Idivayisi, izinhlobo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-rack steering

I-steering rack iyisisekelo sokuqondisa imoto, lapho umshayeli eqondisa khona amasondo emoto ngendlela oyifunayo. Ngisho noma ungeke ulungise imoto yakho ngokwakho, khona-ke ukuqonda ukuthi i-rack yokuqondisa isebenza kanjani nokuthi lo mshini usebenza kanjani kuyoba usizo, ngoba ukwazi amandla nobuthakathaka bayo, uzokwazi ukushayela imoto yabagibeli noma i-jeep ngokucophelela, ukwandisa impilo yayo yesevisi izolungiswa.

Injini iyinhliziyo yemoto, kodwa isiteringi yisona esinqumayo ukuthi iya kuphi. Ngakho-ke, wonke umshayeli kufanele okungenani aqonde ukuthi i-rack steering rack yemoto yakhe ihlelwe kanjani nokuthi iyini injongo yayo.

Ukusuka ku-paddle kuya ku-rack - ukuvela kokuqondisa

Ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho umuntu esanda kuqala ukuhlola umhlabathi namanzi, kodwa isondo lingakabi yisisekelo sokuhamba kwakhe, izihlenga nezikebhe kwaba yindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha impahla amabanga amade (okudlula uhambo losuku). Lezi zimoto zigcinwe emanzini, zihamba ngenxa yamandla ahlukahlukene, futhi ukuze zizilawule zasebenzisa idivayisi yokuqala yokuqondisa - isigwedlo esehliselwe emanzini, esitholakala ngemuva kwesihlenga noma isikebhe. Ukusebenza komshini onjalo bekungaphezulu kancane kunoziro, futhi amandla abalulekile angokomzimba nokubekezela kwakudingeka ukuze kuqondiswe umsebenzi wezandla endaweni efanele.

Njengoba ubukhulu nokugudluzwa kwemikhumbi kwakukhula, ukusebenza ngesigwedlo kwakudinga amandla engeziwe nangokwengeziwe ngokomzimba, ngakho kwathathelwa indawo isondo lokuqondisa elaliphendukisa iphini lokuqondisa phakathi kwesimiso sezinsimbi, okungukuthi, kwaba umshini wokuqala wokuqondisa. umlando. Ukusungulwa nokusabalala kwesondo kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuthutha ezihamba phansi, kodwa amandla ayo amakhulu okushayela kwakuyizilwane (amahhashi noma izinkunzi), ngakho esikhundleni sendlela yokulawula, ukuqeqeshwa kwasetshenziswa, okungukuthi, izilwane ziphendukela endleleni efanele kwabanye. isenzo somshayeli.

Ukusungulwa kwemishini yesitimu kanye nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqeda izilwane ezidonsayo futhi kulungiswe ngempela izimoto ezihamba phansi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwadingeka bazisungulele isimiso sokuqondisa esisebenza ngesimiso esihlukile. Ekuqaleni, basebenzisa amadivaysi alula, yingakho ukulawulwa kwezimoto zokuqala kudinga amandla amakhulu ngokomzimba, bese kancane kancane bashintshela kuma-gearbox ahlukahlukene, okwandisa amandla okuguqula amasondo, kodwa kwaphoqa isondo ukuba livule ngaphezulu. ngokujulile.

Enye inkinga ngomshini wokuqondisa obekufanele inqotshwe wukujika amasondo ngama-engeli ahlukene. I-trajectory yesondo engaphakathi, maqondana nokuphenduka kohlangothi, idlula endaweni engaba yincane, okusho ukuthi kufanele iphendulwe ngamandla ngaphezu kwesondo elingaphandle. Ezimotweni zokuqala bekungenjalo, yingakho amasondo angaphambili abeguga kakhulu kunawangemuva. Khona-ke kwakukhona ukuqonda kwe-angle yezinzwane, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungenzeka ukuyihlinzeka ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokuphambuka kokuqala kwamasondo komunye nomunye. Ngenkathi ushayela umugqa oqondile, lokhu cishe akunawo umthelela ku-rubber, futhi uma ijika ekhoneni, kwandisa ukuqina nokulawulwa kwemoto, futhi kunciphisa ukuguga kwamasondo.

Into yokuqala yokulawula egcwele ngokugcwele kwakuyikholomu yokuqondisa (kamuva leli gama alizange lisetshenziswe ku-gearbox, kodwa kumshini ophethe ingxenye engaphezulu ye-shaft yokuqondisa eyinhlanganisela), kodwa ukuba khona kwe-bipod eyodwa kuphela kwakudinga uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi ukudlulisa amandla okujikeleza kuwo womabili amasondo. Isiqongo sokuvela kwalezi zindlela kwakuwuhlobo olusha lweyunithi, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-steering rack", futhi lusebenza ngomgomo webhokisi legiya, okungukuthi, likhulisa i-torque, kodwa, ngokungafani nekholomu, lidlulisela amandla kuwo womabili. amasondo angaphambili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isakhiwo esijwayelekile

Nansi imininingwane eyinhloko eyakha isisekelo se-steering rack layout:

• shayela igiya;
• ujantshi;
• ukugcizelela (i-clamping mechanism);
• umzimba;
• ama-seal, ama-bushings nama-anthers.

Irack steering esigabeni

Lolu hlelo luyingxenye yomzila wanoma iyiphi imoto. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo othi "i-rack steering rack isebenza kanjani" iqala njalo kulolu hlu, ngoba ibonisa isakhiwo esijwayelekile seyunithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe eziningi namavidiyo athunyelwe ku-intanethi abonisa kokubili ukubukeka kwe-block kanye nengaphakathi layo, elifakwe ohlwini.

i-pinion gear

Le ngxenye iyi-shaft enamazinyo e-oblique noma aqondile anqunywe kuwo, afakwe ama-bearings emikhawulweni yomibili. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kunikeza indawo engaguquki ehlobene nomzimba kanye ne-rack kunoma iyiphi indawo yesondo lokuqondisa. I-shaft enamazinyo e-oblique i-angle kumzila wesitimela, ngenxa yokuthi bahlanganyela ngokucacile namazinyo aqondile kumzila wesitimela, i-shaft enamazinyo aqondile yafakwa emshinini wama-80s no-90 wekhulu elidlule, ingxenye enjalo kulula ukwenza, kodwa izinsiza zayo zesikhathi zincane kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimiso sokusebenza kwe-spur ne-helical gears siyefana, lesi sakamuva sinokwethenjelwa futhi asithambekele ekugijimeni, yingakho sekuyiyona eyinhloko ezindleleni zokuqondisa.

Kuzo zonke izimoto eziye zakhiqizwa kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kufakwe ama-helical shafts kuphela, lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo endaweni yokuxhumana futhi kwandise impilo yawo wonke umshini, okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-racks angahlonyisiwe. i-hydraulic (power steering) noma i-electric (EUR) booster. I-spur drive gear yayidumile e-USSR naseRussian Federation, yafakwa ezinguqulweni zokuqala zamagiya okuqondisa ezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angaphambili, nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nketho yashiywa ivuna igiya le-helical, ngoba i- u-gearbox uthembekile futhi udinga umzamo omncane ukujika isondo.

Ububanzi be-shaft kanye nenani lamazinyo kukhethwa ukuze kuguqulwe amasondo angu-2,5-4 ukuze kuguqulwe ngokuphelele amasondo ukusuka kwesokudla okwedlulele kuya endaweni yesokunxele ngokwedlulele futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Isilinganiso segiya esinjalo sinikeza amandla anele kumasondo, futhi sidala impendulo, okuvumela umshayeli ukuba "azizwele imoto", okungukuthi, izimo zokushayela ezinzima kakhulu, umzamo owengeziwe okufanele awenze ukuze aphendulele amasondo adingekayo. i-angle. Abanikazi bezimoto ezinezinsimbi zokuqondisa futhi abakhetha ukuzikhanda izimoto zabo bavame ukufaka imibiko yokulungisa ku-inthanethi, babanikeze izithombe ezinemininingwane, okuhlanganisa negiya lokushayela.

Igiya lokushayela lixhunywe kwikholomu yokuqondisa nge-compound shaft enamakhadi, okuwukuphepha, inhloso yawo ukuvikela umshayeli ngesikhathi eshayisana ukuze angashayi isiteringi esifubeni. Ngesikhathi somthelela, i-shaft enjalo iyagoqa futhi ayidluliseli amandla endaweni yabagibeli, okwakuyinkinga enkulu ezimotweni engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngakho-ke, emishini yesandla sokudla nesobunxele, leli giya litholakala ngokuhlukile, ngoba i-rack iphakathi nendawo, futhi igiya lihlangothini lwesondo lokuqondisa, okungukuthi, emaphethelweni eyunithi.

Isitimela

I-rack ngokwayo iyibha eyindilinga yensimbi eqinile, ekugcineni kwayo kukhona amazinyo ahambisana negiya lokushayela. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bengxenye yegiya buyi-15 cm, okwanele ukuguqula amasondo angaphambili ukusuka kwesokudla ngokwedlulele kuya kwesokunxele ngokweqile futhi okuphambene nalokho. Emaphethelweni noma phakathi nomzila wesitimela, kubholwa izimbobo ezinentambo ukuze kuxhunywe izinti zokuqondisa. Lapho umshayeli ephendula isondo lokuqondisa, igiya lokushayela lihambisa irack liyibhekise lapho kufanele, futhi, ngenxa yesilinganiso segiya esikhulu kakhulu, umshayeli angakwazi ukulungisa isiqondiso semoto sibe phakathi kwezingxenyana zedigri.

I-Steack rack

Ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo umshini onjalo, ujantshi ulungiswa ngomkhono kanye nomshini wokugoqa, owuvumela ukuthi uhambe kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, kodwa uwuvimbele ukuthi usuke egiyeni lokushayela.

I-clamping mechanism

Uma ushayela endaweni engalingani, i-gearbox yokuqondisa (i-rack/pinion pair) ithwala imithwalo ejwayele ukushintsha ibanga phakathi kwezinto zombili. Ukulungiswa okuqinile kwe-rack kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwayo kanye nokungakwazi ukuguqula isondo lokuqondisa, ngakho-ke, ukwenza ukuqondisa. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa okuqinile kuvunyelwe kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba weyunithi, kude negiya lokushayela, ngakolunye uhlangothi akukho ukulungiswa okuqinile futhi i-rack "ingakwazi ukudlala" kancane, iguquguqukayo ngokuhlobene negiya lokushayela. Lo mklamo awuhlinzeki nje ukuhlehla okuncane okuvimbela umshini ukuthi ungashadi, kodwa futhi udala impendulo enamandla, okuvumela izandla zomshayeli ukuthi zizwe umgwaqo ungcono.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-clamping mechanism umi kanje - isiphethu esinamandla athile sicindezela i-rack ngokumelene negiya, siqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwamazinyo okuqinile. Amandla adluliselwa emasondweni, acindezela i-rack kuya egiyeni, adluliswa kalula yizo zombili izingxenye, ngoba zenziwe ngensimbi eqinile. Kodwa amandla aqondiswe ngakolunye uhlangothi, okungukuthi, ukuhambisa zombili izakhi kude komunye nomunye, kunxeshezelwa ukuqina kwentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke i-rack ihamba kancane ukusuka egiyeni, kodwa lokhu akuphazamisi ukuhlanganyela kwezingxenye zombili.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, intwasahlobo yalo mshini ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo, futhi okufakiwe okwenziwe ngensimbi ethambile noma ipulasitiki eqinile igaya ngokumelene nomzila wesitimela, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle kokucindezela i-rack-gear pair. Uma izingxenye zisesimweni esihle, khona-ke isimo silungiswa ngokuqiniswa, ukucindezela isiphethu ngokumelene nebha ehambayo nge-nati nokubuyisela amandla okuqinisa afanele. Ochwepheshe bokukhanda izimoto bavame ukuthumela izithombe zazo zombili izingxenye zalo mshini kanye nezinsimbi embikweni wabo, ezibe sezithunyelwa kumaphothali ezimoto ahlukahlukene. Uma ukugqoka kwezingxenye kuye kwafinyelela inani eliyingozi, khona-ke zithathelwa indawo ezintsha, zibuyisele ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwawo wonke umshini.

Izindlu

Umzimba weyunithi wenziwe nge-aluminium alloy, futhi ubuye ufakwe ama-stiffeners, ngenxa yokuthi kwakungenzeka ukunciphisa isisindo ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla nokuqina. Amandla omzimba anele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithwalo eyenzekayo ngenkathi ushayela, ngisho nasezindaweni ezingalingani, ayilimazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwesikhala sangaphakathi somzimba siqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo yonke indlela yokuqondisa. Futhi, umzimba unezimbobo zokulungisa emzimbeni wemoto, ngenxa yokuthi uqoqa zonke izakhi zokuqondisa ndawonye, ​​​​ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wabo ohlangene.

Ama-seal, ama-bushings nama-anthers

Ama-bushings afakwe phakathi komzimba nomzila wesitimela anokumelana nokuguga okuphezulu futhi anikeze ukunyakaza okulula kwebha ngaphakathi komzimba. Izigxivizo zikawoyela zivikela indawo egcotshisiwe yomshini, okungukuthi, indawo ezungeze igiya lokushayela, ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwe-lubricant, futhi futhi iyihlukanise nothuli nokungcola. Ama-anthers avikela izindawo ezivulekile zomzimba lapho izinsimbi zokuqondisa zidlula khona. Kuye ngemodeli yomshini, banamathele emaphethelweni noma phakathi kwesitimela, kunoma yikuphi, yi-anthers evikela izindawo ezivulekile zomzimba othulini nokungcola.

Ukuguqulwa kanye nezinhlobo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kokuvela kwayo, i-rake yayiyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqondisa, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kwashukumisela abakhiqizi ukuba baqhubeke nokuguqula le divayisi. Njengoba izindlela eziyinhloko kusukela ekubukeni kweyunithi, kanye nomklamo kanye nesikimu sokusebenza kwayo akushintshile, abakhiqizi baye baqondisa imizamo yabo yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle ngokufaka amadivaysi ahlukahlukene okukhulisa amandla.

Eyokuqala yayiyi-hydraulic booster, inzuzo eyinhloko okwakuyinto elula yokuklama nge-exactingness eyedlulele yokusebenza kahle, ngoba ama-rack steering ane-power steering awazange akubekezelele ukuphendukela ku-angle esiphezulu ngesivinini esiphezulu senjini. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kokuqondisa kwamandla kwakuwukuncika kwemoto, ngoba kulapho ipompo yomjovo ixhunywe khona. Isimiso sokusebenza kwalesi sisetshenziswa siwukuthi lapho isondo lokuqondisa liphenduka, i-hydraulic distributor inikeza uketshezi kwelinye lamakamelo amabili, lapho amasondo efika ekuphendukeni okuhambisanayo, ukunikezwa kwamanzi kuyama. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, amandla adingekayo ukuze uvule amasondo ayancishiswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa impendulo, okungukuthi, umshayeli uqondisa kahle futhi uzwe umgwaqo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa yokubeka kagesi eziqondisa (EUR), Nokho, onobuhle lokuqala la madivayisi abangela ukugxekwa okukhulu, ngoba ama-alamu amanga ngokuvamile kwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi imoto ngokuzenzekelayo waphenduka ngenkathi ushayela. Phela, indima yokusabalalisa idlalwe yi-potentiometer, okuthi, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ayizange inikeze ulwazi olufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli phutha lacishe laqedwa ngokuphelele, ngenxa yokuthi ukwethembeka kokulawulwa kwe-EUR akukhona ukuthi kungaphansi kokuqondisa kwamandla. Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto sebevele besebenzisa isiteringi samandla kagesi, esihlanganisa izinzuzo zemishini kagesi kanye ne-hydraulic, futhi engenakho ukuntula kwabo okubi.

Ngakho-ke, namuhla ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo kwezinhlobo zama-racks okuqondisa kuye kwamukelwa:

• elula (imishini) - cishe ayikaze isetshenziswe ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nesidingo sokwenza umzamo omkhulu wokuguqula amasondo endaweni;
• nge-hydraulic booster (hydraulic) - ingenye ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuklama kwabo okulula nokugcinwa okuphezulu, kodwa i-booster ayisebenzi lapho injini icishiwe;
• nge-booster kagesi (kagesi) - nazo zingenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu, kancane kancane zishintsha amayunithi nge-power steering, ngoba zisebenza ngisho nalapho injini icishiwe, nakuba inkinga yokusebenza okungahleliwe ingakaqedwa ngokuphelele;
• nge-electric hydraulic booster, ehlanganisa izinzuzo zazo zombili izinhlobo zangaphambilini, okungukuthi, zisebenza ngisho nalapho injini icishiwe futhi "ungamjabulisi" umshayeli ngohambo olungahleliwe.

i-steering rack ene-EUR

Lesi simiso sokuhlukanisa sivumela umnikazi noma umthengi ongase abe umthengi wemoto yomgibeli ukuthi ahlole ngokushesha zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zokuqondisa kwemodeli ethile.

Ukushintshelana

Abakhiqizi bezimoto cishe abakaze bakhiqize ama-rack kanye ne-pinion steering systems, okuhlukile kwakungu-AvtoVAZ, kodwa ngisho nalapho lo msebenzi wadluliselwa kubalingani, ngakho-ke, uma kuneziphambeko ezinzima kule yunithi, lapho ukulungiswa kungenanzuzo, kubalulekile ukukhetha hhayi kuphela imodeli, kodwa futhi umenzi walo mshini. Omunye wabaholi kule makethe yi-ZF, egxile ekukhiqizeni zonke izinhlobo zamayunithi, kusukela ku-othomathikhi kuya kumishini yokuqondisa. Esikhundleni sesitimela se-ZF, ungathatha i-analogue yaseShayina eshibhile, ngoba isifunda sabo nobukhulu bufana, kodwa ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside, ngokungafani nedivayisi yasekuqaleni. Ngokuvamile, izimoto ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ubudala zifakwe isitimela esivela kwabanye abakhiqizi, okuqinisekiswa ngezithombe zezimpawu zabo ezifakwe ku-intanethi.

Imvamisa, izingcweti zasegaraji zibeka ama-steering racks ezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo, amamodeli ahlukahlukene eToyota, ezimotweni zasekhaya. Ukushintshwa okunjalo kudinga ukuguqulwa okuyingxenye kodonga olungemuva lwenjini, kodwa imoto ithola iyunithi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu edlula imikhiqizo ye-AvtoVAZ kuzo zonke izici. Uma isitimela esivela ku-"Toyota" efanayo ifakwe i-booster kagesi noma ye-hydraulic, khona-ke ngisho ne-"Nine" endala, ngokuzumayo, ngokunethezeka, isondela kakhulu ngezimoto zakwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Idivayisi ye-rack steering rack iwukuthi lo mshini ungenye yezinto ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu emotweni, futhi iningi lokungasebenzi kahle lihlotshaniswa nokugqoka (ukulimala) kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, noma izingozi zomgwaqo, okungukuthi, izingozi noma izingozi. Ngokuvamile, abalungisi kufanele bashintshe ama-anthers nezimpawu, kanye nama-racks agugile namagiya okushayela, i-mileage edlula amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Kufanele futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uqinise umshini wokubopha, okungenxa yohlelo lomshini wokuqondisa, kodwa lesi senzo asidingi ukushintshwa kwezingxenye. Kancane kancane, umzimba wale yunithi, oqhekeke ngenxa yengozi, udinga ukushintshwa, lapho umzila wesitimela okwazi ukuseviswa, igiya kanye nendlela yokubopha idluliselwa kumzimba onikelayo.

Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokulungisa le nodi yilezi:

• umdlalo wokuqondisa;
• ukungqongqoza ngenkathi ushayela noma uphenduka;
• ukukhanya ngokweqile noma ukuqondisa okuqinile.

Lezi ziphambeko zihlotshaniswa nokugqoka kwezingxenye eziyinhloko ezakha i-rack steering rack, ngakho-ke zingase zifakwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo.

Uphi

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-rack steering itholakala kuphi nokuthi ibukeka kanjani, faka imoto ku-lift noma i-overpass, bese uvula i-hood bese uvula amasondo kunoma iyiphi indlela aze ayeke. Bese ulandela lapho izinsimbi zokuqondisa ziholela khona, yilapho le mishini itholakala khona, efana neshubhu ye-aluminium eyi-ribbed, lapho i-cardan shaft esuka ku-shaft yokuqondisa ingena khona. Uma ungenayo isipiliyoni sokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo futhi ungazi ukuthi le nodi ikuphi, bheka izithombe namavidiyo lapho ababhali bebonisa indawo yesitimela ezimotweni zabo, kanye nezindlela ezilula kakhulu zokuyifinyelela: lokhu kuzokusindisa emaphutheni amaningi, kuhlanganise nenombolo eholela ekulimaleni.

Funda futhi: I-steering rack damper - inhloso kanye nemithetho yokufaka

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imodeli nonyaka wokukhiqiza, lo mshini uhlale ubekwe odongeni olungemuva lwegumbi lenjini, ngakho-ke ungabonakala ohlangothini lwesondo eliguquliwe. Ukulungisa noma ukushintshwa, kulula kakhulu ukufika kuyo kusuka phezulu, ngokuvula i-hood, noma kusuka ngezansi, ngokususa ukuvikelwa kwenjini, futhi ukukhetha kwendawo yokufinyelela kuncike kumodeli nokucushwa kwemoto.

isiphetho

I-steering rack iyisisekelo sokuqondisa imoto, lapho umshayeli eqondisa khona amasondo emoto ngendlela oyifunayo. Ngisho noma ungeke ulungise imoto yakho ngokwakho, khona-ke ukuqonda ukuthi i-rack yokuqondisa isebenza kanjani nokuthi lo mshini usebenza kanjani kuyoba usizo, ngoba ukwazi amandla nobuthakathaka bayo, uzokwazi ukushayela imoto yabagibeli noma i-jeep ngokucophelela, ukwandisa impilo yayo yesevisi izolungiswa.

Unganquma kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-steering rack - ividiyo