futhi exhumayo. Eyokuqala ibekwe ezihlalweni emzimbeni we-BC, ihlanganisa amajenali amakhulu futhi ifake isandla ekujikelezeni okushelelayo kwe-shaft ngokwayo. Lezi zamuva zifakwa ekhanda elingezansi lenduku yokuxhuma futhi kanye nayo imboze ijenali yenduku yokuxhuma ye-crankshaft.

Akuwona kuphela ama-bearings angaphansi kokugqoka, kodwa namajenali e-shaft, ngakho-ke ukufaka esikhundleni se-bearing egugile nge-standard size bushing kungase kubangele imvume ibe nkulu kakhulu.

Ama-bearings ama-oversize anogqinsi olwengeziwe angase adingeke ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuguga kwejenali. Njengomthetho, amalayini wosayizi ngamunye wokulungisa olandelayo ayingxenye yesine ye-millimeter enkulu kunangaphambili. Ama-bearings osayizi wokuqala wokulungisa angu-0,25 mm ubukhulu kunosayizi ojwayelekile, owesibili ungu-0,5 mm ubukhulu, njalonjalo. Nakuba kwezinye izimo usayizi wokulungisa isinyathelo singahluka.

Ukuze unqume izinga lokugqoka kwamajenali we-crankshaft, akudingekile ukukala ububanzi bawo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuxilonga i-ovality ne-taper.

Entanyeni ngayinye, kusetshenziswa i-micrometer, izilinganiso zenziwa ngezindiza ezimbili ze-perpendicular A no-B ezigabeni ezintathu - izigaba 1 no-3 zihlukaniswa nezihlathi ngekota yobude bentamo, isigaba 2 siphakathi.

Umehluko omkhulu wamadayimitha olinganiswa ezigabeni ezihlukene, kodwa endizeni efanayo, uzonikeza inkomba ye-taper.

Umehluko wamadayamitha ezindizeni ze-perpendicular, ezilinganiswa esigabeni esifanayo, uzonikeza inani le-ovality. Ukuze uthole ukuzimisela okunembe kakhudlwana kwezinga lokugqoka okusaqanda, kungcono ukukala ngezindiza ezintathu njalo ngamadigri ayi-120.

Izikhala

Inani lokusula liwumehluko phakathi kobubanzi bangaphakathi bomugqa kanye nobubanzi bentamo, ihlukaniswe ngo-2.

Ukunqunywa kobubanzi bangaphakathi bomugqa, ikakhulukazi oyinhloko, kungaba nzima. Ngakho-ke, ukukala kulula ukusebenzisa i-plastic wire calibrated Plastigauge (Plastigage). Inqubo yokulinganisa imi kanje.

1. Hlanza izintamo ngamafutha.
2. Beka ucezu lwenduku elinganisiwe endaweni engaphezulu ukuze ikalwe.
3. Faka isivalo sokuthwala ngokuqinisa izibophelelo ku-torque elinganiselwe ngesikrufu setorque.
4. Ungazungezi i-crankshaft.
5. Manje khumula isiqiniseko bese ususa isembozo.
6. Faka isifanekiso sokulinganisa epulasitikini eyisicaba futhi unqume igebe ukusuka kububanzi balo.

Uma inani layo lingalingani phakathi kwemingcele evumelekile, izintamo kufanele zibe phansi kusayizi wokulungisa.

Izintamo zivame ukugqoka ngokungalingani, ngakho zonke izilinganiso kufanele zithathwe ngayinye yazo futhi ziphuculwe, okuholela kusayizi owodwa wokulungisa. Kulapho kuphela ongakhetha futhi ufake olayini.

Lapho ukhetha ukufakwa koshintsho, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhla lwemodeli yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ngisho nemodeli ethile yenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-bearings asuka kwamanye amayunithi ngeke ahambisane.

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile kanye nokulungisa, amanani okukhishwa, ukubekezelelana okungenzeka, ama-bolt torques kanye neminye imingcele ehlobene ne-crankshaft ingatholakala encwadini yokulungisa imoto yakho. Ukukhethwa nokufakwa kwama-liner kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nebhukwana kanye namamaki agxivizwe ku-crankshaft kanye nomzimba we-BC.

Inqubo efanele yokushintsha ama-bearings ihlanganisa ukuhlakazwa okuphelele kwe-crankshaft. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ususe injini. Uma unemibandela efanelekile, isethi edingekayo yamathuluzi, isipiliyoni kanye nesifiso, ungaqhubeka. Uma kungenjalo, usendleleni eya enkonzweni yemoto.

Ngaphambi kokukhipha izembozo zama-liner, kufanele zibalwe futhi zimakwe ukuze zifakwe ezindaweni zazo zangempela futhi zibe sesimweni esifanayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kumalayini, uma esesimweni esihle futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuqhubekayo kulindeleke.

Ishaft ekhishiwe, amalayini kanye nezingxenye zokukhwelana zihlanzwa kahle. Isimo sabo sihlolwe, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhloleni ukuhlanzeka kweziteshi zamafutha. Uma ama-liner aneziphambeko - i-scuffing, i-delamination, iminonjana yokuncibilika noma ukunamathela - kufanele ashintshwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso ezidingekayo ziyenziwa. Kuye ngemiphumela etholiwe, izintamo ziyapholishwa.

Uma amalayini osayizi oyifunayo etholakala, ungaqhubeka nokufakwa kwe-crankshaft.

Umhlangano

Lezo ezihloselwe ukubekwa embhedeni we-BC zine-groove yokugcoba, futhi lezo zindandatho eziyingxenye ezifakwe ezimbozweni azinawo ama-grooves. Awukwazi ukushintsha izindawo zabo.

Ngaphambi kokufaka wonke ama-liner, izindawo ezisebenza kuzo, kanye namajenali e-crankshaft, kufanele agcotshwe ngamafutha.

futhi ama-bearings afakwe embhedeni we-cylinder block, futhi i-crankshaft ibekwe phezu kwawo.

Izembozo ezithwalayo eziyinhloko zibekwe endaweni ngokuhambisana nokumaka kanye namamaki enziwe ngesikhathi sokudilizwa. Ama-bolts aqiniswa ku-torque edingekayo ngokudlula okungu-2-3. Okokuqala, isembozo sokuthwala esiphakathi siqiniswa, bese ngokusho kohlelo: 2nd, 4th, front and back liner.

Uma wonke amakepisi eqiniswa, vula i-crankshaft futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukujikeleza kulula futhi ngaphandle kokunamathela.

Faka izinduku zokuxhuma. Isembozo ngasinye kufanele sibekwe phezu kwenduku yayo yokuxhuma, njengoba ukubhoreka kwemboni yabo kwenziwa ndawonye. Amalokhi ama-earbud kufanele abe ohlangothini olufanayo. Qinisa amabhawodi ku-torque edingekayo.

Kunezincomo eziningi ku-inthanethi zokushintsha ama-bearings ngaphandle kwesidingo senqubo yokususa enzima kakhulu. Enye indlela enjalo ukusebenzisa ibhawodi noma i-rivet efakwa emgodini wamafutha entanyeni. Uma kunesidingo, ikhanda le-bolt kufanele lisuswe ukuze lingadluli ubukhulu be-liner ngokuphakama futhi lidlule ngokukhululekile kugebe. Uma uphendula i-crankshaft, ikhanda lizophumula ngasekugcineni kweringi yengxenye yokuthwala bese liyiphushela ngaphandle. khona-ke, ngendlela efanayo, kufakwa okusha endaweni yaleyo ekhishiwe.

Ngempela, le ndlela iyasebenza, futhi ingozi yokulimaza noma yini incane, udinga nje ukufika ku-crankshaft kusuka emgodini wokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, ingaba nemiphumela engalindelekile, ngakho-ke uzoyisebenzisa ngengozi yakho kanye nobungozi.

Inkinga ngalezo zindlela zabantu ukuthi azihlinzeki ngemininingwane yokuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezilinganiso ze-crankshaft futhi akufaki nhlobo ukugaya nokufaka izintamo. Konke kwenziwa ngeso. Ngenxa yalokho, inkinga ingase ibonakale ifihliwe, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile izophinde ibonakale. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu.

Akufanele neze ukushintsha amalayini ahlulekile ngaphandle kokucabangela ukugqokwa kwamajenali e-crankshaft. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, intamo ingase, isibonelo, ithole ukuma kwe-oval. Futhi-ke ukushintshwa okulula kwe-liner cishe kuqinisekisiwe ukuholela ekujikeni kwayo maduze. Ngenxa yalokho, okungenani kuzoba nama-scuffs ku-crankshaft futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi ipholishwe, futhi njengobuningi bayo, ukulungiswa okujulile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuyodingeka. Uma iphenduka, ingase yehluleke.

Ukugunyazwa okungalungile nakho kuzodala imiphumela emibi kakhulu. I-backlash igcwele ukungqongqoza, ukudlidliza kanye nokugqokwa okwengeziwe. Uma igebe, ngokuphambene nalokho, lingaphansi kokuvumelekile, khona-ke ingozi yokuqhuma iyanda.

Nakuba ngezinga elincane, ezinye izingxenye zokukhwelana ziguga kancane kancane - amakhanda enduku yokuxhuma, umbhede we-crankshaft. Nalokhu akufanele sikukhohlwe.