Idivayisi nokugcinwa kwe-timing belt drive VAZ 2107

Ngokufaka i-belt drive esikhundleni se-timing chain drive, onjiniyela be-VAZ banciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yenjini futhi banciphisa umsindo wayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kushintshwe ibhande lesikhathi, elithathe indawo yeketanga lemigqa emibili elinokwethenjelwa futhi eliqinile. Le nqubo ayithathi isikhathi esiningi futhi ingaphakathi kwamandla abashayeli abasha abanqume ukuzimela esikhundleni sebhande lesikhathi ku-VAZ 2107 yasekhaya "yakudala".

Idivayisi kanye nezici ze-timing belt drive yemoto ye-VAZ 2107

Ukukhiqizwa kweyunithi yamandla engu-8-valve engu-1.3-litre ye-VAZ enebhande esikhundleni seketango lesikhathi kwaqala ngo-1979. Ekuqaleni, i-VAZ 2105 ICE yakhiqizwa nge-index 21011 futhi yayihloselwe imodeli yeZhiguli yegama elifanayo, kodwa kamuva yafakwa kwezinye izimoto ze-Togliatti - i-VAZ 2107 sedan kanye nenqola yesiteshi ye-VAZ 2104. Isinqumo sokufaka i- ibhande lokushayela esikhundleni se-timing chain drive lidalwe ukwanda komsindo wakamuva. Ngakho-ke, akuyona injini ethule kakhulu eyaqala ukwenza umsindo owengeziwe njengoba izingxenye zomshini ziguga. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwenza iyunithi yamandla ibe yesimanje kakhulu, kodwa ngokubuyisela kwakudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwesimo sezakhi zesakhiwo ngasinye.

I-timing belt drive inenzuzo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi nokusebenza okuthule, kodwa ilahlekelwa yi-chain drive ngokuya ngokwethembeka.

Imisebenzi eyenziwe ngaphambilini ngeketango yabelwa idrayivu yebhande. Ngenxa yakhe, iqala ukunyakaza:

• camshaft, lapho izikhathi zokuvula nokuvala ama-valve zilawulwa. Ukuze udlulise i-torque kusuka ku-crankshaft, kusetshenziswa ibhande elinamazinyo kanye nama-pulleys afanayo. Umjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi enemivimbo emine wenziwa ukuguqulwa okubili kwe-crankshaft. Njengoba kulokhu i-valve ngayinye idinga ukuvulwa kanye kuphela, isivinini se-camshaft kufanele sibe ngaphansi izikhathi ezi-2. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-pulley anamazinyo anesilinganiso segiya esingu-2:1;
• i-auxiliary drive shaft (egaraji i-slang "ingulube"), edlulisela ukujikeleza kwipompo likawoyela kanye nomsabalalisi wokuthungela wezinjini ze-carburetor, futhi iqinisekisa nokusebenza kwepompo likaphethiloli.

Lapho bethuthukisa umklamo we-timing belt drive, onjiniyela be-VAZ basebenzisa ulwazi lwabathuthukisi bezimoto ze-FORD

Amazinyo aguquguqukayo ezingxenyeni zokushayela isikhathi avimbela ukushelela kwesici sesakhiwo senjoloba futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza okuvumelanayo kwe-crank kanye nezindlela zokusabalalisa igesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ibhande linwebeka, ngakho-ke, ukuze livimbele ukuthi lingagxumi emazinyweni e-pulley, idrayivu yayifakwe iyunithi yokucindezela okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ezingxenyeni ze-crank kanye ne-gas distribution systems lapho ibhande liphuka, i-piston ye-VAZ "ibhande" injini yayifakwe ama-grooves akhethekile, abashayeli abavame ukubiza ngokuthi ama-counterbores noma ama-scrapers. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuzungezisa kwe-crankshaft ne-camshaft kungavumelaniswa, izikhala ku-piston ziyivimbela ukuthi ingashayi ivalve evulekile. Ngenxa yaleli qhinga elincane, ungakwazi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora - vele usethe umshini kumamaki bese ubuyisela ingxenye eyonakele.

Ukushintshwa kwamabhande wesikhathi VAZ

I-prototype ye "ibhande" injini ye-VAZ yayiyiyunithi yamandla ye-OHC, eyafakwa emotweni yabagibeli ye-FORD Pinto. Indlela yayo yokwenza isikhathi yayishayela ibhande elinamazinyo enziwe nge-fiberglass elalinamazinyo angu-122. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhande le-VAZ 2105 linenani elifanayo lamazinyo nobukhulu obufanayo, abanikazi ngabanye be-"classic" yasekhaya babenolunye uhlobo lwamabhande enziwe eRussia. Yiqiniso, bambalwa kuphela ababe nethuba elinjalo - ngezikhathi zokuntuleka okuphelele, kwakudingeka baneliseke ngemikhiqizo engathembeki kangako evela esitshalweni se-Balakovrezinotekhnika. Ekuqaleni, injini yafakwa amabhande e-BRT kuphela, kodwa kamuva, amabhande ahlala isikhathi eside avela kuGates, ongumholi womhlaba kule ngxenye yemakethe, aqala ukunikezwa kubathumeli besitshalo seVolzhsky.

Namuhla kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ungathola ibhande lesikhathi i-VAZ 2105 hhayi kuphela elifuywayo, kodwa futhi nabakhiqizi bezwe abaziwayo.

Namuhla, umnikazi we-VAZ 2107 unokukhethwa okukhulu kwezingxenye ezisele, kuhlanganise nalezo ze-timing belt drive. Lapho uthenga, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi amabhande anamazinyo anenombolo yekhathalogi 2105-2105 (kwesinye isipelingi 1006040) afaneleka kuyunithi yamandla yeVAZ 21051006040. Sekuvele kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi imikhiqizo yenjoloba eyenziwe nguGates noBosch ibhekwa njengengcono kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yeziqhwaga zemboni yomhlaba, efana ne-Contitech, Kraft, Hanse, GoodYear kanye ne-Wego, ayinayo ikhwalithi encane. Ukunikezwa okushibhile kwe-Luzar yasekhaya kubangela ukugxekwa kakhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akumelelwa kabanzi kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa njengabaholi bemakethe.

Egameni lami, ngingangeza ukuthi abanikazi be "sevens" bangasebenzisa ibhande lesikhathi elijwayelekile elisuka ezimotweni ze-FORD. Amabhande avela ku-Pinto, Capri, Scorpio, Sierra kanye ne-Taunus 1984 futhi ngonyaka olandelayo izinjini ze-OHC zilungele injini "ezinhlanu". Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuze kube ngu-1984, ibhande lamazinyo angu-122 lalifakwe kuphela kumayunithi wamandla anevolumu engu-1800 cm3 no-2000 cm3. Isici sokushayela se-powertrains ebuthakathaka engu-1.3 no-1.6 cc sasimfushane futhi sinamazinyo angu-119.

Indlela ye-tension

Ukuze ibhande lesikhathi le-VAZ 2107 lihlale licindezelekile, okulula kakhulu (umuntu angase athi ngisho ne-primitive), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kusetshenziswa umklamo osebenza kahle kakhulu nonokwethenjelwa. Isekelwe epuleti lensimbi elicatshangelwe (ngemuva kwalokhu - i-lever ye-tensioner), lapho kufakwa khona i-roller ebushelelezi ene-rolling bearing ecindezelweyo. Isisekelo sepuleti sinembobo kanye nembobo yokunamathisela okususwayo kwe-lever kubhulokhi yesilinda. Ukucindezela ebhandeni kwenziwa ngenxa yesiphethu sensimbi esinamandla, esixhunywe ekugcineni kwesinye kubakaki epuleti elijikelezayo, kanti kwelinye lixhunywe ngokuqinile kubhawodi elifakwe ku-cylinder block.

I-roller ye-tension evela ku-VAZ classic nayo ifaneleka kamuva, amamodeli we-front-wheel drive VAZ 2108, i-VAZ 2109 nokuguqulwa kwawo.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kokubili indawo ethinta i-roller nebhande lenjoloba kuyaguga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho ushintsha ibhande lesikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka isimo se-tensioner. Uma i-roller isesimweni esihle, khona-ke ukuthwala kuyahlanzwa, emva kwalokho ingxenye entsha yamafutha isetshenziswa. Ngokusolisa okuncane, ingxenye yesakhiwo ejikelezayo kufanele ishintshwe. Ngendlela, abanye abashayeli bakhetha ukufaka i-roller entsha ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokushintsha ibhande, ngaphandle kokulinda kuze kube yilapho ukuthwala kwayo kwehluleka. Mangisho ukuthi namuhla izindleko zale ngxenye zisuka kuma-ruble angama-400 kuye kwangama-600, ngakho-ke izenzo zabo zingabhekwa njengezifanelekile.

Ukushintsha ibhande lesikhathi ku-VAZ 2107

Umkhiqizi umemezela isidingo sokwenza ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ukuze kushintshwe ibhande lesikhathi njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-60. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bangempela be-VAZ "yebhande" enesakhiwo sakudala sikhuluma ngesidingo sokushintshwa okunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30, bethi ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kuvela ebusweni bebhande. Futhi, kufanele ngisho, izitatimende ezinjalo azinasisekelo - konke kuncike kukhwalithi. Imikhiqizo yenjoloba eyenziwe eRussia ayifani nokuqina, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyishintsha kakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ngemuva kwezinkulungwane ezingama-40 km. Uma kungenjalo, ingozi yokubhajwa emgwaqeni ngenjini engenzi lutho ikhula kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngemikhiqizo yemikhiqizo yangaphandle eyaziwayo, khona-ke ukujwayela kubonise ukuthi basebenza kalula isikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokho basesimweni esivamile sokusebenza. Futhi nokho, akufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho idrayivu yesikhathi yehluleka. Ibhande kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• lapho ufinyelela inani eliwumkhawulo lemayela elibekwe umenzi (ngemuva kuka-60000 km);
• uma ngesikhathi sokuhlola imifantu, i-delamination yenjoloba, izinyembezi nezinye iziphambeko zembulwa;
• ngokunwebeka ngokweqile;
• uma kwenziwa ukulungiswa kwenjini okukhulu noma okukhulu.

Umsebenzi ojwayelekile wenziwa kangcono ekuphakameni noma ukusuka emgodini wokubuka. Ukuqala ngokufaka esikhundleni, udinga ukulungiselela:

• ibhande lesikhathi elihle lekhwalithi;
• i-tensioner roller;
• isikulidilayiva;
• i-crank;
• isethi yama-wrenches namakhanda avulekile (ikakhulukazi, uzodinga amathuluzi angu-10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm no-30 mm).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuba nebhulashi lensimbi nama-rags okuzokwazi ukuhlanza ngalo izingxenye zokushayela ezingcolile.

Indlela yokukhipha ibhande eligugile

Okokuqala, udinga ukunqamula futhi ukhiphe ibhethri emotweni, bese uqaqa ibhande lokushayela i-alternator. Usebenzisa isokhethi "17" efakwe kusandiso, khulula inadi elilungisa iyunithi kagesi bese ulihambisa ngasebhulokhi yesilinda. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhande likhululiwe, likhishwa kuma-pulleys ngomzamo omncane noma ongekho.

Ukulungisa ijeneretha endaweni oyifunayo kunikezwa ubakaki onegroove ende kanye ne-wrench nut engu-17"

I-casing yokuvikela idrayivu yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi inezingxenye ezintathu, ngakho-ke ihlakazwa ngezigaba ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, usebenzisa ukhiye "10", susa ingxenye engenhla ye-casing. Ibanjwe endaweni ngebhawodi ngaphambili kwesembozo sevalvu. Izingxenye ezimaphakathi neziphansi zebhokisi lokuvikela zinamathiselwe ku-cylinder block - ukudilizwa kwazo akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Ngemva kokuthola ukufinyelela ezingxenyeni zedrayivu yesikhathi, ungaqala ukushintsha izingxenye ezigugile.

Ukuze ukhiphe ibhande elidala, khulula ibhawudi elifaka i-tensioner lever ngesokhethi “13” - litholakala maqondana ne-slot epuletini layo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokhiye othi "30", i-roller kufanele iguqulwe - lokhu kuzokhulula ukungezwani kwebhande elinamazinyo futhi livumele ukuthi lihanjiswe ne-pulley, bese lisuswa ngokuphelele ekamelweni lenjini. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha, zama ukungasusi i-axiliary drive shaft endaweni yayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuthungela kuzolungiswa kabi ngokuphelele.

I-casing ye-timing drive VAZ 2105 iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene. Isithombe sibonisa ikhava ephezulu, evikela i-camshaft pulley ekungcoleni.

Ngokwami ​​isipiliyoni, ngingancoma ukuthi ngiguqule i-crankshaft ngaphambi kokuqaqa ibhande elidala ukuze kufakwe umshini ngokuya ngamamaki. Ngemuva kwalokho, susa isembozo sokusabalalisa (i-ignition distributor) bese ubheka ukuthi isilayidi saso sikhomba kusiphi isilayidi - esokuqala noma sesi-1. Lapho ihlanganiswa kabusha, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuqala injini, ngoba ngeke kudingeke ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi yalezi zisilinda lapho kwenzeka khona ukucindezela kwengxube kaphethiloli.

Imaka ku-crankshaft

Ukuzungezisa okuvumelanayo kwawo womabili amashafu kuzoqinisekiswa kuphela uma efakwe kahle ekuqaleni. Njengesiqalo, abaklami be-ICE bakhetha ukuphela kwe-compression stroke kusilinda sokuqala. Kulokhu, i-piston kufanele ibe endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-top dead center (TDC). Ezinjinini zokuqala ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, lo mzuzu wanqunywa uphenyo olwehliselwe ekamelweni lokushisa - lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzwa ngokuthinta indawo yepiston lapho uphendula i-crankshaft. Namuhla, ukusetha i-crankshaft endaweni efanele kulula kakhulu - abakhiqizi benza uphawu ku-pulley yayo futhi benze amamaki ku-cast-iron cylinder block.

Uphawu ku-crankshaft pulley kufanele luqondaniswe nophawu olude kunawo wonke ku-cylinder block

Ngesikhathi sokushintsha ibhande, i-crankshaft iyazungeziswa kuze kube yilapho uphawu ku-pulley yalo lubekwe ngokuphambene nomugqa omude kakhulu ku-cylinder block. Phela, lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ku-VAZ 2105 izinjini, kodwa futhi nanoma iyiphi enye iyunithi yamandla ye-VAZ "yakudala".

Ukufakwa kwamamaki esikhathi kufanele kuhlukaniswe nomsebenzi wokulungisa isikhathi sokubasa. Esimweni sokugcina, i-crankshaft ifakwe ukuze i-piston ingafinyeleli i-TDC kancane. Kudingeka amadigri ambalwa kusengaphambili ukuze ushise ngaphambili, okuvumela ukuthi uthungele ingxube kaphethiloli ngesikhathi esifanele. Amanye amamaki amabili kubhulokhi yesilinda akuvumela ukuthi unqume kahle lesi sikhathi. Ukuqondanisa uphawu ku-pulley ngomugqa omfushane kakhulu (ophakathi nendawo) kuzonikeza ukuhola kwama-degree angu-5, kuyilapho okwedlulele (ubude obuphakathi) kuzokuvumela ukuthi usethe ukuthungela kokuqala - ama-degree angu-10 ngaphambi kwe-TDC.

Ukuqondanisa amamaki e-camshaft

Iyunithi yamandla ye-VAZ 2105 ene-belt drive ihluke ezinjini ze-2101, 2103 kanye ne-2106 ngoba uphawu lwegiya le-camshaft lwenziwa ngengozi encane, hhayi ichashazi, njengoba kungabonakala kuma-sprockets ama-motor ashiwo. . I-dash ehambisanayo yenziwa ngendlela ye-tide encane esembozweni se-aluminium camshaft, eduze kwembobo yokunamathisela i-casing yokuvikela ye-belt drive. Ukusetha amamaki omunye ngokuphambene nomunye, i-camshaft iphendulwa ngokubamba ibhowudi yegiya ngokhiye noma ukuzungezisa i-pulley ngokwayo ngesandla.

Ingozi egiyeni le-camshaft kufanele ihambisane ncamashi ne-tide esembozweni se-duralumin

Hlukanisa i-camshaft yegiya

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ibhande lesikhathi elenziwe ngerabha liyanwebeka ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa. Ukunxephezela ubuthakathaka bayo futhi ugweme ukugxuma emazinyweni we-pulley, abakhiqizi batusa ukuqinisa ibhande okungenani kanye njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Kodwa ukuguqulwa kwezici zomugqa wesinye sezakhi zokushayela kunomunye umphumela omubi - kubangela ukugudluka kwe-angular ye-camshaft, ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi se-valve sishintsha.

Nge-elongation ephawulekayo, kungenzeka ukusetha umshini ngokuvumelana namamaki ngokuguqula i-pulley engenhla ngezinyo elilodwa. Esimweni lapho, lapho ibhande lishintshwa, amamaki ashintshela kolunye uhlangothi, ungasebenzisa i-split gear (pulley) ye-camshaft. Ihabhu layo lingashintshwa ngokuhlobene nomqhele, ukuze indawo ye-camshaft ehlobene ne-crankshaft ingashintshwa ngaphandle kokukhulula ibhande. Kulokhu, isinyathelo sokulinganisa singaba ingxenye yeshumi yedigri.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwegiya le-camshaft kuvumela ukulungiswa okuhle kwesikhathi se-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ibhande

Ungenza i-pulley ehlukanisiwe ngezandla zakho, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yalokhu kuzodingeka uthenge elinye lamagiya afanayo futhi usebenzise usizo lwe-turner. Ungabhekisisa inqubo yokukhiqiza yengxenye ethuthukisiwe kuvidiyo engezansi.

Ividiyo: ukwenza igiya lokuhlukanisa isikhathi le-VAZ 2105 ngezandla zakho

Hlukanisa igiya ku-VAZ 2105

Ukulungiswa kwempikiswano

Ukuqondanisa amamaki, faka ngokucophelela ibhande eliyisipele. Ngemva kwalokho, ungaqala ukulungisa ukungezwani kwayo. Futhi lapha umenzi wenze lula ukuphila koomakhenikha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwanele ukuzungezisa i-crankshaft izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuya kwewashi ukuze isiphethu sensimbi sidale ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla okucindezela afiswayo. Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kokugcina kwevidiyo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ukuqondana kwamalebula futhi. Lapho besuswa, inqubo yokufaka idrayivu iyaphindwa, futhi ngemuva kokuphothula ngempumelelo isheke, i-tensioner iboshwe ngokhiye "13".

Irola igxiliswe endaweni egxilile ngebhawodi ekhonjiswe umcibisholo.

Okusele nje ukuhlola ukuthi i-rotor yokusabalalisa isendaweni yesilinda 1 bese uzama ukuqala injini. Uma lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka, khona-ke umsabalalisi wokushisa kufanele aphakanyiswe ngokuguqula i-shaft yayo ukuze isilayidi sibhekene nokuxhumana kwesilinda sesi-4.

Ividiyo: izici zokushintsha ibhande lesikhathi

Ukushintsha ibhande lesikhathi ku-VAZ 2104-05

Njengoba ubona, esikhundleni ibhande Vaz 2107 akunzima kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ngisho nomshayeli novice. Amandla, ukuthembeka kanye nomnotho wemoto kuncike endaweni efanele yamamaki kanye nokungezwani okulungile kwebhande, ngakho-ke kufanele ubonise ukunakwa okuphezulu nokunemba emsebenzini. Kuphela kulesi simo ungathembela ekutheni injini ngeke ihluleke ohambweni olude futhi imoto izobuyela njalo egaraji layo lendabuko ngaphansi kwamandla ayo.