Izinjini ze-Diesel

Izici zokuklama zezinjini zikadizili

Iyunithi yenjini kadizili ingenye yezinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla e-piston. Mayelana nokusebenza kwayo, cishe ayihlukile kunenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kaphethiloli. Kukhona amasilinda afanayo, ama-piston, izinduku zokuxhuma, i-crankshaft nezinye izakhi.

Isenzo "se-diesel" sisekelwe endaweni yokuzithungela ye-diesel fuel efafazwe endaweni yesilinda. Ama-valve enjini enjalo aqiniswa kakhulu - lokhu kwakudingeka kwenziwe ukuze iyunithi imelane nemithwalo eyengeziwe isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisindo nobukhulu benjini "ye-diesel" bukhulu kuneyunithi efanayo ye-petroli.

Kuphinde kube nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemishini kadizili nekaphethiloli. Kulele ekutheni ingxube ye-air-fuel yakheka kanjani, uyini umgomo wokuthungela nokuvutha kwayo. Ekuqaleni, ukugeleza komoya ohlanzekile okuvamile kuqondiswe kumasilinda okusebenza. Njengoba umoya ucindezelwa, ufudumala kuze kufike ekushiseni okungaba ngu-700 degrees, ngemva kwalokho ama-injection afaka uphethiloli ekamelweni elivuthayo. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likhuthaza ukusha okuzenzakalelayo kukaphethiloli. Ukushisa kuhambisana nokwakhiwa okusheshayo kokucindezela okukhulu kusilinda, ngakho-ke iyunithi ye-diesel ikhiqiza umsindo wesici ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Injini ye-diesel iqala

Ukuqala injini ye-diesel esimweni esibandayo kwenziwa ngenxa yamapulaki akhanyayo. Lezi yizakhi zikagesi ezishisisayo ezihlanganiswe ekamelweni ngalinye elivuthayo. Lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, amapulaki akhanyayo ashisisa aze afike kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu = cishe ama-degree angu-800. Lokhu kushisa umoya emagumbini omlilo. Lonke lolu hlelo luthatha imizuzwana embalwa, futhi umshayeli uyaziswa isignali ye-instrument panel ukuthi injini ye-diesel isilungele ukuqala.

Ukunikezwa kukagesi kumapulagi akhanyayo kuvalwa ngokuzenzakalela cishe imizuzwana engama-20 ngemuva kokuqala. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini ebandayo.

Injini ye-diesel fuel system

Enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zenjini kadizili uhlelo lokuphakela uphethiloli. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunikeza uphethiloli we-diesel kusilinda ngamanani alinganiselwe futhi kuphela ngesikhathi esithile.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yamafutha:

• high pressure fuel futha (TNVD);
• ama-injection kaphethiloli;
• isici sokuhlunga.

Inhloso eyinhloko yepompo yomjovo ukuhlinzeka ngophethiloli kuma-injection. Isebenza ngokohlelo olunikeziwe ngokuhambisana nemodi lapho injini isebenza khona kanye nezenzo zomshayeli. Eqinisweni, amaphampu kaphethiloli esimanje ayizindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwenjini kadizili ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifakwa umshayeli.

Okwamanje lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-pedal yegesi, akashintshi inani likaphethiloli elinikeziwe, kodwa wenza izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwabalawuli ngokuya ngamandla okucindezela i-pedal. Yizilawuli ezishintsha inani lokushintshwa kwenjini futhi, ngokufanele, ijubane lomshini.

Njengoba ochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors Group bephawula, amaphampu omjovo kaphethiloli omklamo wokusabalalisa avame ukufakwa ezimotweni zabagibeli, ama-crossovers nama-SUV. Zihlangene ngosayizi, zinikeza uphethiloli ngokulinganayo kumasilinda futhi zisebenza kahle ngesivinini esikhulu.

I-injector ithola uphethiloli empompini futhi ilawula inani likaphethiloli ngaphambi kokuqondisa kabusha uphethiloli ekamelweni elivuthayo. Amayunithi e-diesel afakwe ama-injection anezinhlobo ezimbili zokusabalalisa: uhlobo noma i-multi-hole. Izinaliti zokusabalalisa zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa ngoba zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli silula futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, esinye sezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zeyunithi yedizili. Imingcele yayo yokusebenza kufanele ihambisane ncamashi nohlobo oluthile lwenjini. Inhloso yesihlungi ukuhlukanisa i-condensate (imbobo ephansi yokukhipha amanzi enepulaki ihloselwe lokhu) futhi isuse umoya oweqile ohlelweni (kusetshenziswa iphampu ye-booster ephezulu). Amanye amamodeli ezimoto anomsebenzi wokushisa ugesi wesihlungi sikaphethiloli - lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqala injini ye-diesel ebusika.

Izinhlobo zamayunithi edizili

Embonini yesimanje yezimoto, izinhlobo ezimbili zamandla kadizili zisetshenziswa:

• izinjini zomjovo oqondile;
• izinjini ze-diesel ezinegumbi elihlukile lokuvutha.

Emayunithi edizili anomjovo oqondile, igumbi elivuthayo lihlanganiswe nepiston. Isibaseli sijovwa esikhaleni esingaphezulu kwepiston bese siqondiswa ekamelweni. Umjovo kaphethiloli oqondile uvame ukusetshenziswa kumaplanti amandla anejubane eliphansi, agudlukayo lapho izinkinga zokuthungela zinzima khona.

Izinjini zikadizili ezinekamelo elihlukile zivame kakhulu namuhla. Ingxube evuthayo ayijovwe esikhaleni esingaphezulu kwepiston, kodwa ifakwe endaweni eyengeziwe etholakala ekhanda le-cylinder. Le ndlela ithuthukisa inqubo yokuzithungela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwenjini kadizili lusebenza ngomsindo omncane ngisho nangesivinini esiphezulu. Lezi yizinjini ezifakwe namuhla ezimotweni, ama-crossover namaSUV.

Kuye ngezici zokuklama, iyunithi yamandla edizili isebenza ngemijikelezo ye-4-stroke kanye ne-two-stroke.

Umjikelezo we-four-stroke ubandakanya izigaba ezilandelayo zokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla:

• I-stroke yokuqala ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ngama-degree angu-180. Ngenxa yokunyakaza kwayo, i-valve yokungena iyavuleka, ngenxa yalokho umoya unikezwa emgodini we-cylinder. Ngemva kwalokho, i-valve ivala ngokuzumayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, endaweni ethile, i-valve yokukhipha (ukukhululwa) nayo ivula. Isikhathi sokuvuleka ngesikhathi esisodwa kwama-valve sibizwa ngokuthi ukunqwabelana.
• I-stroke yesibili ukucindezelwa komoya nge-piston.
• Isilinganiso sesithathu siwukuqala komnyakazo. I-crankshaft izungeza ama-degree angu-540, ingxube ye-fuel-air iyavutha futhi ishe uma ihlangana nama-injection. Amandla akhishwa ngesikhathi sokusha angena ku-piston futhi abangele ukuthi inyakaze.
• Umjikelezo wesine uhambisana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kuze kufike ku-720 degrees. I-piston iyakhuphuka futhi ikhiphe imikhiqizo evuthayo esetshenzisiwe ngevalvu yokukhipha umoya.

Umjikelezo we-two-stroke uvame ukusetshenziswa lapho uqala iyunithi yedizili. Ingqikithi yayo iwukuthi imivimbo yokucindezela komoya kanye nokuqala kwenqubo yokusebenza kufinyezwa. Kulokhu, i-piston ikhipha amagesi okukhipha amandla ngokusebenzisa amachweba okungena akhethekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo, futhi hhayi ngemva kokushona kwayo. Ngemva kokuthatha indawo yokuqala, i-piston iyahlanzwa ukuze isuse imiphumela esele ekushiseni.

Izinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenzisa izinjini zedizili

Amayunithi kaphethiloli we-diesel abonakala ngamandla aphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Ongoti beFavorit Motors Group bayaqaphela ukuthi izimoto ezinezinjini zikadizili ziya ngokuya zidingeka minyaka yonke ezweni lakithi.

Okokuqala, ngenxa yezici zenqubo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okuphuma njalo, udizili awubeki izidingo eziqinile kukhwalithi yamafutha. Lokhu kubenza bonge kakhulu futhi kungabizi kakhulu ukuzinakekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwenjini ye-diesel kungaphansi kweyunithi ye-petroli yevolumu efanayo.

Okwesibili, ukushiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwengxube ye-fuel-air kwenzeka ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokujova. Ngakho-ke, izinjini ze-diesel zingasebenza ngesivinini esiphansi futhi, naphezu kwalokhu, zikhiqiza i-torque ephezulu kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo senza kube lula ukwenza imoto eneyunithi yedizili kalula kakhulu kunemoto edla uphethiloli.

Okwesithathu, igesi esetshenziswayo ephuma enjini ye-diesel iqukethe i-carbon monoxide encane kakhulu, eyenza ukusebenza kwezimoto ezinjalo kuhambisane nemvelo.

Naphezu kokwethembeka kwawo nempilo ephezulu yenjini, amayunithi amandla kadizili ayahluleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors Group of Companies abancomi ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa uwedwa, ngoba izinjini zesimanje zikadizili zingamayunithi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Futhi ukulungiswa kwazo kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile kanye nemishini.

Ochwepheshe bezinsizakalo zezimoto zeFavorit Motors bangabadwebi abaqeqeshiwe abaphothule ama-internship nokuqeqeshwa ezikhungweni zokuqeqesha zezitshalo zokukhiqiza. Bayakwazi ukufinyelela yonke imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe futhi banesipiliyoni seminyaka eminingi ekulungiseni amayunithi edizili anoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa. Isikhungo sethu sobuchwepheshe sinazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo kanye namathuluzi akhethekile okuxilonga nokulungisa izinjini zikadizili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsiza zokubuyisela nokulungisa izinjini zikadizili ezinikezwe iFavorit Motors Group of Companies zilula kuma-wallets eMuscovites.

Ochwepheshe bezinsizakalo zezimoto bayaqaphela ukuthi ubude besikhathi eside benjini ye-diesel buxhomeke ngokuqondile ekutheni isevisi efika ngesikhathi kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yenziwa kanjani. Esikhungweni sezobuchwepheshe se-Favorit Motors, ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile namashadi okugeleza komkhiqizi futhi kusetshenziswa izingxenye eziyisipele eziqinisekisiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuphela.

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