Izinhlobo zama-brake systems: isimiso sokusebenza kwezigubhu namabhuleki e-disc

I-brake system yakhelwe ukulawula ijubane lemoto, ukuyimisa, nokuyibamba isikhathi eside ngokusebenzisa amandla okubhuleka phakathi kwesondo nomgwaqo. I-braking force ingakhiqizwa ibhuleki lamasondo, injini yemoto (ebizwa ngokuthi i-engine braking), i-hydraulic noma iretarder kagesi ekudluliseni.

Ukwenza le misebenzi, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-brake systems zifakwe emotweni:

• Isistimu yamabhuleki esebenzayo. Inikeza ukwehla okulawulwayo kanye nokuma kwemoto.
• Isistimu yamabhuleki eyisipele. Isetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokusebenza. Lenza imisebenzi efanayo nesistimu yokusebenza. Isistimu ye-spare brake ingasetshenziswa njengohlelo olukhethekile oluzimele noma njengengxenye yesistimu ye-brake esebenzayo (enye yamasekethe e-brake drive).
• Uhlelo lwamabhuleki okupaka. Idizayinelwe ukubamba imoto endaweni isikhathi eside.

I-braking system iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okusebenzayo kwemoto. Ezimotweni kanye nenani lamaloli, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokubhuleka kanye nokuzinza kwamabhuleki.

Indlela uhlelo lwamabhuleki olusebenza ngayo

Uma ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake, umthwalo udluliselwa ku-amplifier, okwenza amandla engeziwe ku-cylinder ye-brake main. I-brake master cylinder piston iphampa uketshezi ngamapayipi ukuya kumasilinda amasondo. Lokhu kwandisa ingcindezi yoketshezi ku-actuator yamabhuleki. Ama-pistons amasilinda amasondo ahambisa ama-brake pads kuma-disc (izigubhu).

Ukucindezela okwengeziwe kwi-pedal kwandisa umfutho we-fluid futhi amabhuleki asebenze, okunciphisa ukujikeleza kwamasondo kanye nokubukeka kwamandla okubhuleka lapho kuhlangana khona amathayi nomgwaqo. Uma kusetshenziswa amandla engeziwe kwi-brake pedal, amasondo ayashesha futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ingcindezi yamanzi ngesikhathi sokubhuleka ingafinyelela ku-10-15 MPa.

Ekupheleni kwe-braking (ukukhulula i-pedal ye-brake), i-pedal ngaphansi kwethonya le-spring spring iya endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni. I-piston yesilinda esikhulu sebhuleki iya endaweni yayo yokuqala. Izakhi zasentwasahlobo zisusa amaphedi kude namadiski (izigubhu). Uketshezi lwamabhuleki olusuka kumasilinda amasondo luphoqwa ngamapayipi lungene kusilinda esikhulu sebhuleki. Ingcindezi ohlelweni iyehla.

Izinhlobo zama-brake systems

I-brake system ihlanganisa i-brake mechanism kanye ne-brake drive. I-brake mechanism yakhelwe ukudala i-torque yokubhuleka edingekayo ukuze ihambe kancane futhi imise imoto. Imishini ye-Friction brake ifakwe ezimotweni, ukusebenza kwazo kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okushayisana. Izindlela zamabhuleki zesistimu yokusebenza zifakwe ngqo esondweni. Ibhuleki lokupaka lingase libe ngemuva kwebhokisi lika-gearbox noma ikesi lokudlulisa.

Kuye ngomklamo wengxenye yokungqubuzana, zikhona isigubhu kanye nediski izindlela zamabhuleki.

Indlela yamabhuleki iqukethe ingxenye ezungezayo negxilile. Njengengxenye ejikelezayo indlela yesigubhu kusetshenziswa isigubhu sebhuleki, ingxenye engaguquki - ama-brake pads noma amabhande.

ingxenye ejikelezayo indlela yediski emelelwa i-brake disc, ehleliwe - ngama-brake pads. Ema-axle angaphambili nangemuva ezimoto zabagibeli zanamuhla, njengomthetho, ama-disc brakes afakiwe.

Asebenza kanjani amabhuleki esigubhu

Izingxenye zangaphakathi eziyinhloko zamabhuleki ezigubhu yilezi:

1. Ibhuleki isigubhu. I-elementi eyenziwe ngama-alloys ensimbi aqinile. Ifakwe ku-hub noma ku-shaft yokusekela futhi ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuxhumana exhumana ngqo nama-pads, kodwa futhi njengendlu lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zifakwe khona. Ingxenye engaphakathi yesigubhu sebhuleki iyindawo yokusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki.
2. Amaphedi. Ngokungafani nama-disc brake pads, ama-drum brake pads anomumo oyisiyingi. Ingxenye yabo yangaphandle inombala okhethekile we-asbestos. Uma ama-brake pads efakwe kumasondo angemuva, elinye lawo lixhunywe ku-lever ye-brake yokupaka.
3. Iziphethu ze-tension. Lezi zakhi zixhunywe ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi zamaphedi, zivimbela ukuba zihambe ngendlela ehlukene ngokungenzi lutho.
4. Brake amasilinda. Lona umzimba okhethekile owenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, ezinhlangothini zombili lapho ama-piston asebenzayo afakwe khona. Acushwa yi-hydraulic pressure eyenzeka uma umshayeli ecindezela i-brake pedal. Izingxenye ezengeziwe zama-piston ziyizigxivizo zenjoloba kanye ne-valve yokukhipha umoya ovaleleke kumjikelezo.
5. Idiski yokuvikela. Ingxenye iyisici esifakwe ihabhu lapho kuxhunywe khona amasilinda amabhuleki namaphedi. Ukuqiniswa kwabo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-clamps akhethekile.
6. Indlela yokuzithuthukisa. Isisekelo somshini siwuhlaka olukhethekile, luyajula njengoba amabhuleki amabhuleki eguga. Inhloso yalo ukuqinisekisa ukucindezelwa njalo kwamaphedi ebusweni besigubhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuguga kwezindawo zabo zokusebenza.

**Izingxenye ezibalwe yithi ngokuvamile zamukelwa. Zisetshenziswa abakhiqizi abaningi abakhulu. Kunenqwaba yezingxenye ezifakwe ngokuyimfihlo ezinye izinkampani. Okunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, kuyindlela yokuletha amaphedi, zonke izinhlobo zama-spacers, njll.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani: umshayeli, uma kunesidingo, ucindezela i-pedal, edala ingcindezi eyengeziwe kumjikelezo wamabhuleki. Ama-hydraulic aphusha ama-master cylinder pistons, ashukumisa amabhuleki. "Bahlukana" ezinhlangothini, belula imithombo yokuhlanganisa, futhi bafinyelele amaphuzu okuxhumana nendawo yokusebenza yesigubhu. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana okubangelwa lokhu, ijubane lokujikeleza kwamasondo liyancipha, futhi imoto iyancipha. I-algorithm evamile yokusebenza kwamabhuleki ezigubhu ibukeka kanjena. Awukho umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwezinhlelo ezinepiston eyodwa nezimbili.

Ubuhle nobubi bamaDrum Brakes

Phakathi kwe ubuhle Uhlelo lwesigubhu lungahlukaniswa ngobulula bomklamo, indawo enkulu yokuxhumana phakathi kwamaphedi nesigubhu, izindleko eziphansi, isizukulwane sokushisa esiphansi, kanye nethuba lokusebenzisa uketshezi lwamabhuleki olungabizi olunephuzu eliphansi elibilayo. Futhi, phakathi kwezici ezinhle umklamo ovaliwe ovikela umshini emanzini nokungcola.

Ububi be-drum brakes:

• ukusabela okunensayo;
• ukungazinzi kokusebenza;
• umoya omncane;
• uhlelo lusebenza ukuphuka, olukhawulela amandla okucindezela avunyelwe ama-pads ezindongeni zesigubhu;
• ngokubhuleka njalo kanye nemithwalo ephezulu, ukuguqulwa kwesigubhu ngenxa yokushisa okunamandla kungenzeka.

Ezimotweni zesimanje, amabhuleki ezigubhu asetshenziswa kancane kancane. Ngokuyisisekelo afakwa emasondweni angemuva kumamodeli esabelomali. Kulokhu, zisetshenziselwa nokufaka amabhuleki okupaka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwandisa ubukhulu besigubhu, kungenzeka ukufeza ukwanda kwamandla esistimu ye-brake. Lokhu kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kakhulu kwamabhuleki ezigubhu emalolini nasemabhasini.

Asebenza kanjani amabhuleki ediski

I-disc brake mechanism iqukethe i-rotating brake disc, amaphedi amabili agxilile afakwe ngaphakathi kwe-caliper nhlangothi zombili.

Kulolu hlelo, amaphedi afakwe ku-caliper acindezelwa nhlangothi zombili ezindizeni ze-brake disc, eboshelwe kuhabhu lamasondo futhi izungeza nayo. Ama-metal brake pads ane-friction linings.

I-caliper ingumzimba owenziwe ngensimbi ensimbi noma i-aluminium esesimweni sobakaki. Ngaphakathi kukhona i-brake cylinder ene-piston ecindezela ama-pads kwi-disc ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.

Ibakaki (i-caliper) ingantanta noma ilungiswe. Ubakaki ontantayo ungahamba eduze kweziqondiso. Uphethe ivolovolo elilodwa. I-design caliper engaguquki inamapiston amabili, elilodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwediski. Indlela enjalo iyakwazi ukucindezela amaphedi ngokumelene ne-brake disc ngokuqinile futhi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumamodeli anamandla.

Ama-brake discs enziwe nge-cast iron, steel, carbon and ceramic. Amadiski e-Cast iron awabizi, anezimfanelo ezinhle zokungqubuzana kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Insimbi engagqwali ibekezelela izinguquko zokushisa kangcono, kodwa izici zayo zokungqubuzana zimbi kakhulu.

Ama-carbon discs alula ane-coefficient ephezulu yokungqubuzana nokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa zidinga ukushisisa kwangaphambili, futhi izindleko zazo ziphezulu kakhulu. Ububanzi be-carbon brake discs izimoto zezemidlalo.

I-Ceramics ingaphansi kwe-carbon fiber ngokwe-coefficient ye-friction, kodwa isebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, inamandla abalulekile futhi igqoke ukumelana nesisindo esincane. Ububi obuyinhloko bama-disc anjalo yizindleko eziphezulu.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi amabhuleki disc

Izinzuzo zama-disc brakes:

• isisindo esincane uma siqhathaniswa nesistimu yezigubhu;
• lula ukuxilongwa nokugcinwa;
• ukupholisa okungcono ngenxa yomklamo ovulekile;
• ukusebenza okuzinzile ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi.

Ukungalungi kwama-disc brakes:

• ukuchithwa okukhulu kokushisa;
• isidingo sama-amplifiers engeziwe ngenxa yendawo elinganiselwe yokuxhumana phakathi kwamaphedi nediski;
• ukugqoka kwephedi okusheshayo;
• izindleko ziphakeme kunezohlelo lwezigubhu.