Amafutha ezinjini zezimoto
Okuqukethwe
Izidingo zikaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe zikhonjisiwe emiyalweni futhi zivame ukuphindwa kabili ngaphakathi kwe-flap yethangi legesi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zikaphethiloli wezimoto: uphethiloli nodizili nezinye izinhlobo: igesi, ugesi, i-hydrogen. Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi zikaphethiloli ezingavamile ezingasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi.
I-GOST, TU, STS: imithethonqubo elawula izinga likaphethiloli eziteshini zikaphethiloli
Izinga likaphethiloli waseRussia lilawulwa ama-GOST ayisikhombisa. Okuthathu kuhlobene nophethiloli - R 51105, R 51866 kanye no-32513. Okune kuhlobene nophethiloli wedizili: R 52368, 32511, R 55475 kanye no-305. Kodwa-ke, umthetho okhona awubopheli umenzi ukuthi alandele ngokuqinile izindinganiso ze-GOST, ngakho-ke nezinye izindinganiso zingenzeka. : izimo zobuchwepheshe (TU) noma indinganiso yenhlangano (STO). Kusobala ukuthi kukhona ukwethembana okwengeziwe uphethiloli ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana GOST. Amadokhumenti emikhiqizo ethengiswayo ngokuvamile athunyelwa eziteshini zikaphethiloli, uma kunesidingo, ungawacela kubasebenzi. Izindinganiso eziyinhloko zibekwe emithethweni yezobuchwepheshe yenyunyana yamasiko "Ezimfuneko zikaphethiloli wezimoto nezokundiza, udizili nophethiloli wasolwandle, uphethiloli wendiza namafutha kawoyela."
Ukumakwa kukaphethiloli ovame kakhulu we-95 kubukeka kanje: AI 95 K5. Lokhu kusho uphethiloli weklasi 5 ngenombolo ye-octane engu-95. Kusukela ngo-2016, ukuthengiswa kwamafutha emoto ngaphansi kwekilasi lesi-5 kuvinjelwe eRussia. Umehluko omkhulu ubuningi obuvunyelwe bezinto ezithile.
Awukho umqondo osabalele we-Euro5 maqondana nophethiloli noma udizili: izidingo zezemvelo azisebenzi kuphethiloli, kodwa ekukhishweni kwemoto. Ngakho-ke, imibhalo ehlukahlukene ethi "Uphethiloli wethu uhambisana ne-Euro5" imane iyisu lokumaketha futhi ayimelani nanoma yikuphi ukugxekwa okungokomthetho.
Uphethiloli: enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zikaphethiloli wezimoto
Imingcele ebalulekile kaphethiloli inombolo ye-octane kanye nesigaba semvelo. Inombolo ye-octane isilinganiso sokumelana nokugoqa kukaphethiloli. Izinjini eziningi zesimanje zikaphethiloli zenzelwe ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ongu-95 octane, ezinye ezinophethiloli ongu-92 octane zenzelwe izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa uphethiloli ongalungile, kungase kwenzeke inkinga: esikhundleni sokushiswa, ingxube kaphethiloli ingase iqale ukuqhunyiswa futhi iqhume. Lokhu, yiqiniso, akubangeli ingozi kwabanye, kodwa injini ingakonakala. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto, ngoba uma kusetshenziswe uphethiloli ongalungile, umenzi ngeke abekwe icala uma injini noma isimiso sikaphethiloli sihluleka.
I-diesel fuel: uhlobo lwesibili oludume kakhulu lwamafutha emoto yezimoto
I-diesel fuel ngendlela yakudala ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-diesel fuel. Igama livela ku-Solaröl yaseJalimane - uwoyela welanga. I-diesel fuel iyingxenyana esindayo eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwamafutha.
Ngenjini ye-diesel, ngaphezu kwesigaba sezemvelo, izinga lokushisa elibandayo libalulekile. Kukhona uphethiloli wedizili wasehlobo onephuzu lokuthela elingu -5 °C, uphethiloli wedizili wasebusika (-35 °C) nophethiloli wedizili wase-arctic, ojiya ku -55 °C.
Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva iziteshi zikaphethiloli bezilokhu ziqapha izinga. Okungenani, iziteshi zenethiwekhi azivumeli ukuthengisa uphethiloli oba yi-viscous emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ohambweni olude, abashayeli abanolwazi bathatha izithasiselo ze-antigel, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenazinkinga kwenjini yedizili.
Izimpawu zenkinga yenjini
Uma ufaka uphethiloli ngophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, injini noma isistimu kaphethiloli ingase yehluleke. Izimpawu zokuqala yilezi:
- intuthu (emhlophe, emnyama noma empunga) epayipini lokukhipha umoya;
- anciphisa kakhulu amandla emoto
- ukwanda komsindo, imisindo engaphandle - hum, ukuhlehla, ukuchofoza;
- imisindo ephumayo, ochwepheshe abayibiza ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa", ehambisana nokushaya kwengcindezi ekuphumeni kwe-turbocharger;
- engazinzile engenzi lutho.
Kulokhu, sincoma ukuvala imoto futhi uxhumane nesikhungo sezobuchwepheshe se-FAVORIT MOTORS Group. Ukusebenzisa imoto esimweni esinjalo kuyingozi, ngoba kungaholela ekulungiseni injini ebizayo.
Ukugcwalisa njengenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhohlisa egalaji likaphethiloli
Isikhalazo esivamile ukugcwala kancane kukaphethiloli. Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi amagalaji kaphethiloli enethiwekhi ngokuvamile athobela yonke imithetho. Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungase kube ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle noma imodi yokushayela engenawo umnotho. Ukungagcwalisi kahle kungafakazelwa kuphela ngokuthela uphethiloli ku-canister yomthamo othile.
Kunezikhathi lapho igalaji likaphethiloli ligcwalisa umthamo wamafutha owedlula umthamo wethangi likaphethiloli. Lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhwabanisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi uphethiloli awuqukethe kuphela ethangini, kodwa futhi nasemapayipini axhumayo. Ivolumu eyengeziwe eyengeziwe incike kumodeli yemoto.
Ngakho-ke, isinqumo esifanele kakhulu ukufaka uphethiloli eziteshini zikaphethiloli eziqinisekisiwe.
Uma ukwephulwa kwemithetho kubonakala egalaji likaphethiloli, ungaxhumana neziphathimandla zokuqondisa zikahulumeni noma ihhovisi lomshushisi.
Okufanele ukwenze uma imoto yakho ifa ngenxa yezinga eliphansi likaphethiloli
Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwemoto okuhlotshaniswa nophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, ubunzima obuyinhloko busesisekelo sobufakazi: udinga ukufakazela ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela phakathi kokuwohloka kanye nophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Umbono wongoti bezikhungo ezidayisa izimoto ezikwaziyo ukuthi izimoto ziseviswa kahle ubalulekile. Kwesinye isikhathi abashayeli bakholelwa ukuthi i-dealship ingase yenqabe ngamabomu ukulungiswa. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba lokhu, ngoba umthengisi uzonxeshezelwa ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha okukhiqiza ngumenzi wemoto. Asikho iphuzu lapho umthengisi enqaba ukwenza ukulungiswa kwewaranti. Kuyindaba ehlukile uma ukungasebenzi kahle kuhlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kwemithetho yokusebenza yomshini, okufaka ukusetshenziswa kophethiloli wekhwalithi enganele. Kulokhu, yiqiniso, isitshalo akudingeki sinxephezele ukulahlekelwa. Icala - igalaji likaphethiloli - kufanele likwenze lokhu.
Uma ochwepheshe besikhungo sobuchwepheshe benquma ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kuhlobene nophethiloli, khona-ke udinga ukuthatha isampula yamafutha. Ithululelwa ezitsheni ezintathu, ezivaliwe futhi zisayinwe ngabantu abakhona ngesikhathi sokukhethwa (umnikazi, ummeleli wenhlangano yochwepheshe ezimele, isisebenzi sesikhungo sobuchwepheshe). Kutuswa ukuba umeme ummeleli wegalaji likaphethiloli enqubweni yokukhetha uphethiloli nge-telegram ngesaziso sokulethwa. Isiqukathi esisodwa sithunyelwa elabhorethri ezimele, ezinye zigcinwa umnikazi - zingase zidingeke ukuze zihlolwe okulandelayo. Ukuze kube nokuthembeka okukhulu kwesisekelo sobufakazi, abameli bayeluleka ukuthatha isampula likaphethiloli egalaji likaphethiloli lapho imoto yafakwa khona uphethiloli - ngokubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi basegalaji likaphethiloli kanye nochwepheshe abazimele. Iseluleko sihle, kodwa ekusebenzeni lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi: kuthatha isikhathi esiningi kuze kube yilapho imoto ihanjiswa esikhungweni sezobuchwepheshe futhi ihlolwe. Uchwepheshe unquma ukuthi isampula esingaphansi kocwaningo liyahambisana yini nemingcele yemithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe ye-Customs Union “Ezimfuneko zikaphethiloli wezimoto nezokundiza, udizili nophethiloli wasolwandle, uphethiloli wendiza namafutha kawoyela.” Uchwepheshe wesikhungo sobuchwepheshe ukhipha idokhumenti eshoyo ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kungenxa kaphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, uchaza iphutha, futhi unikeza uhlu lomsebenzi nezinsimbi ezisele.
Futhi, umnikazi wemoto kufanele abe nencwadi eqinisekisa ukuthi ugcwalise uphethiloli egaraji elithile likaphethiloli. Inketho engcono kakhulu isheke, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungayilahli. Uma bungekho, inkantolo ingase ihlele ubufakazi, izithombe ze-CCTV, noma isitatimende sekhadi lasebhange.
Njengoba inobufakazi bobudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela phakathi kokufakwa kukaphethiloli kanye nokungasebenzi kahle, isisulu sithinta umnikazi wegalaji likaphethiloli futhi sifune ukubuyiselwa kwezindleko: izindleko zokulungisa nezingxenye ezisele, uphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwemoto, ukuhlolwa, njll. Uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni, kuzomele uye enkantolo. Uma isinqumo senkantolo sivuma, umenzi wecala uzophinde akhokhe izindleko zenkantolo kanye nezindleko zommeli.
Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zamafutha
Inqwaba yamagalaji kaphethiloli ahlinzeka ngophethiloli ogama lawo liqukethe amagama athi Ultimate, “Ecto,” njll. Lawa mafutha ahluke kumlingani wawo onenombolo ye-octane efanayo lapho kukhona izithasiselo zokuhlanza, futhi umenzi uvame ukukhuluma ngokukhulisa injini esebenza kahle. Kodwa lokho okushiwo abathengisi kufanele kuthathwe ngokungabaza okuthile.
Uma injini ingcolile kakhulu, ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ngezithasiselo zokuhlanza kungabangela, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle. Konke ukungcola kungena kuma-injection kanye nepompo ye-high pressure futhi imane iwavale. Ukusebenza okungazinzile nokwanda kobuthi kungenzeka. Ngokususwa kokungcola, umsebenzi uzinza. Izithako zokuhlanza kufanele ziphathwe njengamavithamini: zigcina "impilo" yesistimu kaphethiloli, kodwa azisizi ngalutho ezimweni zomtholampilo. Ukugcwaliswa njalo kwamafutha anjalo esiteshini segesi esihle ngeke kulimaze injini futhi, cishe, kuzoba nomphumela onenzuzo ekusebenzeni kwayo. Kukhona nohlangothi lwezomnotho odabeni: izithasiselo zikaphethiloli zithengiswa ngokuhlukana futhi zingathelwa ethangini ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuzoba eshibhile.
Uma imayela lide, futhi akukho zithako zikaphethiloli ezisetshenzisiwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kungcono ukubonisana nochwepheshe be-FAVORIT MOTORS Group. Ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bazohlola isimo semoto, baphakamise inkambo engcono kakhulu yokusebenza futhi banqume imithi edingekayo.
