Yimaphi ama-spark plugs angcono

Ukuthungela kwengxube kaphethiloli womoya ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kwenzeka ngosizo lwenhlansi ekhiqizwa imishini ebizwa ngokuthi ama-spark plug. Ukuzinza kokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuncike kwikhwalithi yabo nesimo.

I-voltage yama-kilovolts amaningana kuya kumashumi amaningana ama-kilovolts isetshenziswa kuma-electrode we-spark plug. I-arc kagesi yesikhashana eyenzeka kuleli cala ithungela ingxube ye-air-fuel.

Ngenxa yamaphutha, ama-spark plugs anephutha, ukwehluleka kwenhlansi kwenzeka, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwenjini okungazinzile, ukulahlekelwa amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokweqile.

Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile, amakhandlela asetshenzisiwe kufanele ashintshwe. Ukunquma imvamisa yokushintshwa, ungagxila ku-mileage noma ekuziphatheni kwemoto.

Amapulagi e-spark atholakala ngokwezentengiso angase ahluke ngokwakhiwa, izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kuma-electrode, namanye amapharamitha. Ake sizame ukukuqonda lokhu futhi sinqume ukuthi yimuphi kubo ongcono.

Ayini ama-spark plug?

Kunguqulo yakudala, ipulaki ye-spark ama-electrode amabili – nge-electrode eyodwa emaphakathi kanye ne-electrode eyodwa eseceleni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuvela komklamo wavela i-multielectrode (kungase kube nama-electrode amaningi aseceleni, ikakhulukazi ama-2 noma ama-4). I-multielectrode enjalo ivumela ukwandisa ukuthembeka nokuphila kwenkonzo. Futhi okungavamile kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphezulu nokuhlolwa okungqubuzanayo ithoshi и igumbi langaphambili Amakhandlela.

Ngaphandle komklamo, amakhandlela nawo ahlukaniswe abe ezinye izinhlobo, ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-electrode. Njengoba kwenzeka, ngokuvamile lokhu kuyinsimbi ehlanganiswe ne-nickel ne-manganese, kodwa ukwandisa impilo yesevisi, izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene eziyigugu zidayiswa kuma-electrode, ngokuvamile avela ku-platinum noma i-iridium.

Isici esihlukile samapulagi e-platinum ne-iridium spark yindlela ehlukile yama-electrode aphakathi nendawo naphansi. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsimbi kuvumela inhlansi enamandla njalo ezimweni ezinzima zokusebenza, i-electrode encane idinga i-voltage encane, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise umthwalo kukhoyili yokuthungela futhi ithuthukise ukusha kukaphethiloli. Kunengqondo ukufaka amapulagi e-platinum spark ezinjinini ze-turbo, njengoba le nsimbi inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu futhi ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngokungafani namakhandlela asendulo, amakhandlela eplatinamu akufanele neze ahlanzwe ngomshini.

Ngokuvama kokushintsha amakhandlela kungabekwa ngale ndlela:

• Amapulagi e-Copper / nickel spark anokuphila kwesevisi okujwayelekile okungafika kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30., Izindleko zabo zihambisana nempilo yesevisi.
• Amakhandlela ePlatinamu (ukuphalaza ku-electrode kuhloswe) asendaweni yesibili ngokwempilo yesevisi, ukusebenziseka kanye nenani lentengo. Isikhathi sokusebenza okungenazinkinga kokushisa kwe-spark kuphindwe kabili ubude, okungukuthi, cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-soot kuzoba kuncane kakhulu, okunomthelela omuhle nakakhulu ekushiseni kwengxube ye-air-fuel.
• Amakhandlela enziwe nge-iridium athuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokushisa. Lawa ma-spark plug ahlinzeka ngenhlansi engaphazamiseki emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Insiza yomsebenzi izoba ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 km, kodwa intengo izoba phezulu kakhulu kunezokuqala ezimbili.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-spark plugs?

Okokuqala, bheka incwadi yesevisi yemoto yakho, ngokuvamile, lapho ungathola khona ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhandlela olufakwe embonini. Inketho engcono kakhulu kuzoba yilawo ma-spark plugs anconywe yi-automaker, ngoba imboni icabangela izidingo zenjini kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zamapulaki e-spark. Ikakhulukazi uma imoto isivele ine-mileage ephezulu - ukutshala imali kuyo ngendlela ye-platinum ebizayo noma amakhandlela e-iridium ngeke okungenani kuzithethelele. Udinga futhi ukucabangela ukuthi hlobo luni lukaphethiloli nokuthi ushayela kangakanani. Akunangqondo ukukhokha imali yama-spark plugs abizayo enjini enevolumu engaphansi kwama-2 litres lapho injini ingawadingi amandla amakhulu.

Imingcele eyinhloko yokukhethwa kwama-spark plugs

1. Amapharamitha kanye nokucaciswa
2. Izimo lokushisa.
3. ububanzi obushisayo.
4. Insiza yomkhiqizo.

Futhi ukuze uzulazule ngokushesha amakhandlela ngezidingo ezidingekayo, udinga ukwazi ukucacisa ukumaka. Kodwa, ngokungafani namalebula kawoyela, ukulebula kwe-spark plug akunayo indinganiso eyamukelwa ngokuvamile futhi, kuye ngomkhiqizi, ukuqanjwa kwe-alphanumeric kuhunyushwa ngokuhlukile. Nokho, kunoma yimaphi amakhandlela kufanele kube nokumaka okubonisa:

• ububanzi;
• uhlobo lwekhandlela kanye ne-electrode;
• inombolo ekhanyayo;
• uhlobo nendawo yama-electrode;
• igebe phakathi kwama-electrode aphakathi nendawo.

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, lapho ukhetha, udinga ukugxila kudatha yangempela yamakhandlela. Futhi ukuze siqonde ukuthi zonke izici ezingenhla zithinta kanjani, sicabangela kafushane izici zalezi zinkomba.

ama-electrode aseceleni. Amakhandlela esitayela sakudala ane-electrode eyodwa emaphakathi neyodwa eseceleni. Eyokugcina yenziwe ngensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-manganese ne-nickel. Kodwa-ke, ama-spark plug anama-electrode amaningi aphansi aya ngokuya ethandwa. Banikeza inhlansi enamandla kakhulu futhi ezinzile, okubalulekile ekhandlelani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-electrode amaningana omhlabathi awangcoli ngokushesha, adinga ukuhlanza kaningi futhi ahlale isikhathi eside.

Amakhandlela anezimfanelo ezifanayo, ama-electrode ahlanganiswe nezinsimbi ezilandelayo - iplatinum ne-iridium (eyesibili iyinsimbi yokuguqulwa kweqembu le-platinum), noma i-alloy yabo. Amakhandlela anjalo anomthombo ongafika kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60-100, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, adinga i-voltage ephansi ye-sparking.

Amapulaki ezinhlansi asekelwe kuplatinamu ne-iridium awalokothi ahlanzwe ngomshini.

Isici esihlukile samakhandlela e-plasma-prechamber ukuthi indima ye-electrode eseceleni idlalwa ngumzimba wekhandlela. Futhi, ikhandlela elinjalo linamandla amakhulu okushisa. Futhi lokhu, futhi, kwandisa amandla enjini futhi kunciphisa inani lezinto ezinobuthi kumagesi okukhipha imoto.

i-electrode ephakathi. Iphuzu layo lenziwe ngama-alloys e-iron-nickel kanye nokwengezwa kwe-chromium nethusi. Kumapulagi ezinhlansi abizayo, ithiphu le-platinum brazed lingasetshenziswa ekugcineni, noma esikhundleni salokho kungasetshenziswa i-iridium electrode encane. Njengoba i-electrode emaphakathi iyingxenye eshisa kakhulu yekhandlela, umnikazi wemoto udinga ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu sikhuluma kuphela ngamakhandlela esitayela esidala. Uma i-platinum, i-iridium noma i-yttrium isetshenziswa ku-electrode, asikho isidingo sokuhlanza, ngoba amadiphozi ekhabhoni awakhiwanga.

* Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe ama-spark plugs ajwayelekile njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Ngokuqondene ne-platinum ne-iridium amakhandlela, banomthombo ophakeme - ukusuka ku-60 kuya ku-100 km ayizinkulungwane.

Igebe lamakhandlela - lokhu ubukhulu begebe phakathi kwama-electrodes aphakathi nendawo (ama) ohlangothini. Uma inkulu, inani le-voltage liyadingeka ukuze kuvele inhlansi. Cabangela kafushane izici ezithinta lokhu:

1. Igebe elikhulu lidala inhlansi enkulu, okungenzeka ukuthi ithungele ingxube yamafutha omoya, futhi ithuthukise nokushelela kwenjini.
2. Igebe lomoya elikhulu kakhulu kunzima ukulibhoboza ngenhlansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhona ukungcola, ukukhishwa kukagesi kungathola enye indlela ngokwayo - ngokusebenzisa i-insulator noma izintambo eziphezulu ze-voltage. Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esiphuthumayo.
3. Ukuma kwe-electrode ephakathi kuthinta ngokuqondile amandla enkambu kagesi ekhandlela. Lapho amathiphu abo aba mncane, likhulu inani le-tension. Amapulagi eplatinamu kanye ne-iridium spark anama-electrode azacile ngokwawo, ngakho ahlinzeka ngenhlansi yekhwalithi.

**Kufanele kwengezwe ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwama-electrode liyahlukahluka. Okokuqala, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekhandlela, ama-electrode avutha ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke udinga ukulungisa ibanga noma ukuthenga amakhandlela amasha. Okwesibili, uma ufake i-LPG (imishini yegesi) emotweni yakho, kufanele futhi usethe igebe elidingekayo phakathi kwama-electrode ukuze kushiswe izinga eliphezulu lalolu hlobo lukaphethiloli.

Inombolo yokushisa - leli inani elibonisa isikhathi lapho ikhandlela lifinyelela khona esimweni sokuvutha kokukhanya. Uma iphezulu inombolo yokukhanya, ikhandlela liyancipha ukushisa. Ngokwesilinganiso, amakhandlela ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe abe:

• "hot" (enenombolo ye-incandescent engu-11-14);
• "ophakathi" (ngokufanayo, 17-19);
• "kubanda" (kusuka ku-20 noma ngaphezulu);
• "indawo yonke" (11-20).

 Amapulagi "Ashisayo" aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini ezikhulisa amandla kancane. Kumayunithi anjalo, inqubo yokuzihlanza yenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ama-spark plugs "Cold" asetshenziswa ezinjini ezisheshisa kakhulu, okungukuthi, lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelelwa khona ngamandla enjini aphezulu.

**Kubalulekile ukukhetha ama-spark plug anesilinganiso sokukhanya esishiwo kubhukwana lemoto yakho. Uma ukhetha ikhandlela elinenombolo ephakeme, okungukuthi, faka ikhandlela "elibandayo", khona-ke umshini uzolahlekelwa amandla, ngoba akuwona wonke uphethiloli ozoshisa, futhi kuzovela insila kuma-electrode, ngoba izinga lokushisa ngeke lanele. enze umsebenzi wokuzihlanza. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ufaka ikhandlela "elishisayo" ngaphezulu, khona-ke ngokufanayo imoto izolahlekelwa amandla, kodwa inhlansi izoba namandla kakhulu, futhi ikhandlela liyozishisa. Ngakho-ke, landela njalo izincomo zomkhiqizi, futhi uthenge ikhandlela ngenombolo yokukhanya efanele!

Ungakwazi ukunquma umehluko phakathi kwamakhandlela abandayo nashisayo ngokumaka, noma ngokuma kwe-insulator ye-electrode ephakathi - encane kakhulu, ikhandlela elibandayo.

Osayizi bamakhandlela. Ngobukhulu bamakhandlela ahlukaniswe ngokuvumelana nemingcele eminingana. Ikakhulukazi, ubude bentambo, ububanzi, uhlobo lwentambo, usayizi wekhanda le-turnkey. Ngokusho kobude bentambo, amakhandlela ahlukaniswe amakilasi amathathu ayinhloko:

• mfushane - 12 mm;
• ubude - 19 mm;
• ubude - 25 mm.

Uma injini incane futhi inamandla aphansi, khona-ke amakhandlela anentambo yobude obufika ku-12 mm angafakwa kuyo. Mayelana nobude bentambo, i-14 mm iyinani elihambisanayo elivame kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bezimoto.

Hlala njalo unake izilinganiso ezikhonjisiwe. Uma uzama ukugoqa i-spark plug enobukhulu obungahambisani nenjini yemoto yakho, uzibeka engcupheni yokulimaza izintambo zesihlalo sepulaki noma kulimaze amavalvu. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuzoholela ekulungiseni okubizayo.

Imaphi ama-spark plug alungele injini ye-carbureted?

Ngokuvamile amakhandlela angabizi abekwe kuwo, ama-electrode enziwe nge-nickel noma ithusi. Lokhu kungenxa yentengo yabo ephansi kanye nezidingo ezifanayo eziphansi ezisebenza emakhandleleni. Njengomthetho, insiza yemikhiqizo enjalo ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30.

Imaphi ama-spark plug angcono kakhulu enjini yomjovo?

Sezikhona ezinye izidingo. Kulokhu, ungafaka womabili amakhandlela e-nickel angabizi kanye nozakwabo beplatinamu abakhiqizayo noma i-iridium. Nakuba zizobiza ngaphezulu, zinensiza ende, kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, uzoshintsha amakhandlela kancane kancane, futhi uphethiloli uzovutha ngokugcwele. Lokhu kuzothinta kahle amandla enjini, izici zayo eziguqukayo, futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi amakhandlela eplatinamu ne-iridium awadingi ukuhlanzwa, anomsebenzi wokuzihlanza. Imithombo ye-platinum amakhandlela - 50-60 ayizinkulungwane km, futhi iridium - 60-100 ayizinkulungwane km. Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi muva nje ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi kuye kwanda, intengo yamakhandlela e-platinum ne-iridium ihlale iyancipha. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise le mikhiqizo.

Imaphi ama-spark plug alungele igesi?

Ngokuqondene nemishini enemishini ye-gas-balloon efakiwe (HBO), amakhandlela anezici ezincane zokuklama kufanele afakwe kuyo. Ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yokuthi ingxube ye-air-fuel eyakhiwe igesi igcwele kancane, i-spark enamandla kakhulu iyadingeka ukuyithungela. Ngakho-ke, ezinjini ezinjalo kuyadingeka ukufaka amakhandlela ngegebe elincishisiwe phakathi kwama-electrode (cishe 0,1-0,3 mm, kuye ngokuthi injini). Kunamamodeli akhethekile okufakwa kwegesi. Kodwa-ke, uma ikhandlela lingalungiswa ngesandla, khona-ke lokhu kungenziwa ngekhandlela elivamile "likaphethiloli", ukunciphisa igebe elishiwo cishe ngo-0,1 mm. Ngemva kwalokho, ingafakwa enjinini esebenzisa igesi.