Okokufundisa: ukuhlola amasekethe kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi

Sizobona ukuthi singathola kanjani futhi sixazulule kanjani izinkinga kumjikelezo kagesi webhethri, ukuqala kukagesi, ukuthungela nokukhanyisa. Ngemiyalo ye-multimeter nefanele, lo msebenzi awunzima kangako. Lo mhlahlandlela womakhenikha ulethwa kuwe eLouis-Moto.fr.

Uma ungabaza ngolwazi lwakho ngogesi, sikucebisa ukuthi uchofoze lapha ngaphambi kokuqala lesi sifundo. Ukuthola ukuthi ungahlola kanjani amasekethe kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi, landela lesi sixhumanisi.

Ukuhlola amasekethe kagesi wesithuthuthu

Lapho isiqalisi sikagesi siphendula ngobuvila, kuqoqana izinhlansi ezibalulekile, amalambu angaphambili ayacima futhi amafomu aqhume ngesilinganiso esethusayo, lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo kubashayeli bamabhayisikili abaningi. Ngenkathi amaphutha womshini etholwa ngokushesha, amaphutha kagesi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, awabonakali, afihliwe, athule futhi avame ukudala ukulimala kuyo yonke imoto. Kodwa-ke, ngokubekezela okuncane, i-multimeter (ngisho eshibhile), kanye nemiyalo embalwa, awudingi ukuba nguchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe bezimoto ukulandelela amaphutha anjalo futhi ukugcinele izindleko zokulungisa eziphakeme.

Ngokushisa, ukukhanyisa, ukuqala kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, izithuthuthu eziningi (ngaphandle kwama-enduro ambalwa namamodeli amadala wama-moped noma ama-moped) adonsa amandla ebhethri. Uma ibhethri likhishiwe, lezi zimoto ziyoba nzima kakhulu ukuzishayela. 

Empeleni, ibhethri elilahliwe lingaba nezimbangela ezimbili: noma isifunda samanje sokushaja asisashajeli ibhethri ngokwanele ngenkathi ushayela, noma ukwehluleka kwamanje endaweni ethile endaweni kagesi. Uma kunezimpawu zokungashajwa okwanele kwebhethri yi-alternator (isibonelo, isiqalisi siphendula ngokuvilapha, isibani esikhulu siyafiphala ngenkathi ushayela, inkomba yokushaja iyakhanya), inikeze ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zesekethe yokushaja ukuze ihlolwe okubonakalayo: izixhumi zepulaki. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-alternator nesilawuli kufanele kuxhumeke ngokuphephile nangokuhlanzekile, izintambo ezihambisanayo akumele zibonise izimpawu zokuphuka, ukuhuzuka, umlilo noma ukugqwala (“kungenwe” ukugqwala okuluhlaza), uxhumano lwebhethri akumele futhi lubonise izimpawu zokugqwala ( uma (kudingekile, hlanza ubuso ngommese futhi usebenzise i-lubricant kuma-terminals), i-generator kanye nesilawuli / isilungisi akufanele sibe neziphambeko ezibonakalayo zemishini. 

Qhubeka nokuhlola izingxenye ezahlukahlukene, ibhethri kufanele libe sesimweni esihle futhi ligcwaliswe ngokuphelele. Uma kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kokukodwa kwezinto ezisembuthweni wokushaja, hlola futhi zonke ezinye izinto kuleso sifunda ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi azilimazi.

Ihlola umjikelezo wokushaja - ake siqale

01 - I-voltage yokushaja

Ukulinganisa ibhethri yokushaja ibhethri kukhombisa ukuthi isekhethi yokushaja isebenza kahle. Phakamisa imoto (mhlawumbe injini efudumele) bese uqinisekisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukufinyelela ezikhumulweni zebhethri. Ngezinhlelo zikagesi ezingama-12-volt, setha i-multimeter ebangeni lokulinganisa elingu-20 V (DC) kuqala bese uyixhuma kumatheminali amahle nakabi ebhethri. 

Uma ibhethri lisesimweni esihle, i-voltage engasebenzi kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-12,5 no-12,8 V. Qalisa injini bese unyusa ijubane ize ifike ku-3 rpm. Uma isekethe yokulayisha iphilile, i-voltage manje kufanele inyuke ize ifinyelele kunani lomkhawulo, kepha ayidluli.

Ngokuya ngemoto, lo mkhawulo uphakathi kuka-13,5 no-15 V; ukuthola inani eliqondile bheka imanuwali yesevisi yemodeli yemoto yakho. Uma leli nani lidluliwe, isilawuli sevolthi (esivame ukwakha iyunithi enesilungisi) sehluleka futhi asisawulawuli kahle umthwalo wamandla. Lokhu kungaholela, ngokwesibonelo, ekuvuza kwe-asidi ebhethri ("ukuchichima") futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulimaza ibhethri ngenxa yokushaja ngokweqile.

Ukuboniswa kweziqongo zamandla ezidlulayo kukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kokulungisa kanye / noma kwe-generator. Uma, ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kwesivinini senjini, ungaboni ukwanda kwamandla kagesi, i-alternator ingahle inganikezeli njengamanje ukushaja okwanele; lapho-ke idinga ukubhekwa. 

02 - Ukuhlola ijeneretha

Qala ngokukhomba uhlobo lwe-alternator efakwe emotweni yakho bese uhlola amaphuzu alandelayo:

Ukulawula i-magnet rotor radial alternator ehlala njalo

Ama-alternator anezinkanyezi asebenza nge-Rotor Rotor engapheli ejikeleza ukunika amandla ama-stator windings angaphandle. Bagijima kubhavu kawoyela, isikhathi esiningi kumagazini we-crankshaft. Ngokuvamile, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka ngokugcwala ngokweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile komlawuli.

Ihlola amandla wokushaja angaqinisekiswanga

Misa injini ucishe ukuthungela. Nqamula i-harseator ye-alternator kusilawuli / isilungisi. Bese ulinganisa i-voltage ngqo ku-generator (khetha kuqala ibanga lokulinganisa kuze kufike ku-200 VAC).

Xhuma izikhonkwane ezimbili zesixhumi se-generator ngokulandelana ekuholeni kokuhlolwa kwe-multimeter. Qalisa injini cishe cishe u-3 kuye ku-000 rpm.

Linganisa i-voltage, misa imoto, xhuma isivivinyo siholela enhlanganisweni ehlukile yokuxhuma, qala kabusha imoto ngesinye isilinganiso, njll. Uma amanani alinganiswayo ayalingana (i-generator yamabhayisikili esayizi emaphakathi ngokujwayelekile ikhipha phakathi kwama-volts angama-50 kuye kwangama-70; bona imanuwali yensizakalo yemodeli yemoto yakho ngamanani ngqo), i-generator isebenza ngokujwayelekile. Uma elinye lamanani alinganisiwe liphansi kakhulu, khona-ke liphutha.

Bheka ukuthi ivulekile futhi imfishane yini phansi

Uma i-alternator inganikezi i-voltage yokushaja eyanele, kungenzeka ukuthi i-winging iphukile noma kune-winding short to ground. Kala ukumelana ukuze uthole inkinga enjalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, misa injini bese uvala ukuthungela. Setha i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ukumelana bese ukhetha ububanzi bokulinganisa obungu-200 ohms. Cindezela umsizi wokuhlola omnyama phansi, cindezela umthofu wokuhlola obomvu ngokulandelana kuphinikhodi ngayinye yesixhumi se-alternator. Isifunda esivulekile (ukumelana okungapheli) akufanele silungiswe - ngaphandle kwalokho i-stator izoba yisifunda esifushane phansi.

Vula ukugadwa kwesifunda

Bese uhlola zonke izinhlanganisela ezingenzeka zamaphini omunye nomunye usebenzisa imikhondo yokuhlola - ukumelana nokulinganisa kufanele kuhlale kuphansi futhi kufane (ngokuvamile u-<1 ohm; bheka imanuwali yokulungisa efanele yemodeli yemoto yakho ukuze uthole inani eliqondile).

Uma inani elilinganisiwe likhulu kakhulu, ukudlula phakathi kwama-windings ayanele; uma inani elilinganisiwe lingu-0 ohm, isifunda esifushane - kuzo zombili izimo i-stator inephutha. Uma ama-alternator windings esesimweni esihle, kodwa i-voltage ye-alternator iphansi kakhulu, i-rotor cishe ayinazibuthe.

Isilawuli / isilungisi

Uma amandla kagesi alinganiswa ebhethri eqa umkhawulo wemoto osethwe efektri lapho ijubane lenjini lenyuswa (kuya ngemodeli yemoto, i-voltage kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-13,5 no-15 V), amandla ombusi anephutha (bheka Isinyathelo 1). noma idinga ukwakhiwa kabusha.

Amamodeli amadala namadala kuphela asafakwe le modeli yesilawuli elungisekayo - uma ibhethri lingashajwa ngokwanele futhi amanani akalwayo wevolthi engalungisiwe alungile, udinga ukulungisa kabusha.

Ukuhlola isilungisi esisodwa, qala usikhiphe kumjikelezo kagesi. Setha i-multimeter ukukala ukumelana bese ukhetha ibanga lokulinganisa lama-ohms angama-200. Bese ulinganisa ukumelana phakathi kocingo lomhlabathi lokulungisa nakho konke ukuxhumana ne-generator, naphakathi kwekhebula lokukhipha i-Plus nakho konke ukuxhumana kuzo zombili izinkomba (ngakho-ke ubumbano kufanele buguqulwe kanye ngokufanele).

Kufanele ulinganise inani eliphansi ohlangothini olulodwa nenani okungenani eliphindwe kayishumi ngaphezulu kolunye (bheka isithombe 10). Uma ulinganisa inani elifanayo kuzo zombili izinkomba ngenketho yokuxhuma (isb.

Ukuhlola i-generator yabaqoqi

Ama-generator abaqoqi awahlinzeki ngamanje ngozibuthe abasebenza unomphela, kepha ngenxa ye-electromagnetism yokweqa kwangaphandle kokuthakazelisa. Okwamanje kususwa kumqoqi we-rotor ngamabhulashi wekhabhoni. Lolu hlobo lwe-generator luhlala loma njalo, kungaba ohlangothini lwe-crankshaft nombusi wangaphandle, noma njengeyunithi ezimele yodwa, imvamisa ifakwe umphathi ophelele. Ezimweni eziningi, amaphutha abangelwa ukudlidliza noma ama-jolts abangelwa ukushesha kwe-rotor yangemuva noma ukucindezelwa okushisayo. Amabhulashi wekhabhoni nabaqoqi baphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Hlanganisa ama-generator anezinqwaba ezihlukene, okungcono esithuthuthu, ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile (nqamula ibhethri kuqala) bese uwaqaqa.

Amandla we-generator anele angadalwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngokugqoka kumqoqi. Ngakho-ke, qala ngokubheka amandla asetshenziswa yimithombo yamabhulashi, bese ubude bamabhulashi wekhabhoni (buyisela izingxenye ezigugile uma kunesidingo). Hlanza okuphindwe kaningi ngophethiloli noma okokuhlanza amabhuleki (okwehlisiwe); uma kunesidingo, thinta iphepha le-emery elinezinhlamvu ezinhle. Ukujula kwe-groove yomqoqi kufanele kube phakathi kuka-0,5 no-1 mm. ; uma kunesidingo, ziphinde zisebenze ngensimbi yesaha noma ufake i-rotor lapho umkhawulo wokugqoka wesiliphu usufinyelelwe.

Ukuze uhlole okufushane ukuya phansi kanye nokujika kwe-stator evulekile, setha i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ukumelana bese ukhetha ububanzi bokulinganisa obungu-200 ohms. Bamba umthofu wokuhlola ngaphambi kokuhola kokuhlola ngemva kokujika kwenkundla ngokulandelanayo - kufanele ulinganise ukumelana okuphansi (<1 ohm; bheka imanuwali yomnikazi yemodeli yemoto yakho ukuze uthole inani eliqondile). Uma ukumelana kuphezulu kakhulu, isifunda siyaphazamiseka. Ukuze uhlolele okufushane ukuya phansi, khetha ububanzi bokulinganisa okuphezulu (Ω). Cindezela umugqa obomvu wokuhlola ngokumelene nokujika kwe-stator kanye ne-black test lead ngokumelene nezindlu (umhlabathi). Kufanele ulinganise ukumelana okungapheli; kungenjalo, isifunda esifushane ukuya emhlabathini (isifunda esifushane). Manje linganisa ukumelana phakathi kwama-rotor commutator blades amabili, ngokulandelana, nazo zonke izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona (ububanzi bokulinganisa: enye i-200 ohms). Ukumelana okuphansi kufanele kuhlale kukalwa (ngokuvamile ngokulandelana kwama-ohms angu-2 kuya kwangu-4; bheka imanuwali yokulungisa yemodeli yemoto yakho ukuze uthole inani eliqondile); uma kungu-zero, kwenzeka isifunda esifushane; uma ukumelana kuphezulu, isifunda siphazamiseka futhi i-rotor idinga ukushintshwa.

Ukuze uhlolele okufushane ukuya phansi, khetha ububanzi bokulinganisa obuphezulu (Ω) futhi. Bamba umthofu wokuhlola obomvu ngokumelene ne-lamella ku-manifold kanye nomphumela wokuhlola omnyama ngokumelene ne-eksisi (umhlabathi) ngokulandelanayo. Kufanele ulinganise ukumelana okungapheli ngendlela efanele; kungenjalo, isifunda esifushane ukuya emhlabathini (i-rotor engalungile).

Awudingi ukuqaqa izinhlanganisela ze-alternator ezihlanganisiwe. ekugcineni kukakhilikithi ukuze kuhlolwe. Ukuhlola ezininginingi, i-rotor ne-stator, konke okumele ukwenze ukukhipha ibhethri bese ususa ikhava ye-alternator.

Eziningi azinawo ama-grooves. Ukusebenza kabi kwe-generator kungadalwa ukungcoliswa kukawoyela ezinhlamvwini eziningi, ezigugile zekhabhoni, noma iziphethu zokuminyanisa ezinesici. Igumbi le-generator kufanele lingabi nawo uwoyela wenjini noma amanzi emvula (buyisela ama-gaskets afanele uma kunesidingo). Hlola ama-stator windings ukuze uvule noma ufushane emhlabathini ekuxhumaneni kwentambo efanele njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Bheka ngqo ama-rotor windings phakathi kwamathrekhi amabili wethusi womqoqi (qhubeka njengoba kuchaziwe). Kufanele ulinganise ukumelana okuphansi (cishe u-2 kuye ku-6 ohms; bheka imanuwali yeworkshop yemodeli yemoto yakho ngamanani ngqo); lapho kunguziro, kwenzeka isifunda esifushane; Ngokumelana okuphezulu, amakhefu ajikelezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumelana okulinganiswa ngokumelene nomhlaba kumele kube kukhulu kakhulu.

Isilawuli / isilungisi : bheka isinyathelo 2.

Uma enye i-alternator inamaphutha, udinga ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kufanele yini ukukulungisa uye kwi-workshop ekhethekile noma ukuthenga ingxenye yokuqala ebizayo, noma ungathola ingxenye esetshenzisiwe enhle. Ukusebenza / ukubhekwa kwesimo ngewaranti evela kumhlinzeki ofanele ... kwesinye isikhathi kungaba lusizo ukuqhathanisa amanani.

Ukuhlola umjikelezo wokuthungela webhethri - ake siqale

01 - Amakhoyili omlilo, ama-spark plug lead, izintambo zokubasa, ama-spark plug

Uma isithuthuthu singafuni ukuqala lapho i-starter motor iminyanisa injini nenhlanganisela kaphethiloli kanye nomoya enjinini kulungile (i-spark plug iba manzi), inkinga idalwa ukungasebenzi kahle kugesi kagesi wenjini. ... Uma kukhona inhlansi yamandla okushisa amandla noma kungekho nhlansi nhlobo, qala ngokubuka ukuhlola ukuxhumana kwezintambo, ama-spark plugs, nama-spark plug terminals. Kungakuhle ukuthi ubuyisele ngqo ama-spark plugs amadala kakhulu, amatheminali nezintambo zokushisa. Sebenzisa ama-plugi e-iridium wokuqalisa ukusebenza okuthuthukile (amandla omlilo athuthukiswe kakhulu, i-spark plug enamandla amakhulu). Uma umzimba wekhoyili unemigqa emincane ebukeka ishisiwe, lokhu kungaba yimigqa yokuvuza yamanje ngenxa yokungcola noma ukukhathala kwento yomzimba wekhoyili (hlanza noma ubeke okunye).

Umswakama ungangena futhi kwikhoyili yokuthungela ngemifantu engabonakali futhi ubangele amasekethe amafushane. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi amakhoyili amadala e-ignition ahluleka lapho injini ishisa bese eqala ukusebenza futhi ngokushesha nje lapho sekubanda, lapho-ke okumele ukwenze ukufaka izakhi esikhundleni sazo.

Ukuhlola ikhwalithi ye-spark ignition, ungabheka igebe le-spark nomhloli.

Lapho inhlansi inamandla ngokwanele, kufanele ikwazi ukuhamba okungenani u-5-7mm ukusuka ocingweni lokuthungela iye phansi (lapho isimo sekhoyili silungile ngempela, inhlansi ingahamba okungenani i-10mm). ... Akunconyelwe ukuvumela inhlansi ukuthi iye enhlabathini yenjini ngaphandle kwesihloli se-spark gap ukugwema ukulimaza ibhokisi lokushisa kanye nokugwema ubungozi bokushaqeka kagesi lapho uphethe ikhebula ngesandla sakho.

Inhlansi yokushisa amandla aphansi (ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezindala) ingachazwa ngokwehla kwamandla kagesi kusekethe yokuthungela (isb. uma intambo igqwalile - bheka ngezansi ukuze uqinisekise). Uma kunokungabaza, sincoma ukuthi amakhoyili okuthungela ahlolwe yi-workshop yochwepheshe.

02 - Ibhokisi lokuthungela

Uma ama-spark plugs, ama-spark plug terminals, amakhoyili e-ignition nezixhumi zocingo kulungile uma inhlansi ilahlekile, ibhokisi lokushisa noma izilawuli zalo zinamaphutha (bheka ngezansi). Ibhokisi lokuthungela, ngeshwa, liyinto ebizayo ebucayi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuhlolwe kuphela egalaji elikhethekile kusetshenziswa umhloli ofanele okhethekile. Ekhaya, ungabheka kuphela ukuthi ukuxhumeka kwekhebula kusesimweni esihle yini.

Iphini le-rotor, imvamisa lifakwa kwi-crankshaft magazine futhi livuse ikhoyili nge-pulse generator ("slip coil"), ithumela i-pulse kuzinhlelo zokuthungela ngogesi. Ungahlola ikhoyili yokuqoqa nge-multimeter.

Khetha ububanzi bokulinganisa obungu-2 kΩ ukuze uthole isilinganiso sokumelana. Nqamula ikhoyili yesiliphu, cindezela amathiphu okulinganisa ngokumelene nezixhumi bese uqhathanisa inani elilinganisiwe nebhukwana lokulungisa lemodeli yemoto yakho. Ukumelana okuphakeme kakhulu kubonisa ukuphazamiseka, futhi ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu kubonisa isifunda esifushane. Bese usetha i-multimeter yakho ibe yi-2MΩ bese ukala ukumelana phakathi kokujikajika nomhlabathi - uma kungenjalo "okungapheli" kusho ukuthi kufushane kuya phansi bese kushintshwa ikhoyili.

Ukuhlola isifunda sokuqala - asihambe

01 - I-Starter relay

Uma uzwa ukuchofoza noma ukuhhumuzela uma uzama ukuyiqala, uma isiqalisi singayishiyi injini futhi nebhethri ishajwe kahle, i-starter relay cishe yimbi. I-Starter relay ikhipha izintambo kanye ne-starter circuit switch. Ukuze uhlole, susa i-relay. Setha i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ukumelana (ibanga lokulinganisa: 200 ohms). Xhuma umkhondo wokuhlola kusixhumi esiwugqinsi sebhethri nesixhumi esiwugqinsi kusiqalisi. Bamba uxhumano lokususa lwebhethri elingu-12V eligcwaliswe ngokugcwele ohlangothini olunegethivu lwe-relay (bona Umdwebo Wezintambo wemodeli yesithuthuthu efanelekile) kanye noxhumano oluhle ohlangothini oluqondile lwe-relay (bona Umdwebo Wezintambo - ngokuvamile uxhunywe kwinkinobho yokuqala) .

I-relay manje kufanele "chofoze" futhi kufanele ulinganise u-0 ohms.

Uma ukumelana kukhulu kakhulu kune-0 ohms, ukudluliswa kunephutha noma kuphuka. Uma i-relay ingashi, nayo kufanele ishintshwe. Uma ungathola amasethingi kwincwajana yokusebenzela yemodeli yemoto yakho, ungahlola ukumelana kwangaphakathi kokudluliswa nge-ohmmeter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba amathiphu wokuhlola womhloli ekuxhumaneni okuqondile kokudlulisa futhi ufunde inani.

02 - Isiqalo

Uma i-starter ingasebenzi ne-relay starter esebenzayo kanye nebhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele, hlola inkinobho yokuqalisa; ezimotweni ezindala, ukuthintana kuvame ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yokugqwala. Kulesi simo, hlanza indawo nge-sandpaper kanye ne-spray yokuxhumana encane. Hlola inkinobho yokuqala ngokukala ukumelana nge-multimeter ngezindlala zekhebula ezinqanyuliwe. Uma ulinganisa ukumelana okukhulu kune-0 ohms, inkinobho ayisebenzi (hlanza futhi, bese ulinganisa futhi).

Ukuhlola ukuqala, yinqamule esithuthuthu (khipha ibhethri), bese uyiqaqa.

Qala ngokuhlola amandla asetshenziswa yimithombo yamabhulashi nobude bebrashi ye-carbon (buyisela amabhulashi ekhabhoni agugile). Hlanza okuphindwe kaningi ngophethiloli noma okokuhlanza amabhuleki (okwehlisiwe); uma kunesidingo, thinta iphepha le-emery elinezinhlamvu ezinhle.

Ukujula komqongeleli kufanele kube phakathi kuka-0,5 no-1 mm. ; usike ngensingo yomsila omncane uma kunesidingo (noma shintsha i-rotor).

Ukuhlola isifunda esifishane ukuya phansi nesivulekile, qala wenze isilinganiso esichaziwe sokumelana ne-alternator: qala usethe i-multimeter ebangeni lokulinganisa lama-ohms angama-200 bese ngokufanele ulinganise ukumelana phakathi kwamakhasi amabili womqoqi we-rotor ngayo yonke inhlanganisela engenzeka.

Ukumelana okuphansi kufanele njalo kukalwe (<1 ohm - bheka imanuwali yokulungisa yemodeli yemoto yakho ukuze uthole inani eliqondile).

Lapho ukumelana kuphezulu kakhulu, i-circuit iphuka futhi i-rotor ihluleka. Bese ukhetha ububanzi besilinganiso obufika ku-2 MΩ ku-multimeter. Bamba umthofu wokuhlola obomvu ngokumelene ne-lamella ku-manifold kanye nomphumela wokuhlola omnyama ngokumelene ne-eksisi (umhlabathi) ngokulandelanayo. Kufanele ulinganise ukumelana okungapheli ngendlela efanele; ngaphandle kwalokho, isifunda esifushane ukuya emhlabathini senzeke futhi i-rotor nayo inephutha.

Uma i-starter stator ifakwe okokufaka insimu esikhundleni sikamazibuthe waphakade, hlola futhi ukuthi ayikho indlela emfushane eya phansi (uma ukumelana phakathi kokugwinciza phansi nensimu kungapheli, buyisela okugoqayo) bese ubheka isekhethi evulekile. (ukumelana ngaphakathi kwe-winding kufanele kube phansi, bheka ngenhla).

Ihlola izintambo zokuhlanganisa, amaswishi, njll. - Masihambe

01 - Amaswishi, izixhumi, izingidi zokuthungela, amahhanisi ezintambo

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukugqwala nokungcoliswa kungabangela ukumelana okunzima ekudluleni kwezixhumi namaswishi, amahhanisi ezintambo “aboshiwe” (agqwalile) angamakhondatha ampofu. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, lokhu "kukhubaza" ngokuphelele ingxenye, kuyilapho ukulimala okuncane kakhulu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwabathengi abathintekayo, njengokukhanyisa noma ukuthungela, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Ngokuvamile kwanele ukubeka izingxenye ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo: amathebhu agqwalile kuzixhumi nokuxhumana okukhuntile kumaswishi kufanele ahlanzwe ngokuwakhuhla noma ngokuwafaka esihlabathini, bese ehlanganiswa kabusha ngemva kokufaka isifutho esincane sokuxhumana. Faka esikhundleni izintambo ngocingo oluluhlaza. Esithuthuthuni, igeji yekhebula engu-1,5 ngokuvamile yanele, ikhebula eliyinhloko elikhudlwana kufanele libe ukushuba kancane, ukuxhunywa kwebhethri kusiqalisi esidluliswayo kanye nentambo yokuqalisa inobukhulu obukhethekile.

Izilinganiso zokumelana zinikeza imininingwane enembile yokuqhuba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nqamula ibhethri, setha i-multimeter ebangeni lokulinganisa elingu-200 Ohm, cindezela amathiphu wokulinganisa ubhekane nezindlala zekhebula zeswishi noma isixhumi (shintshela endaweni yokusebenza). Izilinganiso zokumelana ezinkulu kunezingu-0 ohms zikhombisa ukukhubazeka, ukungcoliswa, noma ukulimala.

Isilinganiso sokwehla kwamandla kagesi sihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nekhwalithi yamandla yengxenye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha ibanga lokulinganisa lika-20 V (DC voltage) ku-multimeter. Nqamula izintambo eziphozithivu nezinegethivu kumthengi, bamba ithiphu yokulinganisa emnyama kukhebula enegethivu kanye nethiphu yokulinganisa ebomvu kukhebula yamandla ephozithivu. I-voltage engu-12,5 volts kufanele ikalwe (uma kungenzeka, i-voltage yebhethri ayizange yehle) - amanani aphansi abonisa ukuba khona kokulahlekelwa.

02 - Ukuvuza kwemisinga

Awukhipanga isithuthuthu sakho izinsuku ezimbalwa nebhethri selivele likhishwe ngokuphelele? Kuphakathi kokuthi umthengi okhohlisayo kufanele asolwe (ngokwesibonelo, iwashi elinikwa amandla yi-in-board network), noma i-current leakagear ikhipha ibhethri lakho. Isikhathi sokuvuza esinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, singadalwa yisikhiya, iswishi engalungile, ikhebula noma ikhebula elibhajwe noma eligugile ngenxa yokushayisana. Ukuze unqume ukuvuza kwamanje, linganisa okwamanje nge-multimeter.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile, akuvunyelwe neze ukuveza i-multimeter kumthamo ongaphezu kuka-10 A (bheka Imiyalo Yokuphepha ku-www.louis-moto.fr). Ngakho-ke, kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukukala amandla ngekhebula lamandla ohlangothini lapho kuqalwa khona, kwikhebula lebhethri elijiyile elibheke edlulisweni lokuqalisa noma ku-generator!

Qala ngokuvala ukuthungela, bese unqamula ikhebula elinegethivu ebhethrini. Khetha ububanzi bokulinganisa be-milliamp ku-multimeter. Bamba umthofi wokuhlola obomvu kukhebuli enqanyuliwe ethi inegethivu kanye nokuhola kokuhlola okumnyama kutheminali yebhethri eyinegethivu. Lapho i-current ikalwa, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuba khona kokuvuza kwamanje.

Iphutha lenqwaba

Ingabe umsila wakho ulokoza kancane uma uvula isignali yakho yokujika? Imisebenzi kagesi ayisebenzi ngokugcwele? Isisindo semoto yakho kungenzeka sinesici. Njalo hlola ukuthi ngabe ikhebuli lomhlabathi nokuthi ikhebula lokuhlanganisa lixhunywe ngokuphephile ebhethri. Ukugqwala (okungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha) kumatheminali nakho kungadala izinkinga zokuxhumana. Hlanganisa i-oxidation emnyama iholele ngommese wokusetshenziswa. Ukumboza okukhanyayo kwamafutha okugcina kuvikela ekugqobeni okuphindaphindayo.

Ukuthola umthombo, susa amafyuzi esithuthuthu isikhathi esisodwa. Isekethe likagesi elifutha "imitha lingasebenzi" lingumthombo wamanje wokuvuza futhi kufanele lihlolwe ngokucophelela.

Amathiphu ebhonasi wabathandi beqiniso be-DIY

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwekholamu yokuqondisa

Ukufakwa kwekholomu yokuqondisa akuklanyelwe ukunikeza iphutha lomhlabathi kubasebenzisi abahlukahlukene bakagesi. Kodwa-ke, isetshenziselwa le njongo kwezinye izithuthuthu. Futhi ngenkathi ukusebenza kwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo kulokhu, akukuhle. Kwesinye isikhathi, kungakhiqizwa umsinga ongu-10 A noma ngaphezulu, okudala ukuthi kube nokuthwalwa kwamabhere bese kwakheka ama-welds amancane emabhola nasezigoqweni. Lesi simo sandisa ukugqoka. Ukuze usebenze ngale nkinga, sebenzisa ucingo oluncane kusuka epulaki kuya kufreyimu. Inkinga isixazululiwe!

... Futhi injini iyama phakathi nendawo

lokhu kungenzeka lapho inzwa yokutsheka ibangelwa. Lokhu kuvamise ukucisha injini kuphela uma kwenzeka ingozi. Lolu hlobo lwenzwa lusetshenziselwa izithuthuthu ezahlukahlukene. Ukuguqulwa kwalezi zimoto nokuhlangana okungafanele kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle okungaba yingozi. Zingaholela ngisho nasekufeni.

Izixhumi ze-plug kumele zingangeni manzi.

Kukho konke ukulunga, izixhumi ze-plug ezingavimbeli amanzi zenza umehluko omkhulu. Esimweni sezulu esomile, esibalele, bangenza umsebenzi wabo kahle. Kepha esimweni sezulu esina futhi esinomswakama, izinto ziba nzima! Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kungcono ukufaka lezi zixhumi ngezingangenisi manzi. Ngisho nangesikhathi nangemva kokugeza okuhle!

ILouis Tech Center

Kuyo yonke imibuzo yezobuchwepheshe ephathelene nesithuthuthu sakho, sicela uxhumane nesikhungo sethu sobuchwepheshe. Lapho uzothola oxhumana nabo abangochwepheshe, izinkomba namakheli angapheli.

Maka!

Izincomo zemishini zinikeza imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile engahle ingasebenzi kuzo zonke izimoto noma kuzo zonke izinto. Kwezinye izimo, imininingwane yesayithi ingahluka kakhulu. Kungakho singeke senze noma yiziphi iziqinisekiso ngokunemba kwemiyalo enikezwe kuzincomo zemishini.

Siyabonga ngokuqonda kwakho.